·            Since 1630, policy of isolation similar to china

·            Relatively primitive technology

o   Agriculture driven

·            Christianity was discriminated against

·            Religions

o   Buddhism, Confucianism, Shintoism

·            Social classes

o   Emperor

o   Shogun

o   Daimyo

o   Samurai

o   Peasants

o   Chonin

Arrival of “Black Ships”

·            Primary source reading

·            1853- letters from President Millard Fillmore and Commodore Matthew C. Perry

Arivial of the USA

·            What the US wanted:

o   Coaling stations to refer

o   More trading partners

o   A haven for ship-wrecked sailors

Western World’s Influence on Japan

·            Treaty of Kanagawa (March 31, 1854)

o   Signed by Commodore Perry

§  Opened Japan trade

o   Followed quickly by separate treaties with British, Dutch, French, and Russians

o   Lets US trade in Japan

·             

Meiji Restoration (1868-1912)

·            The shogun lost power and the Emperor restored power

·            The Charter Oath (April 1868)

o   Assemblies opened to public debate

o   Nation will come together

o   All commoners have a say in government

o   “Unworthy customs and practices shall be discarded, and justice shall be based on the principles of nature”

§  if getting rid of old customs means our country getting better, then so be it

o   “Wisdom and knowledge shall be sought all over the world in order to promote the welfare of the empire”

·             Meiji reforms

o   End of feudal system

o   Loss of land ownership

o   Military revamped

o   Written constitution

o   New tax system

o   Invest in shipyards and ironworks

o   Education for all

Acquiring new territories

·            1867 – USA bought Alaska from Russia

·            19th century marks beginning of imperialist US actions

·            Desire for new commodities to exports, looking for new markets, need for raw material, missionary motives

Pacific Expansion

·            Missionaries sent to Hawaii (1820’s)

·            Occupied midway island (1867)

·            Hawaii annexed (1898)

·            Guam (1898)

American Conflicts

·            The Spanish-American War

o   Cuba was the center that rippled out

·            Conflict in Two Hemispheres

o   The Pacific à The Philippines

o   Caribbean à Teddy Roosevelt, Rough Riders, and the battle to San Juan Hill

 American Empire Problems

·            Philippine – American war (1899-1902)

o   resented being “bought”

o   USA and the Philippines were originally allies

o   Guerrilla warfare and revolt à 7,000 Americans and 20,000+ Filipinos killed

·            Japan and Russia

o   President Roosevelt won the Nobel piece prize in 1905 for his hand in the treaty of Portsmouth ending the Russo-Japanese war

·            China

o   Open door policy 1899

o   Boxer rebellion

·            Caribbean

o   Cuba was not entirely independent

o   Puerto Rico under military rule

o   Venezuela in debt

 

Monroe Doctrine- 1823, Monroe gave a speech saying that everyone on the West do them and we will do us and everything will work fine.  Basically saying to get out of our business and well stay out of theirs

·            “Isolationist”

 

The Roosevelt Corollary is basically Roosevelt adding on to the Monroe Doctrine and what he thinks

·            Not going to get involved over seas

·            If they even come into our hemisphere with their problems, we will fight them

·            December 6, 1904

Venezuelan Crisis

·            Venezuelan Civil War

·            Europeans wanted reparations for damages

·            Venezuelan President Cipriano Castro refused to pay

·            Italy, Britain, and Germany impose a blockade from December 1902 to February 1903

·            USA sent large fleet threatening war if Germans continued aggression

·            Similarities:

o   Both wanted European countries to stay out of Latin American western hemisphere 

o   Wanted USA to stay out of European affairs

·            Differences:

o   RC gave right for the USA to intervene with South America and Europe to stay away

·            Where is it? – Man made water way that goes straight through Panama

·            Owned by a privet French company led by architect Ferdinand de Lesseps

o   The guy who built the Suez Canal in Egypt

·            Why is it significant?

o   Shorten the route from the East Coast to the West Coast  by almost 8,000 miles

o   US ships no longer gave to go around the southern tip of South America

·            Acquiring the Zone

o   Proposed a $40 million offer for the canal

§  One condition- US controls region where canal located

§  $10 million in cash and $250,000 yearly in rent for six miles

o   Colombian senate said no…

o   US encouraged a revolt in Northern Colombia

§  Revolutionists declared independence from Colombia in Panama Zone

o   US sent Marines and warships to hold the Panama zone and prevent Colombian military from engaging

o   Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)

·            Textiles

·            Growth of factories

·            Standards of living issues

Second Industrial Revolution 1830’s – 1910’s

·            Advancements in technology, manufacturing

·            Mass creation and use of steel

·            Electricity

·            Transportation greatly improved

Four Phases

·            Textile Phase

o   Cotton, silk

o   Starts in London

o   Belgium was the second to industrialize

·            Metallurgical Phase

o   How we begun to use more steel then iron

o   Bessemer Process

o   Allows production to ride

o   Germany became industrial power in 1890

·            Chemical Phase

o   Medicine

o   Weapons, explosives

o   Fertilizer

·            1890’s Electrical Phase 1930’s

o   radio

o   batteries

o   lights

o   phones

Darwinism – survival of the fittest

Fascism is all about the state

Karl Marx

·            1818-1883

·            born into middle class family

·            Law student, editor-chief of newspaper

·            Met Frederich Engles in 1842

·            Published February 21, 1848 in the UK

o   Originally anonymous

·            Not really read till the 1870’s

·            It bared both names, but Engels addresses this after Marx’s death

·            OPVL – know this

·            Bourgeoisie - upper class, rich. They depend on the Proletariat because they are the ones working to make the Bourgeoisie

·            Proletariat - Lower class 

·            Division of labor got so big that it doesn’t matter who is doing what anymore

o   No ownership in the work

o   Division of labor has gotten too big and the workers don’t matter as much as they used to

·            Napolean Bonaparte

o   One of the greatest generals in history

o   Coup d’etat in 1799, emperor in 1804

o   Tried to invade Russia in 1812

o   Exiled to island of Elba

o   Hundred days campaign(almost retakes France after being exiled) 

·            Congress of Vienna

o   Major countries 

o   Austria,Britain,France,Russia,Prussia

o   Wanted

§  Prevent issues that arise from Napoleon and France wars

§  Restore monarchies

§  Balance military forces

§  First time all these countries come together and discuss common issues

ú  All have some effect on causing ww2

·            Industrialization

·            Nationalism

·            Imperialism

·            Militarism

·            Alliances

Industrialization

·            Had a major role in WW2

o   Invisible hand idea-economy would fix it self if you didn’t touch it

o   Laissez faire economics- leave it alone

·            Charles Fournier

o   Equal rights for all

o   Socialist

o   No monopolies

·            Socialism

o   Everybody has the same amount of wealth and goods

·            Anarchy 

o   Absence of regulation and government

o   Produce what they need for themselves

·            Malthus 

o   Larger the population gets less recourses we have

o   Population going down is good

·            Social Darwinism

o   Best will survive 

·            David Ricardo 

o   Make what your good at instead of making a lot of things

Fascism all about state

Communism all about the individuals 

·            Karl marx

o   1818-1883

o   born to a middle class Prussian family

o   law student

o   wrote about communism

Nationalism- A deep devotion towards ones nation

·            Nation- A large group of people with similar beliefs, ethnicity, ideas

·            Congress of Vienna 

o   Continue to come together to keep peace in Europe

o   First step towards league of nations and UN

·            Principle of interventionism

o   Everyone has the right to go into you country and fix something that is wrong

·            Austrian and Russian empire police everything in Europe 

·            Uprisings in Europe

o   Liberalism- a political idea that people should have rights and be garneted jobs

o   Everyone can prosper if they have equal rights

o   Everyone grows the same

Crimean war

·            Russia vs. Ottoman empire

·            Desire to control the black sea(Mediterranean)

·            Falsely Utilizing interventionism 

·            Rest of Europe declares war on Russia

Turning point in Europe