What is the theory of endosymbiosis and how does it apply to mitochondria and chloroplasts? by Yekaterina Cilluffo https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh Made with swagger en-us 2016-11-29 14:02:37 UTC 2017-05-17 03:08:17 UTC hello@padlet.com It is the theory that prokaryotic cells were consumed by a bigger eukaryotic cell. The prokaryotic cell would be dependent on the eukaryotic cell and vice versa. This means that the prokaryotic cell would keep its own DNA and ribosomes which makes its own proteins, and has its own membrane. This applies to the mitochondria and chloroplasts because it has its own DNA, makes its own proteins, and has its own double membrane. 2024684 https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh/wish/140493471 Dhruv, Jasal, Abhi

]]> 2016-11-29 14:05:26 UTC https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh/wish/140493471 Sneha, Anesha, Deepti, Sukth 30051681 https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh/wish/140493541 Theory: The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once organelles themselves, and that they were engulfed by cells, but instead of being digested, they became part of the cell because they were useful.

Mitochondria:
- Bacteria symbionts have their own DNA. (Mitochondria has DNA similar to bacteria, but different from nucleus)
- Contains ribosomes (can make proteins)
- Inner: bacteria plasma membrane 
Outer: cell that engulfed the mitochondria
 --> Engulfing occurs through endocytosis

Chloroplast: 
- Inner: bacteria plasma membrane 
Outer: cell that engulfed the chloroplast
--> (engulfing occurs through endocytosis)

]]> 2016-11-29 14:05:37 UTC https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh/wish/140493541 Haripriya, Melissa, Ruhan, Ethan https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh/wish/140493679 Endosymbiotic Theory - Organelles were formed when early prokaryotic cells used the process of endocytosis to swallow other prokaryotic cells. 

Mitochondria and chloroplasts may have their own DNA, make their own proteins, and have a double membrane because they evolved from early prokaryotes that were swallowed by other cells. For example, mitochondria, chloroplasts and prokaryotes all share the same DNA structure-1 single circular chromosome. They are all approximately the same size. Additionally, electron transport chains are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but only in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells. The chains are all found in the plasma membranes of prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. When bacterial cells are engulfed by other cells, some of the membrane from the cell that engulfed the bacterial cell surrounds it to transport it into the cell. The bacteria’s original lipid bilayer becomes the inner layer and the other cell’s lipid bilayer becomes the outer layer, resulting in a double membrane. 

]]> 2016-11-29 14:06:00 UTC https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh/wish/140493679 Shruthi, Shreya, Anoushka and Srinidhi https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh/wish/140493788 The theory of endosymbiosis was proposed by Lynn Marguis and provides an explanation as to how eukaryotes evolved. The meaning of endosymbiosis itself means that cells are ungulfed (endocytosis) but, the cells are not digested, resulting in a mutualistic relationship between cells. This results in mitochondria and chloroplast having their own double membrane, having their own DNA and making their own proteins, since anaerobic bacteria would engulf the aerobic bacteria. ]]> 2016-11-29 14:06:19 UTC https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh/wish/140493788 Anisha, Shannon, Ramitha, Ishan, Avani https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh/wish/140494214
  • Why do mitochondria and chloroplasts… (from the Theory of Exocytosis)
  •  their own DNA… 
  • Mitochondria
  • Descendents of bacteria (prokaryotes - without nuclei/organelles) that eukaryotes invaded and was used; So now they became dependent on each other
  • So they came in with their own DNA and it still carries the code to make some of its own proteins
  • Chloroplasts
  • Same thing as mitochondria (it came from a prokaryote) 
  • Make their own proteins… 
  •  Only that specific protein can carry out the functions because according to the theory mitochondria/chloroplasts came from another whole cell, so it should be somewhat different than eukaryotes.
  • Have a double membrane… 
  • Mitochondria/chloroplasts came from prokaryotes so it already had a membrane and when it was engulfed, long back, that created another wrap around the original membrane.



    • ]]>     2016-11-29 14:07:17 UTC https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh/wish/140494214     HI https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh/wish/140494248 2016-11-29 14:07:22 UTC https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh/wish/140494248 Elizabeth &Danielle https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh/wish/140494380 theory that two different species benefit from living and working together and one species lives entirely within the other. Chloroplast comes from something that lives within mitochondria which makes their relationship an example of endosymbiosis ]]> 2016-11-29 14:07:42 UTC https://padlet.com/yekaterina_cilluffo/1rcmwuz63dhh/wish/140494380