Scientists run melted samples through various instruments—mass spectrometers, scanning electron microscopes, gas chromatographs—to find tiny pieces of pollution, like sulfates, traces of metals, or radioactive fallout, or natural aerosols like dust or volcanic ash.

c:Because every clue in the ice, whether a grain of sea salt or an air bubble, is so miniscule and the measurements must be incredibly precise, any analysis must be done in a "clean room" setting. The researchers wear body suits and multiple layers of gloves; the room must have ultraclean filters and vents to keep the air pristine.
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C- The significance of these bubbles is that they are bubbles of ancient atmosphere that have been trapped in the ice since it was first formed over Antarctica.

E- These bubbles help them measure the composition of the ancient atmosphere. This can also help estimate the temperature in the past. In order to unlock the secret of ice course, researchers melt or crush the sample The more that they melt or crush, the deeper down they get in the more information to get about past climate.

S- in conclusion do you know that high scores are very important to explain the climate changes over time.

 "the gasses trapped in ice cores is how scientists first learned that the amount of carbon dioxide and the global temperature has been linked at least the last million years of Earth's history."
E - The citation above shows the analysis scientists conduct provides the conclusion that they have found out that there have been changes in the atmosphere's temperature. This temperature is also called the climate of the earth, and their analysis shows a change in that climate.
S - All in all, scientists have used nature created archives in ice to get a glimpse of past properties of the earth. With this, they have found out that the past climate was different than today's, leading them to conclude that the climate had changed.

 

C- “...airborne relics of Earth's earlier climate—including dust, air bubbles, sea salts, volcanic ash, and soot from forest fires—can end up trapped in glacial ice for eons.... those relics tell a story about how our planet's climate and atmosphere have changed over thousands of years.” “To unlock the information inside an ice core, researchers in the lab may melt or crush the sample bit by bit; each deeper layer represents a slightly earlier time in the Earth's climate history.”

E- To get into the other layers inside of a piece of ice, the scientists melt or slowly crush away the different layers piece by piece noticing that each deeper layer is from an earlier part of the earth's history. They can figure out the temperature and/or climate from different relics that have been frozen into the ice. With those relics they can find the information to compare the information about the temperature and climate of today to figure out how it has changed over time.

S- Ice cores help explain climate change to scientists by the relics that are in the different layers of ice. They then compare each layer to another and find how the climate and temperature has changed.

Scientists run melted samples through various instruments—mass spectrometers, scanning electron microscopes, gas chromatographs—to find tiny pieces of pollution, like sulfates, traces of metals, or radioactive fallout, or natural aerosols like dust or volcanic ash."
E - Basically, bubbles within these ice cores contain small samples of the atmosphere from millions of years ago. These small pockets of early atmosphere had a very different composition than it is in the present, containing things like small traces of pollution, dust and ash, and even radioactive fallout. Scientists use these pieces of evidence to see how the climate has changed over time from the contents of these small samples of atmosphere.
S - So yeah, scientists explain these changes in climate by examining samples of atmosphere within the ice cores and studying their contents. That way, scientists are able to see the change in climate from millions of years ago.

C-  In the text it states “Like a prehistoric fly trapped in amber during dinosaurs' days, airborne relics of Earth's earlier climate—including dust, air bubbles, sea salts, volcanic ash, and soot from forest fires—can end up trapped in glacial ice for eons. To climate scientists, those relics tell a story about how our planet's climate and atmosphere have changed over thousands of years.”

E- With the text provided it states that in the air bubbles there is dust, sea salts etc., and that shows the changes in the atmosphere throughout the years.

S- In summary an ice core sample can show you how the earth has changed over time.