Portfolio by Arailym Omirzak

6A

220302053 — 2023-05-07 09:07:55 UTC

Extra - person who plays a small role in the background
Miming - act, without making any noise
Ordinary - something normal; standard
Patient - a feature, when person can wait for a long time and don't be bothered
Set - a spacial place where film is being shot; a studio
Director - a person who directs the film, who is in charge of managing what is being filmed
Scene - a part of the film
Shot - filmed
Action film - a film in which the protagonist is thrust into a series of events that typically involve violence and physical feats.
Animation - cartoon; the 2d film that has been drawn
Comedy - funny movie film that makes you laugh.
Drama - a film in a serious tone
Historical film - film based on historical events that actually happened
Horror - scary movie
Musical - film or play in which singing and dancing play an essential part
Rom-com - romantic-comedy is a film that is about romantic relationships and intended to be funny
Science fiction film - a film based on imagined future scientific or technological advances
Thriller - a film genre with an exciting plot, typically involving crime or espionage.
War film - a film concerned with warfare, typically about naval, air, or land battles, with combat scenes central to the drama.
Western - movie about American west; cowboys and gunplays.
Audience - people who watch the movie
Cast - everyone who acted in the movie
Critic - a person who gives reviews about the film
Plot - the story of the film
Review - an article giving an opinion about the film
Script - words of the film
Sequel - second movie in the franchise
Soundtrack - music of the movie
Special effects - an illusion created for films by computer graphics
Star - main actor of the film
Subtitles - written words of the film that appear on the screen
Trailer - a short video with a series of short scenes from a film
Based on - when a film is made based on a book or other materials
Location - a place where film getting shot (city)
Dubbed - translation that gets voiced over.

6B

220302053 — 2023-05-07 09:56:06 UTC

common - most widespread
appearence - the way person looks
portrait - a drawing or picture of a person, usyally showing only the head and shoulders
interpretation - exlaining the meaning of something in your own way
thin - having too little fat on the body
slim - synonym of thin, opposite of fat
narrow - small width in relation to length
wide - great or more than avarage
charisma - quality that attracts and impresses other people
rucksack - backpack
gesture - a movement of part of the body, especially a hand, to express an idea or meaning
dedicated - devoted to a task or purpose
private - belonging of one particular person, something personal
follow - in a sense of social media, to subscribe
impression - opinion about a person left after meeting them for the first time
conversation - a dialogue, talk
discover - find out something
outfit - clothes of a person, that they are wearing at the moment
lifestyle - the way in which a person lives
stare - looking intensely
nod - movement of the head up and down
body language - the way person consciously or unconsciously exspresses themselves through their body and gestures
cheerfully - in a excited way, happily
eye contact - when two people look directly into each other`s eyes
cross arms - a gesture of forming X with your arms
wardrobe - a place where clothes are stored
questionnaire - a set of questions, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study
up to date - knowing everything about the latest films, TV, and books

7A

220302053 — 2023-05-07 10:52:18 UTC

nursery school - a school for young children, between the ages of two and four (UK)
primary school - a school for children between the ages of about five and eleven (UK)
secondary school - a school for children between the ages of about eleven-eighteen (UK)
state school - school that is funded by government and where education is free
private school - a school, where parents have to pay themselves
boarding school - a school, where children live and study
head teacher - a person who is in charge of the school
pupils - children at primary school (UK)
students - children at secondary school and those who study in university (UK)
terms - in what school year is devided (UK)
kindergarten - a school for young children, between the ages of four and six (US)
elementary school - a school for children between the ages of about six and ten
middle school - a school for children between the ages of about ten and fourteen
high school - a school for children between the ages of about fourteen and eighteen
college - higher education (US)
grades - age groups that schoolchildren are divided into
semesters - in what school year is devided (US)
degree - certificate given when finishing university
graduate - a person who finished university and has a degree
to be expelled - when a student is permanently removed from a school system
to be punished - a penalty or sanction on student as retribution for braking school laws
cheat - act dishonestly or unfairly in order to gain an advantage
misbehave - behave badly
fail - get unsuccessful result
pass - get successful result
revise - repeat the materials
uniform - special clothes obligated to be worn
superior - higher in rank, status, or quality
attitude - position, opinion or feeling towards something
vice versa - opposite
envelope - a flat paper container with a sealable flap, used to enclose a letter or document
grade - score given work
mark - synonym of grade
apprenticeship - an arrangement in which someone learns an art, trade, or job under another
essential - absolutely necessary; extremely important
recruitment team - takes care of the identifying, attracting, and selecting of candidates to fill the organization's vacancies
compulsory - required by law or a rule, obligatory

7B

220302053 — 2023-05-07 10:53:57 UTC

Rent - a tenant's regular payment to a landlord for the use of property or land.
Tenant - a person who occupies land or property rented from a landlord.
Landlord - a person who rents out land, a building, or accommodation.
Mortgage - a legal agreement by which a bank, building society, etc. lends money at interest in exchange for taking title of the debtor's property.
Move out - leave one's place of residence or work.
Flat/apartment - self-contained housing unit that occupies part of a building, generally on a single story.
Outskirt - the outer parts of a town or city.
Suburb - an outlying district of a city, especially a residential one.
Village - a group of houses and associated buildings, larger than a hamlet and smaller than a town, situated in a rural area.
Town - a built-up area with a name, defined boundaries, and local government, that is larger than a village and generally smaller than a city.
Roof - the structure forming the upper covering of a building or vehicle.
Ceiling - the upper interior surface of a room or other similar compartment.
Balcony - a platform enclosed by a wall or balustrade on the outside of a building, with access from an upper-floor window or door.
Terrace (patio) - a level paved area next to a building.
Chimney - a vertical channel or pipe which conducts smoke and combustion gases up from a fire or furnace and typically through the roof of a building.
Fireplace - a place for a domestic fire, especially a grate or hearth at the base of a chimney.
Attic - the space or room at the top of a building, under the roof, often used for storing things.
The East coast - in the US, the part of the country near the Atlantic Ocean.
The second floor - the floor directly above the ground floor.
Basement - the floor of a building which is partly or entirely below ground level.
Entrance - an opening, such as a door, passage, or gate, that allows access to a place.
Gate - a hinged barrier used to close an opening in a wall, fence, or hedge.
Ground floor (first floor) - the floor of a building at ground level.
Path - a way or track laid down for walking or made by continual treading.
Steps - a set of steps leading from one floor of a building to another, typically inside the building.
Wall - a continuous vertical brick or stone structure that encloses or divides an area of land.
Modern - relating to the present or recent times as opposed to the remote past.
Spacious - having ample space.

8A

220302053 — 2023-05-07 11:24:20 UTC

Apply for - make a formal application or request
Set up - establish a business, institution, or other organization
Look for - search for
Unemployed - a person who doesn't have a job
Get sacked - get fired
Salary - payment you get for work
Boss - a person who is in charge of a worker, group, or organization
Do overtime - work more than it's needed
Run (a business) - to manage a business
Market - whole commercial industry
Get fired - loose a job not by your own will
Redundant - not or no longer needed or useful employee
Work experience - how much and where you have worked
Permanent - unchanging
Qualifications - a quality or accomplishment that makes someone suitable for a particular job or activity
Resign - voluntarily leave a job or office
Temporary - lasting for only a limited period of time
CV - resume
Den - the hidden home of some types of wild animal
Entrepreneur - a person who makes money by starting or running businesses
Make a pitch - present something you're trying to sell
Full time - work for the whole working day
Part time - work only part of the whole working day
Self-employed - work for yourself
Freelance - work for different people
Shift - periods in which workers do the same jobs in relay
Complex - hard to understand, consisting of many different parts
Contestant - a person who takes part in a contest or competition
Programme - TV show
Convince - persuade, make believe
Intimidating - having a frightening, overawing, or threatening effect
Dread - scary
Invest - put money into something in order to get profit
Profit - advantage, benefit.
Interchangeable - able to change within each other

8B

220302053 — 2023-05-07 12:44:46 UTC

customer - a person who buys goods or services from a shop or business
sales assistant - a person who serves customers in a shop and provides help
receipt - a paper which proves that you bought this product
particular - something specific
changing rooms - a special space made for customers to change their clothes
sale - reduced prices
basket - small container for holding or carrying things
trolley - large basket on wheels
credit card - give you access to a line of credit issued by a bank
debit card - deduct money directly from your bank account
refund - a repayment of money for the purchase
discount - reduction in the price of a good or service
bargain - negotiating a lower price or finding a deal
chain store - big brand that has multiple branches
department store - a large store that sells many kinds of products
library - place where you can read and borrow books
bookshop - a place where you buy books
try on - wearing clothes once, to see if it looks good on you
fits - when something is right size
suits - when something looks good on you
groceries - food and other necessities
publicity - notice or attention given to someone or something by the media
compensation - something, typically money, awarded to someone in recognition of mistake made by company
complaint - a statement that something is unsatisfactory or unacceptable
repair - restore something damaged to a good condition
parcel - an object wrapped in paper in order to be carried or sent by post
deliver - bring and hand over to the address
temptation - the desire to do something

9A

220302053 — 2023-05-07 13:40:18 UTC

Hitchhiking - travel by getting free lifts in passing vehicles
Phone box - a very small room or enclosed structure with a public telephone in it
Inspector - person who checks
Station - a place on a railway line where trains regularly stop so that passengers can get on or off
Security - a person who protects given area or organization
Upset - sad, not in the mood
Ill - having problems with health, feeling bad
Rudely - in an offensive or bad-mannered way
Race - competition to see who is fastest
Delay - be late or slow, not on time
Petrol - a fuel needed for cars to work
Principles - position or view, usually about morality
Reveal - open previously unknown information
Conclude - bring or come to an end
Remarkable - worthy of attention, striking
Influence - affect on someone else
Consider - think certain way
Fortune - a luck
Opportunity - a chance
Tend to - regularly or frequently behave in a particular way or have a certain characteristic
Spot - notice
Rely - depend on with full trust or confidence
Intuition - the ability to understand something instinctively, without the need for conscious reasoning
Ambitious - having or showing a strong desire and determination to succeed
Optimistic - to think positively
Anxiously - with worry
Motivate - inspire

9B

220302053 — 2023-05-07 14:19:39 UTC

Adaptor - a device for converting a European plug to a British one
Charger - a device for charging a battery or battery-powered equipment
Keyboard - a device with which you type on computer
Memory stick - a portable device where you can store information
Mouse - a device for controlling commands on screen
Plug - device that connects wire and socket
Remote control - a device used to switch channels on TV
Router - a device that shares internet
Socket - a place on the wall for plugging devices
Speaker - a device for playing audio
Switch - a device to turning the light on and off
USB cable - cable that connects two devices
Switch off - make device stop working
Switch on - make device start working
Delete - remove completely
Update - upload newer version
Install - download
Unplug - disconnect
Turn up - make more
Turn down - make less
Wireless - without a wire, a device that works through Bluetooth
Headphones - a device made for listening Audio by a single user
Air conditioning - a device made for controlling temperature in the room
Detox - give up on something for the good
Stack - arrange multiple items neat
Concentrate - focus
Gadget - device
Inbox - an electronic folder in which emails are received
At fingertips - available, very easy to reach
Lock - secure

10A

220302053 — 2023-05-07 14:49:23 UTC

Icon - very famous person who left a mark in history
Entertain - provide someone with amusement or enjoyment.
Memorable - something that will stay in the memory for long time
Breakthrough - a sudden, dramatic, and important development.
Devastated - emotionally destroyed, ruined
Worldwide - spread in the whole world
Retreat - move back
Curiosity - a strong desire to know something
Futuristic - design implementing to look like from the future
Sensuous - attractive
Receive - to be given
Child prodigy - wonder kid, child with unusual abilities
Prominent - important, famous
Campaign - an organized course of action to achieve a goal
Songwriter - a person who creates songs, producer
Muse - an inspiration
Suspension - temporary punishment
Recognition - getting well known by big amount of people
Admire - look at someone with respect or warm approval
Landmark - famous location
Manufacturer - a person or company that makes goods for sale
Release - post
Magnificent - extremely beautiful, elaborate, or impressive
Self-taught - a person who learned by themselves
Refuse - not willing to do something
Bankrupt - loosing all the money

10B

220302053 — 2023-05-07 15:06:27 UTC

Detective - a person who investigates a crime
Evidence - an item or information that give a hint on who committed a crime
Murder - killing a person
Murderer - a person who committed a murder
Prove - to use evidence to show something is true
Solve - to find the correct answer
Suspects - people who are thought to be quilty
Victims - people who suffered from the crime
Witnesses - people who saw something related to the case happening
Deliberately - consciously and intentionally, on purpose
Commit - to do
Inhabitants - citizens, people who live there
Attempt - try
Examine - inspect
Remain - continue, left
Arrest - seize someone by legal authority and take them into custody
Alibi - evidence proving Innocence of the suspect at the time crime has taken place
Furious - very angry
Frightened - very scared
Reconcile - restore friendly relations
Pseudonym - fictitious name, especially one used by an author
Sailor - a person who works on a ship
Freemasons - a secret society whose members help each other and communicate using secret signs
Isle of Wight - an island off the south coast of England
DNA - the chemical in the cells of animals and plants that carries genetic information
Engagement - a formal agreement to get married

6A

220302053 — 2023-05-07 18:39:29 UTC

PASSIVE VOICE

• The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the action (the verb) and the object of a sentence rather than the subject. This means that the subject is either less important than the action itself or that we don’t know who or what the subject is.
• The verb in the passive sentence is formed with a form of "to be" + past participle.
• The object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence.
• The doer of the action (agent) can be mentioned using the preposition "by", but it is optional and can be omitted if unknown or unimportant. The tense of the sentence is determined by the form of "to be" used.

Examples of Passive Voice in Different Tenses:

• Present Simple:
Active Voice: They clean the house.
Passive Voice: The house is cleaned (by them).

• Present Continuous:
Active Voice: She is writing a book.
Passive Voice: A book is being written (by her).

• Past Simple:
Active Voice: John fixed the car.
Passive Voice: The car was fixed (by John).

• Past Continuous:
Active Voice: They were building a house.
Passive Voice: A house was being built (by them).

• Future Simple :
Active Voice: They will repair the computer.
Passive Voice: The computer will be repaired (by them).

• Present Perfect:
Active Voice: We have finished the project.
Passive Voice: The project has been finished (by us).

• Past Perfect:
Active Voice: She had cooked dinner.
Passive Voice: Dinner had been cooked (by her).

• Modal Verbs (Can, should, must, etc.):
Active Voice: He can solve the problem.
Passive Voice: The problem can be solved (by him).

6B

220302053 — 2023-05-07 19:08:05 UTC

MODALS OF DEDUCTION

• "Must" is used to express a high degree of certainty or strong deduction based on evidence or logical reasoning.
Example: The road is blocked. There must have been an accident.

• "Might" and "may" are used to express a possibility or a moderate level of certainty.
Example: She might be running late for the meeting.
It may rain this afternoon, so don't forget your umbrella.

• "Could" and "can't" are used to express a possibility or impossibility respectively, but with less certainty than "must" or "might."
Example: They could be traveling abroad for vacation.
He can't be the thief because he was at home during the robbery.

• "Couldn't" is used to express a strong negative deduction or impossibility.
Example: She couldn't have forgotten her keys because they're right here.

• These modals are followed by the base form of the verb without "to".

• We don't use can instead of might/ may.
Example: ~~She can be on the way to home now~~

• We often use be + gerund after might / must/can't.
Example: She must be studying right now. She has a lot of homework.

7A

220302053 — 2023-05-08 06:08:56 UTC

FIRST CONDITIONAL AND FUTURE TIME CLAUSES + WHEN, UNTIL, ETC.

First conditional (If + present simple, will/won't + infinitive):
• The first conditional is used to talk about real or possible future situations and their potential outcomes.
Examples:

If you don't water the plants, they will die.
Her boss will promote her to a higher position, If she finishes her project on time,
If it snows tomorrow, we will go skiing in the mountains.

• We can use unless + present simple(positive) instead of if...not in conditional sentences.
Example: If you don't study, you won't pass the exam.
You will not pass the exam, unless you study.

Future time clauses:
• We use the present tense (~~the future~~) after when, as soon as, until, before, and after to talk about the future.
Examples:

When she finishes her work, she will go for a walk.
Until you apologize, I won't forgive you.
As soon as the concert starts, they will begin playing their instruments.
Before you leave the house, make sure you turn off all the lights.
After they finish dinner, they will watch a movie.

7B

220302053 — 2023-05-08 08:12:57 UTC

SECOND CONDITIONAL, CHOOSING BETWEEN CONDITIONALS

Second conditional (If + past simple, would/wouldn't + infinitive):
• The second conditional is used to talk about hypothetical or unreal situations and their imagined outcomes. It expresses conditions that are unlikely or contrary to reality.
Example:

If I won the lottery, I would buy a mansion.

(winning the lottery) is unreal or unlikely, and the result (buying a mansion) is the imagined outcome.

• The result is expressed using "would," "could," or "might" + infinitive.
Examples:

If I had a million dollars, I would quit my job and travel the world.
If I were a bird, I would fly to the highest mountains.
If I had more free time, I could learn a new language.

Choosing between the first or second conditional
•The choice between using a first or second conditional typically relies on your perception of the likelihood of something happening.

Example:

1.First Conditional (likely to happen):

If she studies hard, she will pass the exam.

The condition (studying hard) is likely to happen, and the result (passing the exam) is the expected outcome.

2.Second Conditional (hypothetical):

If she studied hard, she would pass the exam.

The condition (studying hard) is hypothetical or contrary to reality, and the result (passing the exam) is an imagined outcome.

would/wouldn't + infinitive

• We can use would/wouldn't + infinitive (without an if clause) when we talk about imaginary situations.
Examples:

My dream job would involve working with animals at a sanctuary.
They would never choose a restaurant as expensive as that for dinner.

8A

220302053 — 2023-05-08 08:52:11 UTC

CHOOSING BETWEEN GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

gerund (verb + -ing):

• We use the gerund:

1.after prepositions and phrasal verbs.

Example:
She is excited about starting a new job.
They are interested in learning new languages.

2. as the subject of a sentence.
Example:
He admitted cheating on the test.
Running helps to relieve stress.

3. after some verbs, e.g. hate, don't mind.
Example:
I hate doing the dishes.
He enjoys playing basketball.

• Common verbs which take the gerund include: admit, avoid, deny, dislike, enjoy, feel like, finish, hate, keep, like, love, mind, miss, practice, prefer, recommend, spend time, stop, suggest, and some phrasal verbs, e.g. give up, go on, etc.
• The negative gerund = not + verb + -ing.

the infinitive with to

• We use the infinitive + to:
1.after adjectives.

Example:
He is happy to help with the project.

2. to express a reason or purpose.
Example:
We exercise regularly to stay healthy.

3. after some verbs, e.g. want, need, learn.
Example:
He needs to finish the report by tomorrow.

• Common verbs which take the infinitive include: (can't) afford, agree, decide, expect, forget, help, hope, learn, need, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, seem, try, want, would like. More verbs take the infinitive than the gerund.
• The negative infinitive = not to + verb.
• these verbs can be used with both infinitive and gerund: start, begin, continue.
Example:
I started to watch the movie.
I started watching the movie

the infinitive without to:

• we use the infinitive without to:
1.after most modal and auxiliary verbs.
Example:
She can swim effortlessly.
They must leave immediately.
2. after make and let.
Example:
Let me help you with your bags.
She makes him clean his room.

8B

220302053 — 2023-05-08 09:58:52 UTC

REPORTED SPEECH: SENTENCES AND QUESTIONS

reported sentences

Examples:
Direct Speech: "I am going to the party"
Reported Speech: She said she was going to the party.

Direct Speech: "I will call you later"
Reported Speech: He said he would call me later.

Direct Speech: "They have already finished the project"
Reported Speech: They said they had already finished the project.

• Reported speech is used to convey what someone said or thought in a past conversation or situation.
• Verb Tense Changes:
Present simple → past simple
Present continuous → past continuous
Past simple/Present perfect → past perfect.
Will → would.
Can → could.
May → might.
• Pronounce changes
Example: "I like cats". Rose said that she liked cats.
• Time and place expressions may need to be adjusted to reflect the context of the reported speech.
tomorrow → the next day
here → there
this →that, etc.
Example: "I will finish this tomorrow". He said that he would finish that the next day.
• say and tell:
after said, we don't use a person or an object pronoun.
Example:
Rob said that he was happy. ~~Rob said me that she was happy.~~

After told, we must use a person or object pronoun.
Example:
Rob told me that she was happy. ~~Rob told that he was happy~~

Reported questions

Examples:
Direct Question: "What time does the train leave?"
Reported Question: She asked what time the train left.

Direct Question: "Are you going to the party?"
Reported Question: He wondered if I was going to the party.

Direct Question: "Where did you put the keys?"
Reported Question: She asked where I had put the keys.

• When reported question doesn't begin with a question word (who, what, when, where, why, how), we add if (or whether).
Example:
"Do you hate snakes?" He asked me if/whether I hated snakes.

• We also have to change the word order to subject + verb and not use do / did.

9A

220302053 — 2023-05-08 10:21:27 UTC

THIRD CONDITIONAL

Examples:

If it hadn't rained, we would have had a picnic in the park.
If they had bought the tickets earlier, they might have gotten better seats at the concert.
If they had invested in that company, they could have made a fortune.

• If + past perfect + would/wouldn't + have + past participle
• The third conditional is used to talk about unreal or hypothetical situations that were impossible or unlikely to happen in the past. It is used to reflect on what could have been different in the past circumstances. It emphasizes regret or disappointment regarding the outcome.
Example:
Yesterday we took a different route and got lost (= the real situation)

If we hadn't taken a different route, we wouldn't have gotten lost. (= the hypothetical or imaginary past situation)

• The contraction of both had and would is 'd.

Example:
If she'd have known you had been hungry, she'd have brought you food.
• We can use might or could instead of would to make the result less certain.
Example:
If she had studied medicine, she might have become a doctor.

9B

220302053 — 2023-05-08 11:15:47 UTC

QUANTIFIERS

large quantities

• We use a lot of or lots of in a positive sentences. We can also use loads of, but it's informal.
Example: I have a lot of work to do before the deadline.
She has lots of friends who support her.
• We use a lot when there is no noun.
Example: She eats a lot. ~~She eats a lot of~~
• much / many are normally used in negative sentences and questions, but a lot of can also be used.
Example: We don't have much milk in the fridge.
How many people attended the event?
• We use plenty of in positive sentences. (= more than enough)
Example: They provided us with plenty of information.

small quantities

• We use little + uncountable nouns, few + plural countable nouns. a little and a few = some, but not a lot.
Example: He needs a little help with his homework.
We have a few options to choose from.
• very little and very few = not much / many.
Example: She has very little patience.
The museum had very few visitors on a weekday morning.
• The comparative of little → less and the comparative of few → fewer.
Example: I have less free time now that I started working full-time.
There are fewer people in the office today due to the holiday.

more or less than you need or want

• We use too + adjective or adverb.
Example: This dress is too big for me. It's not my size.
• We use too much + uncountable nouns and too many + plural countable nouns.
Example: He drank too much coffee and couldn't sleep at night.
There are too many cars on the road during rush hour.
• We use (not) enough before a noun and after an adjective.
Example: There are enough chairs in the hall, we don't need more.
This computer is not fast enough.

zero quantity

• We use any + uncountable or plural noun for zero quantity with a negative verb.
Example: There isn't any sugar in the cupboard.
• We use no + uncountable or plural noun with a positive verb.
Example: There is no sugar in the cupboard.
• We use none (without a noun) in short answers.
Example:
A. How much sugar do we have?
B. None.

10A

220302053 — 2023-05-08 11:52:02 UTC

RELATIVE CLAUSES: DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING

defining relative clauses (giving essential information)

Examples:

She is the girl who won the singing competition.
The book which I borrowed from the library is due tomorrow.
I have a friend whose father works as a doctor.

• These clauses provide essential information that is necessary to identify or define the noun being referred to.
• They are not separated by commas.
If the relative clause is removed, the meaning of the sentence changes significantly.
•Relative pronoun is used: who=people, which=things/animals, and where=places.
• In some relative clauses, the verb after who, which, or that has a different subject. In these clauses, who, which, or that can be omitted.
Example: He's the guy who she saw yesterday (the subject of saw is she).
He's the guy she saw yesterday
• We can use that instead of who or which.
• We use whose to mean "of who" or "of which".
• where and whose can never be omitted.
Example: He is the boy whose bike broke. ~~He is the boy bike broke.~~

non-defining relative clauses (giving extra non-essential information)

Examples:

My sister, who lives in London, is coming to visit us.
The Taj Mahal, which is located in India, is a famous tourist attraction.
The president, whose term ends next year, announced new policies.

• These clauses provide additional, non-essential information about the noun being referred to.
• They are separated by commas from both sides.
• If the relative clause is removed, the main sentence still retains its meaning and coherence.
Example: Our dog, ~~whom we adopted from the shelter,~~ is very friendly.
• In these clauses, we can't leave out the relative pronoun (who, which, etc.).
• In these clauses, we can't use that instead of who/which. ~~John's new laptop, that he bought last week, is incredibly fast.~~

10B

220302053 — 2023-05-08 12:01:11 UTC

QUESTION TAGS

Examples:

You are coming to the party, aren't you? (positive statement, negative question tag)
She doesn't like coffee, does she? (negative statement, positive question tag)
They have finished their work, haven't they? (positive statement, negative question tag)
He won't be late, will he? (negative statement, positive question tag)
It's raining outside, isn't it? (positive statement, negative question tag)

• Question tags are short phrases added at the end of a sentence to turn a statement into a question or to seek confirmation or agreement from the listener.
• For positive statements, the question tag is usually formed with a negative auxiliary verb. For negative statements, the question tag is usually formed with a positive auxiliary verb.
• The question tag repeats the auxiliary verb from the statement and is followed by a pronoun that matches the subject of the statement.
• The verb tense in the question tag should match the verb tense in the statement.

Reflection

220302053 — 2023-05-08 12:04:45 UTC

This is my reflection on a TED talk by Ken Robinson. He raised a very important topic which prompted a lot of thoughts. Schools bury children's individuality, trying to make academic weapons which are not always relevant. Trying to make everyone "professors", standard education doesn't develop all spheres of human capacity.

If briefly describing what was said in the TED talk, Ken Robinson explained why education does this and what kind of consequences it has. The speaker retold stories of kids who thought outside of the box, adding humor. Here, I want to mention the quote I really liked: "If you're not prepared to be wrong, you'll never come up with anything original". Unfortunately, education takes away from us this trait that every child has. As a child, our minds are pure, we are not trapped by society's expectations and norms. But growing up, we stopped trying "to be unique", we only do "what is right" in somebody's eyes. Because for the government, it's not beneficial to have individuals with different paths. The government wants to make workers who will serve them. So, it suppresses art and puts science on a pedestal. But Ken Robinson claims challenges the narrow definition of intelligence based solely on academic achievements and argues that intelligence is diverse and multifaceted. Trying to develop only in part, we lose diverse talents and forms of intelligence that students possess. This rigid approach limits opportunities for students to explore their passions, discover their unique strengths, and ultimately reach their full potential. Maybe if teachers in our schools paid more attention to subjects other than science, I would be able to open up my hidden talents. From my personal experience, in music class we never even sang or played instruments, in art class we very rarely drew. School doesn't care about your personal growth, it cares only about the results of standardized testing. The education system restricts everyone by one pattern, killing our individuality and creativity.

In conclusion, Ken Robinson's TED TALK discusses how we should embrace and prioritize creativity in education, creating an environment where every student can thrive and contribute their unique talents to society. I personally think that school should be an environment that encourages curiosity, experimentation, and innovation. The integration of art, music, and creative thinking across all disciplines can help foster a culture of imagination and problem-solving. By changing this system, we can leave a better world for future generations.

Person who I admire

220302053 — 2023-05-08 12:06:23 UTC

The person who I admire is the leader of the k-pop group Stray Kids - Bang Chan. He was born October 3 of 1997. He has lived in Australia his whole life and his English name is Christopher. Bang Chan is not only the leader, but also a songwriter, producer, lead vocalist, lead dancer and rapper. On March 26, 2018, Bang Chan debuted as a member of Stray Kids.

Why do I admire him? There are many reasons. One of them is that he's very strong, no matter what he's been through. In 2010, at the age of 13, he passed an audition for the label JYP Entertainment. Despite his young age, he moved to Korea to become an idol. During this time, he was supposed to debut several times, but didn't succeed. He trained for 7 years, watching his friends debut without him. But he didn't give up and started forming a crew with other trainees, the future Stray kids. He basically gathered all the members and formed a group by himself. As the oldest and trainee with the most experience, he helped his friends to perfect their skills. The company saw that the group formed by Bang Chan had potential and decided to air a survival show, at the end of which the strongest trainees would debut. They had to go through painful eliminations and Bang Chan saw his friends leave him once again. But this time everything was different, because he was the one responsible, he was the one who picked them, he was the leader. Luckily, at the end of the show, the CEO of the company decided that they're stronger together and let all the trainees debut together. So, all those times, Chan didn't sleep until the morning training and doing everything for his group wasn't for nothing.

As a leader, there's a lot of responsibility on his shoulders and he can't let his members down. That's the other reason why I admire him. He's an incredible leader. Bang Chan once said "I would die for Stray Kids, and that's for sure. That's something that I'm very very dedicated about. I could sacrifice everything for Stray Kids". He would do everything and anything for his members. He always takes care of them and makes sure that they're safe. Bang Chan encourages them if they fail, motivates and helps his members. In their songs and performances, he does everything in order for each member to shine individually. He would never let anyone get left over.

He doesn't only take care of his members, but fans as well. Bang Chan often goes live and talks to fans. He asked fans to "never hurt themselves", because he knows what it's like and doesn't want his fans to go through this pain. Chan always says "if you feel stressed you can come to me, talk to me, ask me and I will try my best to relieve your stress". At the end of each lifestream, he hugs a camera to make fans feel like he hugged them. A lot of fans mention that Bang Chan helped them to go through hard moments in life. I myself found comfort in his streams and videos a lot. It just feels like a safe place where you are always welcome.

In conclusion, Bang Chan is not only an amazing artist, but also a very kind and hardworking person. His music inspires me, but his videos where he talks to the fans make me feel comfortable. His love for his members warms my heart and makes me appreciate him even more. Bang Chan is a person who worked his way to the top and deserves everything he earned.