Remake of Living in the Anthropocene: Nature, Culture and Power by Howard Yu

Daya Bay, China

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant
Project by
Ng Wing Yan
Liu Yuen Kwan
Lo Yin Yue Blossom

龍門核能發電廠

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

龍門核能發電廠
台灣第4座核能發電廠，簡稱「核四」或「核四廠」。
位於台灣新北市貢寮區（龍門）。
由1980年起臺灣電力公司興建營運。目前進入封存狀態，等待2021年12月18日公投結果。

點擊連結了解更多：
https://padlet.com/cure2018anthropocene/gg63s9r43wdv1iwc

For English:
https://padlet.com/cure2018anthropocene/jnexq8ehb9el8dqd

Mekong River

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Project by
Wu Shuk Yu
Pau Wai Ying
Wong Cheuk Ni Cherie

Hong Kong Island

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Shark Fin
Project by
Wong Tsz Ching, Nicole
Cheng Hau Yan, Carrie
Wong Yuet Ying, Toby

Palm Oil Conflict, Indonesia

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Palm Oil Conflict, Indonesia
Project by
Cheung Sum Yuet, Ines
Kung Hiu Lam, Helen
Leung Lok Yiu

00_New Dehli, India

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Welcome to explore the Padlet of [India, Coal & Air Pollution] !
歡迎來到關於【印度、煤炭與空氣污染】的Padlet！

[Air Pollution
Project by
Lai Cheuk Hang, Justin
So Man Lok, Nicholas]

NICHOLAS

Shanxi, China

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Coal Mining
Project by
Ho Ching Wing
Chan Ho Ching

Meinong Lake, Taiwan

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Meinong Dam
Project by
Pang Sze Lung
Li Jiang Long

Three Gorges Dam, 秭归县宜昌市湖北省中国

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

project by
Cheung On Kiu
Li Sze Hei

Narmada River

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Narmada Dam
Project by
Yeung Fong Ching
Cheung Lam
Fung Hoi Tung (left HK)

台湾旗山溪

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

高屏大湖計劃：台灣經濟部提出此計畫，希望改善高屏地區的供水穩定度。此計畫作為美濃水庫的替代方案，同樣遇到來自地方民眾的抗爭。2013年該決議被退回經濟部。（李江龍編輯）

台湾高雄市美濃廣林

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

水庫所在地（擬建）

福島第二原子力発電所

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

2011年3月12日，福島第一核電站因海嘯與地震發生重大核事故，被國際原子能機構（IAEA）評定為最高級7級。

828G+M2 Tomioka, Fukushima, Japan

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

台湾高雄市美浓区雙溪樹木園

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

美濃黃蝶祭是客家人問祭典，旨在追求人與自然的和諧共生，今年的主要訴求是“關係修復”，提醒大家在保持社交安全距離後，有機會可以重新思考人和人的關係，以及人和大自然的關係。（李江龙编辑）

台湾台北市中正区中山南路立法院

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

2011年美濃鄉親北上抗議水利署美濃西水利計劃，認為這僅僅是美濃水庫的死灰復燃。水利署稱掌握全省水資源是其職責，檢討計劃不代表建設。（李江龙编辑）

Japan, Tokyo, 東京

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

2014年3月，日本紀念福島核災3周年，3萬人上街頭遊行反核，反對政府的核電政策，遊行到國會附近。

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

許多鯊魚位科科斯島，這個小島是海洋保護區，當中吸引了不少鯊魚偷獵者。但是鯊魚的存在對海洋生態是非常重要的，所以環保主義者和科學家希望可以保育鯊魚。這是一部記錄人們如何尋找方法保護鯊魚的紀錄片，也拍下了人類捕獵鯊魚的過程。

Many sharks are located on Cocos Island, which is a marine reserve that attracts many shark poachers. While the existence of sharks is very important to marine ecology, so environmentalists and scientists hope to conserve sharks. This is a documentary that represents how people find ways to protect sharks, and also using the camera records the process of hunting sharks.

Canada

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

加拿大是亞洲以外最大的魚翅進口國，成為全球第二大的魚翅消費國。

其後加拿大通過了一項法例，立法禁止魚翅進出口，保護快將瀕臨絕種的鯊魚。

Canada is the largest shark fin importer outside Asia. And Canada is the second largest shark fin consumer in the world.

Then Canada set up law that banned the import and export of shark fins to protect sharks not to extinct.

(https://www.thenewslens.com/article/121023)

老挝東沙洪水電站

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

極危 —— 正在消失的巨型鯰魚 Nearly Extinction: The Mekong giant catfish

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

巨型鯰魚，世界上最大的淡水魚，是湄公河獨有的魚類品種。鯰魚的主要棲息地是在湄公河的主流域，以往於柬埔寨、緬甸、泰國與越南等地都能見到其蹤影，但現時已難以發現。

由於湄公河主流與支流不斷興建的水壩工程與水力發電站，阻擋了巨型鯰魚的遷移路線，不能自由地向上或向下游走，令他們繁殖受到影響並隔絕了魚類間的交雜。而大量的基建工程都排放大量二氧化碳與有害物質，污染河道水質，以致巨型鯰魚的數量在過去十年內減少近90%。WWF（世界自然基金會）曾在Xayaburi Dam興建前警告如果大壩成功建成，會對僅存的巨型鯰魚造成威脅，然而在研究出更好的方案前，老撾政府便開始動工了。現時，湄公河下游碩果僅存不足一百尾的鯰魚正面臨絕種的存亡危機。

The Mekong giant catfish is the largest freshwater fish and is endemic to the Mekong River. It is only can found in the mainstream of the Lower Mekong in Myanmar, Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. However, the dam project blocks the migration routines of the Mekong giant catfish and several larger size fish species. The scientists found that the population of the Mekong giant catfish was decreased by 90% in the last decades.

Resources:
https://wwf.panda.org/discover/our_focus/wildlife_practice/profiles/fish_marine/giant_catfish/

By Wu Shuk Yu

日本福島県

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

日本放送協會在311發生的一年後整理了311當日震災的強震和海嘯的映像記錄。

A short film of former Cambodians living by the Mekong River 以前的柬埔寨人在湄公河旁生活的短片

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

We could see the Cambodian rely so much on catching fishes as their business to maintain their own lives, which this kind of living style is sustaining til nowadays.

我們可以看到柬埔寨人如此依賴捕魚作為他們的事業來維持自己的生活，這種生活方式一直持續到今天。

日本东京都千代田区霞关 1 Chome−1−4東京地方法院

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

2019年9月19日，東京地方法院就東京電力公司三名高層（前會長勝俣恒久、前副社長武黒一郎與前副社長武藤栄），是否因業務上的過失造成福島第一核電廠事故發生死傷意外一事做出判決。一審判決結果，福島第一核電廠事故當時的三名東電高層獲判無罪。
檢方先前認為東京電力公司預測了發生巨大海嘯的可能性，但沒有採取應有對策，要求判處東京電力公司3名高管5年有期徒刑。
被告辯護律師則稱，被告無法預料到巨大海嘯，即使採取對策也無法防止事故發生。

The View of Mekong River Vietnam Delta 湄公河越南三角洲的景色

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

This is the view aross My Tho, Sa Dec and Cu Lao Gieng in Vietnam in 2019.

這是越南 2019 年橫跨My Tho、Sa Dec 和 Cu Lao Gieng 的景色。

日本东京都千代田区霞关 1 Chome−1−4東京地方法院

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

2019年9月，東京地方法院宣布了東京電力公司三名高層的無罪判決後，原告支持者在東京地方法院外進行了抗議。

Ton Le Sap Lake in Cambodia 柬埔寨洞里薩湖

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Cambodian living along the Mekong would catch fishes from the Ton Le Sap lake and sell it, but nowadays there are big fishing boats catching many fishes at a time, which makes the catch of fishes becomes harder than before. Besides, it also affect the biodiversity and the number of fishes in the lake, as there are not that many fishes being caught before, that the appear of huge fishing boats has broken the balance of nature.

住在湄公河沿岸的柬埔寨人會從洞里薩湖捕魚並出售，但現在有大漁船一次捕獲許多魚，這使得捕魚變得比以前更加困難。此外，也影響了湖中的生物多樣性和魚類的數量，因從前都從未曾有那麼大量的魚被抓走，所以巨大漁船的出現打破了自然的平衡。

Reference: https://www.thenewslens.com/article/59576

日本福岛县楢叶町波倉小浜作12, 福島第二原子力発電所

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

2011年3月11日當地時間14:46，在仙台市以東、核電站以北97公里處發生「東北地方太平洋地震」。
核電站的系統檢測到地震並自動關閉核反應堆。緊急柴油發電機開啟，以保持冷卻劑在堆芯周圍的泵送，即使反應堆停止工作後，堆芯仍十分炎熱。
不久後，14米左右（46英尺）高的海浪襲擊福島。水流淹沒防禦性海堤後淹沒核電站並衝毀應急發電機。
工人們趕緊恢復電力，但在隨後幾天，三個反應堆中的核燃料過熱導致部分堆芯融化。

Sanakham Dam 薩納坎水壩

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Sanakham Dam is under construction around 2 kilometres upstream from the border with Thailand.

It is located approximately 155 kilometres west of Vientiane, and is just two kilometres north of Thailand's border and between two delayed mainstream dam projects at Pak Lay and Pak Chom.

It is sixth dam project of Laos plan, to become the 'Battery of Asia'. The plan was submitted to the MRC in 2020 and it is prioritize in processing.

薩納坎水壩在泰國邊境上游約兩公里處。它位於萬像以西約 155 公里處，位於泰國邊境以北僅 2 公里處，位於 Pak Lay 和 Pak Chom 兩個延遲的主流大壩項目之間。

這是老撾在「亞洲電池」計劃中的第六座水壩，目前正優先被湄公河聯盟會通過計畫書。

Reference: https://laotiantimes.com/2021/09/22/new-indicative-ending-date-set-for-sanakham-dam-consultation/
https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2063777

日本群馬縣前桥市 Ōtemachi, 3 Chome−1−34 前橋地方裁判所

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

一萬兩千多名避難民眾提起訴訟，主張政府與經營福島核電廠的東京電力公司應負賠償責任。
2017年3月17日，群馬縣的前橋地方法院17日做出首次判決，認定日本政府與東電未能防範「可預見的事故」，應賠償62名原告共計3855萬日圓的慰撫金。

審判長原道子指出，政府在2002年的地震調査研究推進本部報告中，已經認定「包括福島近海在內，未來30年內發生引起巨大海嘯的強震機率約為20%」，東京電力公司在2008年也計算出了福島核電廠可能遭遇15.7公尺高海嘯，東電若依此事先將配電盤設置在高處，就不會發生配電盤浸水失效，造成緊急發電機無法運作，最終釀成爐心熔燬的核事故。

1. Narmada Dam Project Timeline

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

(YFC)

The biggest palm oil producer: Indonesia 最大的棕櫚油生產國：印尼

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Indonesia produces the most palm oil in the world. In 2019, Indonesia produced 58% (42.5 million tons) of global supply while Malaysia produced 29% (19 million tons). Palm oil production contributes to 4.5% of Indonesia’s GDP, providing 3 million job opportunities.

印尼生產全世界最多的棕櫚油。在2019年，印尼生產世界的 58% (4250萬噸)棕櫚油，而第二的馬來西亞僅生產 29% (1900萬噸)。棕櫚油佔印尼4.5%的本地生產總值，為當地提供三百萬就業機會。

中国山西省煤礦業的慢暴力

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

by Carol

中国山西出路

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

by Carol

中国山西礦業問題

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

（一）礦業秩序混亂、回採率低

據統計山西全省私開煤礦曾多達2728個，直接導致每年損失浪費資源7788萬噸。目前，全省煤礦資源平均回採率（即衡量採礦方法優劣的經濟指標）為40%左右，也導致大礦的實際壽命比設計時限縮短20%～30%。

（二）大氣污染

煤炭資源的高強度開採所產生的廢氣、粉塵，以及煤堆自燃和燃煤鍋爐煙塵，造成了嚴重的大氣環境污染。據統計，全省每年因燃煤排放，每km2大氣污染負荷為全國平均值的1.6倍，焦炭生產地區則高達6～10倍，煙塵排放量為全國平均值的7倍，SO2和顆粒物排放為全國平均值的6.5倍。山西己成為中國生態環境形勢最為嚴峻的省份之一和世界級的能源消耗污染區。與此同時，山西省城鄉肺癌、惡性腫瘤，各類呼吸道疾病、職業病的發病率和死亡率也都明顯增加。

(三)由於長期的煤炭開採，嚴重破壞了地質環境，同時也破壞了地下水資源的補給、徑流與排泄條件，造成地下含水層疏干、地表水系斷流、水質污染。此外，採煤過程中礦井排出的大量廢水，使地表水體受到嚴重污染。另外，據統計，山西省礦區面積累計已達8000km2，超過60%為採空區，引起嚴重地質災害的範圍超過40%，水土流失面積近土地總面積的70%。

柬埔寨

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

老挝

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Three Gorges Dam, Zigui County, Yichang, Hubei, China

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Location of Three Gorges Dam
1. 三峽分布在重慶市到湖北省宜昌

市的長江幹流上
2. 大壩位於長江三峽西陵峽內的宜昌市夷陵區三斗坪（長江上游段)

台湾台东县蘭嶼鄉蘭嶼

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

台灣如何處理低階核廢料

台湾新北市貢寮

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

記錄片

台湾高雄市美浓区台28線

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

該地舊為縣道184號所在地，同名紀錄片表現了交工樂隊如何運用客家傳統音樂與現代搖滾樂的結合形式充分動員民眾參與反水庫運動。（李江龍編輯）

Malaysia 3.3: 水土流失——帕索森林保護區的警示 Soil Erosion-- Warning form the Pasoh Forest Reserve

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

太多的野豬危害了周圍的森林

自20世紀80年代末以來，在Pasoh研究森林（1500英畝廣泛的原始森林，與一個大型保護區接壤）工作的科學家發現，森林的底層植被已經消失了。隨著時間的推移，研究人員發現，他們可以越來越輕鬆地穿越叢林，而不必砍伐幼苗和樹苗。這是一個非常令人擔憂的趨勢，因為這些幼小的樹苗代表著森林樹冠的未來。

有一個明顯的罪魁禍首：野豬。
它們咬斷樹苗來築巢，踐踏幼苗，攪亂土壤。

棕櫚油改變了生態環境系統

研究人員說，由於附近有大量的油棕櫚，無法控制的野豬數量正在破壞帕索森林的低層植被。

森林中隨處可見的野豬

帕索森林三面被油棕櫚種植園所包圍，油棕櫚的果實可長達25年。羅斯金懷疑帕索的野豬會去油棕櫚種植園吃掉落的果實，然後返回森林造成生態破壞。

大量的野豬會對環境造成很大的危害。它們破壞了成千上萬的樹木，攪亂了土壤，而且還因為它們會吃森林地面上的任何東西——種子、蛋、蜥蜴。它們的繁殖速度也比世界上任何其他大型動物都快，雌性野豬每年生產兩次，每次有9到12只小豬。以前的研究表明，在它們的高峰期，野豬可能會破壞該地區一半以上的樹苗。

Too many Wild boars harms surrounding forests

Since the late 1980s, scientists working in the Pasoh Research Forest (1500 acres of extensive primary forest bordering a large reserve) have found that the forest's understory vegetation has disappeared. Over time, researchers have found that they can traverse the jungle with increasing ease, without having to cut through seedlings and saplings. This is a very worrying trend, as these young saplings represent the future of the forest canopy.

There is an obvious culprit: wild boars.
They chew down saplings to build nests, trample on seedlings and stir up the soil.

Palm oil changing the Ecological System

Researchers said that the uncontrollable numbers of wild boars are destroying the lower vegetation of the Paso Forest because of the abundance of oil palm in the vicinity.

Wild boars everywhere in the forest

The Pasoh forest is surrounded on 3 sides by oil palm plantations, which can produce fruit for up to 25 years. Ruskin suspects that wild boar in Paso go to the oil palm plantations to eat the fallen fruit and then return to the forest causing ecological damage.

Large numbers of wild boar can be very harmful to the environment. They destroy thousands of trees and agitate the soil, but also because they will eat anything on the forest floor - seeds, eggs, lizards. They also reproduce faster than any other large animal in the world, with female wild boars giving birth twice a year, with nine to 12 piglets each time. Previous studies have shown that at their peak, wild boars are likely to damage more than half of all tree seedlings in the area.

資料來源 (Source)：

https://www.natgeomedia.com/environment/article/content-3210.html

--Chau Wai Yee, Wynee

湄公河興建水壩時間線

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

湄公河與水壩

湄公河，全長4350公里，橫跨亞洲六個國家：中、緬、寮、越、泰和柬，數以千萬人依靠湄公河的天然水資源而活。
1966年，泰國在湄公河支流興建第一座水壩。55年過去了，湄公河上現時超過800座水力發電站，於主流中亦有13座大壩。水壩的到來，大大影響著湄公河生態圈的運作。

老撾的經濟政策

自冷戰結束後，下游四國都紛紛致力脫貧，盼經濟急速發展。而當中，老撾對於水力發電更為重視。當時作為貧窮國家的老撾，沒有能力與技術選擇核能等大量發電方法，而亦缺乏煤礦等天然資源。坐擁泉湧澎湃河水的他們，水力發電似是唯一自給自足的出路。湄水河水壩極快改善了老撾整國人民電力供應問題，故於2010年起老撾改變政策。繼續大興土木，興建水壩，並決意將電力輸出國外，實行以電換錢。

慢暴力的浮現

由於興建水壩，會阻礙魚的繁殖與向上流空間，不少湄公河獨有的物種開始瀕臨絕種，捕漁量亦大幅下降。圖則右邊是湄公河過去與未來打算興建或已興建的水壩數量，而對比左側是湄公河生態的改變。慢暴力，不是一些可立竿見影的後果。環境學家Rob Nixon 認為慢性暴力（Slow Violence）指的是那些發生緩慢，時常被人所忽視的威脅。這種威脅超越時空的束縛，以隱性方式存在於日常生活中。以溫水煮蛙的方法對環境與人類造成損耗性的暴力(attritional violence)。由於慢暴力不能造成瞬時轟動性的反應，故而時常為人所忽視。但事實上，這些災害往往延續數代人，給人們與環境造成持續性的創傷。

人類世與湄公河

人類世並非是一個被肯可的地質概念，但卻形容得無比貼切。人類的一切活動，在分分秒秒間都影響著生態系統，改變世界面貌。各國政府在湄公河的大興土木，早已大幅改變河道的生態面貌。二十年後，湄公河的魚可能剩下不到兩成。乾旱、水位下降與物種滅絕，種種跡象都在反映人類的可恥。不足一百年，已經可以令湄公河整個生態圈失衡，其實人類世才是世紀「浩劫」。

The Mekong River and the Dams

Mekong river is the 12 longest river in the world which across six countries and thousands of million people live by the Mekong. Since 1966 Thailand government had built the first dam in the Mekong River. Around 805 dams were already constructed on the Mekong, and 212 dams are going to implement.

The economic policy of Laos PCR

After the period of the cold war, the Laos government was urged to boom up their economic growth and improve their livelihood. The first priority of building infrastructure is to solve the problem of unstable electricity supply. Instead of nuclear power needing high technical skills, constructing a hydro-power station is the most suitable solution for Laos. With the success of the Dams, the Laos government determined to build more dams to produce electricity for export to other countries.

The appearance of Slow Violence

The concept of slow violence is not familiar to the public as it is not a common issue that people easy to 'see'. Slow Violence is a concept created by Rob Nixon, which means violence that occurs gradually and out of sight. For example, building dams will not cause enormous consequences immediately, but if you see the timeline, you can find that the eco-crisis is appearing after 10-20 years. Slow violence is consistent and attritional violence that is dispersed across time and space.

Anthropocene and the Mekong River

Anthropocene is an unofficial geographical term, which means human activities have caused a series of climate changes and ecological damages since the late 20 century. Building dams in the Mekong is already changed the original ecological system and damage the balance of the ecological chain. The scientist predict the fish stock of the Mekong river will decrese by 40%- 80% in 2040.

Resources:
https://opendevelopmentmekong.net/topics/hydropower/

https://wle-mekong.cgiar.org/changes/our-research/greater-mekong-dams-observatory/

By Wu Shuk Yu

湄公河主流域的水壩圖 The Mekong Mainstream Dams

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

這張地圖清楚地顯示了湄公河主流域中大壩的數量與位置。中國在上游河段早已興建了11座水壩，未來亦會增加一至兩座。而老撾政府在2020年完成興建了兩座水壩Xayaburi與Don Sahong，未來有三個水壩已獲MRC的批准，正準備動工。反之，柬埔寨政府則推遲了在上游興建水壩的決定，留待2030年再觀察動工。

This map demonstrated the mainstream dams on the Mekong river, and China had already built 11 dams in the upper part of the river. In 2020 Laos completed the first two of its mainstream dams, the Xayaburi Dam and the Don Sahong Dam. Three others, Pak Beng, Pak Lay, and Luang Prabang have completed review processes examined by the Mekong River Commission.

Resources:
https://www.stimson.org/2020/mekong-mainstream-dams/

BY Wu Shuk Yu

Indonesia Palm Oil Guide

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

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Republic of Mozambique

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

這條影片紀錄了在環保組織工作的佘國豪到訪莫桑比克了解鯊魚現在面對的問題。

在莫桑比克便擁有7、80種的鯊魚品種，由於受到人類過度捕獵，鯊魚種類持續減少。

由於中國魚翅市場數量的增加，鯊魚成為被人類捕獵的目標。

This video represented She GuoHao, who works in an environmental organization, visited Mozambique to know more about what problems that the sharks are facing.

In Mozambique, there are around 80 shark species. Due to over-hunting by humans, shark species continue to decrease.

Due to the increase in the number of shark fin markets in China, sharks become the target of human hunting.

(https://podcast.rthk.hk/podcast/item.php?pid=510&eid=32666&year=2013&lang=en-US)

Chhattisgarh’s Hasdeo Arand forests, India

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

https://www.reuters.com/article/india-coal-protests-idUSL4N2R31IX
The biodiversity-rich Hasdeo Arand forests has huge coal reserves which the government looks to open up new mines and boost coal production in 2021.
具豐富生物多樣性的 Hasdeo Arand 森林因擁有巨大的煤炭儲量，而被政府打算於2021 年開闢新礦並提高煤炭產量

Background of Xayaburi 沙耶武里水壩背景

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Xayaburi Dam is the first run-of-river hydroelectric dam constructed on mainstream by Lao government and Thai private company Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT).
The construction of Xayaburi Dam did not reach a consensus on the Mekong River Commission, so according to 1995 Mekong Agreement between Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand, the dam should not be constructed.

However, Laos suddenly announced the project would be resumed in 2012, operated by a Thai developer CH. Karnchang, and a ceremony of dam construction was held. Lastly, Xayaburi dam has started the construction since 2012 March 15, and it is scheduled that the dam would be done by Oct 2019. However, the dam has not been done yet.

沙耶武里水壩是老撾政府和泰國私營公司泰國發電局（EGAT）在主流河道上建造的第一座河流水電大壩。

沙耶武里大壩的建設並沒有得到湄公河委員會（成員包括老撾、柬埔寨、越南和泰國）上達成共識，因此根據1995年的湄公河協定，老撾不應建設私自大壩。

然而，老撾2012年卻突然宣布該項目將恢復，由泰國私人開發商CH負責此項工程。 Karnchang，並舉行了大壩建設儀式。最後，沙耶武里大壩於 2012 年 3 月 15 日開始動工，並預計2019年10月會啟用，但目前都尚未完成建設。

Comment on Laos' action (Political)

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

original text: https://www.cfr.org/blog/southeast-asia-big-dams-raise-big-concerns

Project 2049 Institution is a group focusing on Asian research. They have been aware of the issue in Mekong for a long period of time, and Prashanth Parameswaran, a member of the institution commented that the Laos government was ignoring the side-effect brought by constructing dams, which would affect tens of millions of people and the nature.

Protest of Cambodia 柬埔寨的示威

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

After Cambodia and Vietnam voiced concerns about the project, Lim Kean Hor, head of Cambodia's Mekong River Commission, an organization that is monitoring the construction of Xayaburi Dam every year, told America-funded VOA on Saturday that the committee wanted to see clearly what "Laos is doing up there." And a group of fifty villagers filed a complaint to a Thai court at the protesting their country's electricity consumption from the long-disputed project.

在柬埔寨和越南對該項目表示擔憂後，柬埔寨湄公河委員會負責人林建河週六告訴美國資助的美國之音，該委員會希望清楚地看到“老撾正在那裡做。”一群 50 名村民向泰國法院提起訴訟，抗議他們國家因長期存在爭議的項目消耗電力。

Reference: https://www.dw.com/en/xayaburi-dam-project-proceeds-as-protest-grows/a-16203873

Protesting of Xayaburi Dam in Vietnam 越南沙耶武里大壩抗議

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

As the construction of Xayaburi Dam, and also the other future 10 dams were planned without the agreement of other Mekong countries, so the environmentalist, the government from Vietnam and Cambodia had accused Laos publicly for their unreasonable judgements, and the villagers around Vietnam and Cambodia had been protesting on the river, to show their disagreement towards Xayaburi Dam.

由於沙耶武里大壩的建設，以及未來其他10座大壩的建設，都沒有得到其他湄公河國家的同意，因此越南和柬埔寨的環保人士公開指責老撾的無理判斷，以及越南和柬埔寨周邊的村民一直在河上抗議，以表明他們對沙耶武里大壩的分歧。

Reference: https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1131012/vietnam-and-cambodia-hit-back-landmark-laos-dam

Protest towards Ch. Karnchang at the company headquarter 在CH Karnchang曼谷公司總部門外的示威

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Thai civil society groups and community representatives from villages along the Mekong River inside Thailand traveled hundreds of miles to make their voices heard. They were holding some slogans and crops just like fishes, to show their stance and opinion, and also the caring towards the environment. Therefore, they were not only voicing for themselves, but also the nature, the animals around the Mekong.

來自泰國境內湄公河沿岸村莊的泰國民間社會團體和社區代表跨過數萬里，來到曼谷市中心的CH Karnchang公司總部門外，以示威行動表達自己的聲音。他們舉著一些標語和像魚的道具，以表明他們的立場和意見，以及對環境的關懷。因此，他們不僅在為自己發聲，也在為湄公河周圍的大自然、動物發聲。

Reference: https://archive.internationalrivers.org/blogs/263/protestors-condemn-ch-karnchang-over-xayaburi-dam-construction

Thai villagers filed a lawsuit to EGAT and Thai Government Administrative 泰國村民向EGAT和泰國政府行政部門提起訴訟

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

In August 2012, a group of 30 villagers filed a lawsuit in Thailand’s Administrative Court against Thai government agencies, including the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), the National Energy Policy Council, and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. However, in February 2013, the Administrative Court of Thailand denied jurisdiction to hear the case because the plaintiffs could not be considered injured persons, and the court did not deem the conclusion of the Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) to be an administrative act. The plaintiffs filed an appeal in March 2013.

2012 年 8 月，30 名村民在泰國行政法院對泰國政府機構，包括泰國電力局 (EGAT）、國家能源政策委員會和自然資源與環境部提起訴訟。但於2013 年 2 月，泰國行政法院以原告不能被視為受害人為由，駁回了審理此案的管轄權，法院不認為能源購買協議(PPA) 是一項行政行為。原告於 2013 年 3 月提出上訴。

Reference: https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/xayaburi-dam-lawsuit-re-laos-thailand/

Prime Minister of Vietnam accused Laos openly on second Mekong River Commission (MRC) summit 越南總理在湄公河委員會（MRC）第二次峰會上公開指責老撾

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Speaking at the opening of the second Mekong River Commission (MRC) summit in Ho Chi Minh City in April, Prime Minister Dung said Laos was violating the 1995 Mekong Agreement, by which any mainstream project requires prior consultation. He tries to maintain cordial diplomatic relations with his fellow Mekong River Commission Council and Asean members, while at the same time ratcheting up pressure for a halt to construction of the giant US$3.8 billion,1,285 megawatt Xayaburi hydropower project and the smaller but equally controversial 260 megawatt Don Sahong dam, the dams on the mainstream of the lower Mekong in Laos.

2014年4 月，在胡志明市舉行的第二屆湄公河委員會 (MRC) 峰會開幕式上，越南的鄧總理表示老撾違反了 1995 年《湄公河協定》。根據該協定，任何主流項目都需要事先協商。他試圖與湄公河委員會成員和東盟成員保持友好的外交關係，同時加大壓力，要求停止建設耗資 38 億美元、1,285 兆瓦的沙耶武里水電項目和規模較小但同樣備受爭議的 260兆瓦東沙洪大壩，老撾湄公河下游主流上的大壩。

Referece: https://chinadialogue.net/en/energy/7032-vietnam-demands-halt-to-mekong-dams/

News for empowering the essence of Xayaburi Dam done by Al Jazeera English (Sponsored by Qatar Government)

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The video interviewed some foreigners, which seemingly wanted to discuss the issue from international perspectives, that the reporter Wayne Hay from New Zealand seemed to be justifying the construction of Xayaburi Dam, that how controversial the environmental impact of Xayaburi Dam is. However, as Al Jazeera is sponsored by Qatar Government, who has a relatively friendly relationship with the Laos, the interview had shown biased some opinions which was supporting the construction of dam. Although they have interviewed Toshiyuki Doi, a Japanese researcher from Mekong Watch, who doesn't support Xayaburi Dam. Other interviewers are Viraphonh Viravong, Vice Minister of Energy and Mines of Laos Government, the Chief of a village, who claimed that they were having a better life right now, the construction of dam is vital. Therefore, there were not enough information for the counter perspective, which made the video tended to make the audience believe the building of dams were good.

Critique towards Laos' Dam Construction done by Singapore public media Mediacorp 新加坡公共媒體Mediacorp對老撾大壩建設的批評

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The video intended to present an local perspectives: Thai researchers and villagers are interviewed, no Singaporean has shown up in the video.

該視頻旨在呈現當地觀點：採訪泰國研究人員和村民，而視頻中沒有新加坡人出現。

However, as Singapore is a republic country, so it tended to show the justification towards capitalism. Besides, Singapore also has a high awareness in environmental issue, that they have set many policies to protect the environment, so it is believed that the presenting environmental issue of other countries helped them with educating the public about the sense of protecting the environment.

但是，由於新加坡是共和國家，所以它傾向於表現出走向資本主義的正當性。此外，新加坡在環境問題上也有很高的意識，他們制定了許多保護環境的政策，因此相信其他國家提出的環境問題有助於他們教育公眾保護環境的意識。

以電脫貧——老撾的能源發展政策 The Strategic of Laos energy development policy

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

背景

為改善戰後經濟，老撾於1995年時重新制定經濟計劃，以脫貧為首要目標，展開一連串基建工程的經濟活動。而要有基建，必先有電。

水力發電與民生

水力發電，是老撾現時佔比最大的電力來源，佔超過8成。現時，老撾興建超過78座水壩，有246個尚待興建。老撾政府頻繁地興建水壩，將老撾的電力普及率由1995年不足4分1有電可用，提升到2014年時已接近百分百人有電可用。

「亞洲電芯」的鴻圖大計

雖然，人人有電可用。但在2010年起，老撾便立志成為「亞洲電芯」，向亞洲各國輸出電力以換取經濟增長，當中以泰國為最大出口國。現時，老撾每年的國家生產總值大約是6.2%, 於發展中國家而言，成績十分亮眼。而工業增長最為顯著，有8.3%。未來，老撾亦會向新加坡和馬來西亞輸出電力，成為「東協電網」的發電樞鈕，一步一步邁向「亞洲電芯」的目標進發。

Background

To improve the post-war economic growth, the Laos government decided to reform their economic development strageic. Being wealthy became the highest priority. Laos government started to construct various infrastructure projects to push up the economic growth. However, supporting the enormous economic activities consume huge demand for electricity.

Livelihood and electricity

Hydro-power accounted for the largest proportion of Laos's energy power, which is over 80%. According to the report, Laos built over 78 dams, and remind 246 are scheduled. Owing to the Laos government having constantly built dams since 1995, the electricity supply had a significant improvement. Over 95% of residents in Laos are available to use electricity.

Battery of Asia

Even so, the Laos government does not stop building the hydro-power station as they changed the plan again. In 2010, they started to set an ambitious target for themselves, "the battery of Asia". Laos aimed to sell electricity to other Asian countries to create extra income. Thailand is the biggest import country right now, and future they are planning to sell to Singapore and Malaysia.

Resource：
https://portal.stpi.narl.org.tw/index?p=article&id=4b1141ea74c50fcd0174d7ca19201906

By WSY

台湾屏东新园乡東港溪攔河堰

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

美濃和高雄的主要供水來源。當地居民認為，與其修建美濃水庫或吉洋人工湖，不如著力改善該地水質和廢水回收利用。

台灣台北中正区中山南路立法院

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

2015年由於高屏缺水狀況，水利署提出只要八成高雄民眾同意，便修建美濃水庫，引發美濃民眾北上抗議，立法院內藍綠立法委員也發生爭執，經濟部則表示暫無此預算。（李江龙编辑）

台湾台北市中正区凱達格蘭大道

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

台湾旗山溪

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

客家新聞雜誌第440集「美濃水庫，爭議再起」

影片內容
2015年，臺灣政府突然重新提起「美濃水庫」計畫，美濃鄉親認爲經濟部在缺水的時間點上重提水庫是假議題，其真正目的是打算讓作爲美濃水庫替代方案的「高屏大湖」興建案起死回生。

影片之中美濃人對於高屏大湖的回應
１.美濃地下水位高，若「高屏大湖」啓動將要挖十二公尺深，必定會破壞地下水資源
２.引用學者的說法，指出使用湖泊蓄水的方案效率並不高

美濃人提出的水資源方案
１.改善漏水問題
２.開發利用伏流水（即地下水）
３.改善水質
４.可以利用盜採砂石留下的坑洞作爲現成的人工湖。

Provided by Pang Sze Lung

Clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pmd6KugbDe8

台湾高雄市美浓区黃蝶翠谷

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Provided by Pang Sze Lung

參考文獻
洪馨蘭（2012）。〈記憶地景作為客庄保存與社區營造的動態生成：以「美濃黃蝶祭」為例的討論〉。《高雄文獻》，2（1）。

台湾高雄市美浓区雙溪樹木園

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Provided by Pang Sze Lung

參考文獻

洪馨蘭（2012）。〈記憶地景作為客庄保存與社區營造的動態生成：以「美濃黃蝶祭」為例的討論〉。《高雄文獻》，2（1）。

06_Why So Difficult To Stop Using Coal?

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

One of the main difficulty to abandon coal is MILLIONS of home still in lack of electricity connection in India

放棄煤炭的主要困難之一是印度仍有數以百萬計的家庭缺乏基本電力供應

https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/10/08/india-coal-energy-climate-summit-renewable-solar-wind-electricity/

Xayaburi Dam, Laos

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

water level rises will cause flooding -> inundation of farmland & crops
number of fish dropped significantly -> affected livelihood of fishermen, biodiversity decreases, ecosystem disturbed

Xayaburi Dam, Laos

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Xayaburi Dam timeline

Xayaburi Dam, Laos

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Xayaburi Dam timeline

Laos

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Criticisms on the EIA of Xayaburi Dam:
1) Inadequate involvement of affected communities in consultation process
2) Negative impacts on fish species:
the giant, imperiled fish of the lower Mekong River
Extinction of Mekong’s two largest freshwater fish species, the Mekong Giant Catfish and the Giant Pangasius
3) Unclear and incomplete analysis on impacts on water quality, aquatic ecology, fisheries and public health
4) Neglect the eco-hydrological impacts on communities located upstream and downstream of the dam

智利

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

斷頭斬尾掏空內臟智利海灘驚見17條瀕危尖吻鯖鯊殘屍

在智利港口城市安托弗加斯塔（Antofogasta）的沙灘一處垃圾堆中，近日發現了17條頭及尾部遭割去的尖吻鯖鯊（shortfin mako shark）屍體，當中有部份甚至是身長不到4.9尺（約1.5米）的幼鯊。

尖吻鯖鯊早已被國際自然保育聯盟（Union for Conservation of Nature）列入紅皮書，屬瀕臨滅絕的物種，一般成年的尖吻鯖鯊可生長至13米，泳速高達時速74公里。

在智利，把鯊魚的魚鰭割去後丟棄是屬於虐待動物的違法行為。

In a garbage dump on the beach of the Chilean port city of Antofogasta, there are 17 shortfin mako sharks corpses with their removed heads and tails were recently discovered. Also, there is a young shark less than 4.9 feet (about 1.5 meters) in length.

The shortfin mako shark has been listed in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (Union for Conservation of Nature). It is an endangered species. Generally, adult shortfin mako sharks can grow up to 13 meters and swim at up to 74 kilometers per hour.

In Chile, cutting off the fins of sharks and discarding them is an illegal act of cruelty to animals.

(https://www.hk01.com/熱爆話題/547831/慎入-斷頭斬尾掏空內臟-智利海灘驚見17條瀕危尖吻鯖鯊殘屍)

Brazil, 里約熱內盧州

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

在巴西首都里約熱內盧的海灘，有示威者抗議捕殺鯊魚來製造魚翅。

在旅遊勝地科帕卡巴納海灘，有魚沙雕和近1000塊假的鯊魚鰭。這些沙雕和假鯊魚鰭是由示威者刻意安排以喚起大家關注捕殺鯊魚和割鰭製造魚翅的問題。他們更在附近派發單張和講解，更以橫額寫上要求日本、中國和台灣停止獵殺當地鯊魚的字句。

Some demonstrators protested against the killing of sharks to make shark fins on the beaches of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.

In the tourist resort of Copacabana Beach, there are fish sand sculptures and nearly 1,000 fake shark fins. These sand sculptures and fake shark fins were deliberately arranged by the demonstrators to call attention to the problem of shark hunting and fin cutting to make shark fins. They also distributed leaflets and explain the issues to others. Besides, they wrote some quotes on the banners that require Japan, China and Taiwan to stop hunting local sharks.

(https://hk.epochtimes.com/news/2010-11-22/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E9%AF%8A%E9%9B%95%E7%A4%BA%E5%A8%81%E5%8F%8D%E6%8D%95%E9%AF%8A%E8%A3%BD%E9%AD%9A%E7%BF%85-47753261)

Maharashtra, India

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Energy Minister Nitin Raut announced that no new coal plants would be set up since 2020
能源部長 Nitin Raut宣布，印度馬哈拉施特拉邦將由2020起，不再建設新的火力發電機組。

https://ieefa.org/indian-state-of-maharashtra-says-no-to-new-thermal-power-plants-pushes-renewables/

4. Madhya Pradesh, Effect and resettlement

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

(Yeung Fong Ching )
1. https://goois.net/2-the-narmada-death-of-a-river-water.html
2. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/narmada-hilsa-dying-out-as-dam-flow-diminishes/articleshow/63020600.cms
3. https://sardarsarovardam.org/forest-conservation-program.aspx

10. Gujarat, slow violence (environment & ppl)

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

(YFC)

10. Songs of the NBA

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

the song is generated by the activists along with the tribal people working there. The participation is mass scale.
(YFC)

But everything changes when the palm oil company comes… 但一切都隨着棕櫚油公司的到來而改變了。

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Palm oil is everywhere! 棕櫚油無處不在!

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Oil palm trees originated from Africa and were brought to South-East Asia 100 years ago. Almost 50% of packaged food contains palm oil ー ice cream, pizza, chocolate. It is also a common ingredient found in cosmetics and is sometimes used as a source of biofuel.
8 things to know about palm oil | WWF

棕櫚油源自於非洲，並在一百年前互入到東南亞。市面上差不多五成的包裝食物都含有棕櫚油，包括雪糕、薄餅和朱古力。棕櫚油亦是常見的化妝品成分，有時更會用左生物柴油的燃料。

What is the problem of palm oil in Indonesia? 棕櫚油有問題嗎?

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

To have mass productions of palm oil, the Indonesian government sells lands that are originally forests or peatlands to palm oil companies. While the lives of the local communities are largely affected, the degradation of forests prompts huge environmental problems.

為了大量生產棕櫚油，印尼政府大量販賣森林用地給棕櫚油公司，當地居民和環境都大受影響。

USA

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

5. Natural/man-made disasters after the dam was built (2005+2020)

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

1. https://www.modernpowersystems.com/news/newsdeath-toll-rises-at-narmada-dam
2. https://thediplomat.com/2018/10/indias-relentless-movement-to-save-the-narmada-river-and-a-peoples-livelihood/
3. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/heavy-discharge-causes-deluge-in-narmada/articleshow/77858703.cms

(YFC)

The local Dayak communities 當地達雅族

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

"The forest is our friend. The forest provides what we need and we protect the forest."

The indigenous groups living in Borneo are generally regarded as Dayak. The Dayak people have a close connection with the forest. They follow traditional rituals that allow them to live with the forest sustainably.

「森林是我們的朋友，森林提供我們一切所需，而我們則保護森林。」

在加里曼丹島居住的原居民一般稱作達雅族。達雅族和森林有着緊密的關係，他們跟從傳統習按，有持續性地和森林相處。

Click on the video to see what they say!

More on the story of Dayak

台湾高雄市美濃廣林

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

美濃反水庫運動時間線https://padlet.com/sfs141083/xn4ph4wkd7d8f2ny

Provided by Pang Sze Lung and Li Jiang Long

Environmental impacts 環境問題

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The palm oil companies have to clear the lands before the plantation which always leads to forest fires. The replacement of forest also leads to the decrease of biodiversity and loss of natural habitats. The natural forests along with the wild animals are gone, replaced by large scale monoculture plantations.

棕櫚油公司在種植前需要燒地，經常會因處理不當而引起森林大火。被取代的森林亦會減低生物多樣性。原始森林和動慢逐漸消失，取而代之的是大規模的單一作物。

More on Social and Environmental impacts

The damage on the local livelihood 破壞居民生活和文化

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

“When We Lost the Forest, We Lost Everything”

Once their lands are taken away, the indigenous people can hardly maintain their traditional living style and make a living from the forest. They need to work or consume the forest resources to earn income in order to buy food. Little indigenous people are benefited from the palm oil industry while most of them struggle with poverty, food security and water pollution.

失去了自己的地，原居民將難以延續傳統習俗和以森林自給自足。他們需要工作或是販賣森林資源來得到足夠的糧食。只有少數原住民會從棕櫚油得益，大多人都會經歷貧窮、潔淨食水問題和糧倉危機等問題。

Land conflicts 土地紛爭

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Dayaks usually do not hold legal land ownerships. Some lands are taken away by force or by the false promises of palm oil companies. Some Dayaks also realised the environmental and social problems prompted by the palm oil industry and they protest to fight against the palm oil giants.

達雅族一般沒有正式土地擁有權，部分土地被強硬奪走，亦有部分居民被說服賣地。一些達雅族意識到棕櫚油對生態和社區的影響，努力對抗棕櫚油公司。

More on conflicts

Administrative Court of Thailand, Thanon Chaeng Watthana, Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The Network of Thai People in Eight Mekong Provinces submitted evidence of the negative impacts Xayaburi dam had on the ecosystem and fisheries.

Three Gorges Dam, Zigui County, Yichang, Hubei, China

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Chiang Khong District, 清萊泰国

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Poster designed By Pau Wai Ying

BOX 9

藝術家 Disorn Duangdao在泰國舉辦的個人展覽 “Interbeing (Light Travels From The Past)”。他目睹清萊湄公河從泥褐色變為海藍色。儘管這條藍色河流在遊客看來很漂亮，實際上中國的大壩的阻礙使下游沉積物和養分不斷減少。

另外，河流變得乾涸，甚至可以看到河床的岩石。 Disorn Duangdao 用石頭上的岩石紋理塗上棕色木炭，然後擦到紙上。作品名為《湄公河中心的岩石》。

展覽包括繪畫、雕塑、裝置等藝術形式。大部分的大多數藝術品都與湄公河有關。雕塑“美麗如光輝的太陽的小島”作為主要展品，由回收鋁製成。它的靈感來自湄公河中一塊被漩渦侵蝕的岩石。

Artist Disorn Duangdao's solo exhibition "Interbeing (Light Travels From The Past)" was held in Thailand. He aware the River in Chiang Rai change from brown to blue. Although this blue river looks beautiful to tourists. In fact, the obstruction of China's dams has reduced sediment and nutrients of the river.

In addition, the river has dried up, and the rocks on the riverbed can be seen. Disorn Duangdao painted brown charcoal on the stone surface and rubbed it on the paper. The work is titled "Rocks in the Center of the Mekong River".

The exhibition includes paintings, sculptures, installations and other art forms. Most of the works are related to the Mekong River. The sculpture "Island as Beautiful as the Shining Sun" is the main exhibit and is made of recycled aluminum. It was inspired by a rock eroded by a whirlpool in the Mekong River.

sources: https://aura-asia-art-project.com/en/exhibitions/interbeing-light-travels-from-the-past-by-disorn-duangdao-gallery-ver/

福隆沙灘裸體反核「NO NUKE」

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

在台灣環境保護聯盟的帶領下，20位志願參與者以背部全裸、三點不露的方式，表達「寧裸不核」的堅定意念。20位參與者（19男、1女）完成彩繪後，趴在溫暖潮濕的沙灘上，用身體排列成的「NO NUKE」字樣。

2009諾努客

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

諾努客之鐵馬影展
諾努客之環境音樂會暨在地市集

中国山西鏡頭下的山西煤礦

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Chasnala mining disaster

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The Chasnala mining disaster was the the worst-ever disaster in the history of mining in India that happened on 27 December 1975 in a coal mine in Chasnala near Dhanbad in the Indian state of Jharkhand. An explosion in the mine followed by flooding killed 375 miners.

1975年發生的採煤災難，造成375名採煤工人身亡。

NICHOLAS

A “do or die” agitation against coal pollution in Odisha

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

受空氣污染持續困擾近十年的居民發起示威。當地的燃煤公司承諾將會改善並處理民眾的問題。

Villagers near the Kulda opencast mine in Odisha’s Hemgiri block, Sundargarh district, have been suffering from coal pollution for over a decade. In January 2021, the villagers launched a “do or die” agitation. Mahanadi Coalfields Limited has promised that the issues voiced by the community will be addressed.

NICHOLAS

Three Gorges Dam, Zigui County, Yichang, Hubei, China

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

南臺灣廢核大遊行

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

309廢核大遊行

台湾台中市西区公益路台中市民廣場

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

309廢核大遊行
中臺灣廢核大遊行 (3萬人)

台湾台东县蘭嶼鄉的 952台電核能後端營運處蘭嶼貯存場

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201911220097.aspx

Three Gorges Dam, Zigui County, Yichang, Hubei, China

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Xayaburi Dam, Laos

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

日本的核能背景與311 時間線

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Baja California, Mexico

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The amount of sharks being killed for their fins in here is considerably high.

04_AQI Comparison

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

不同首都的年均 PM2.5 濃度 (µg/m³)比較

沙耶武里大壩的簡介 The Basic Information of Xayaburi Dam

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Resources：
https://www.rfa.org/english/news/laos/xayaburi-06182013164824.html

By Cherie & Wu Shuk Yu

Resettlement of Houay Soi Village

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The villagers in Houay Soi need to move away due to the construction of Xayaburi Dam. As Laos is a communist state, the people do not have rooms for rejection and rebellion, so they could only follow. Sue Perkins (an UK TV presenter) had visited the village, and many government officers followed her to the village. She could only talked to one villager, and the others are developers of the project. Besides, the Laos government provided translator for her, just in case the villagers said something wrong.

The Thai private company has provided electricity and jobs for these resettled villagers, but it is believed that it would take away Laos' traditional unique culture and living style, as they are stepping into materialistic world. Besides, as building dams has required professional skills, so the workers from Laos and Thais do not have equal wages. Also, as the villagers could no longer catch fish from the Mekong, problem of food insecurity is also severe.

More information: https://archive.internationalrivers.org/blogs/267/ch-karnchang-already-causing-food-insecurity-near-xayaburi-dam-site

Trading between Thai and Laos 泰國和老撾之間的貿易

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Laos is the poorest country among Mekong region, so the government would like to develop economy, in order to enhance the living of people and gain profit to the country. Laos promised that 95% of energy provided by Xayaburi Dam would be given to Thailand, as they still have another 10 dams. They could earn money via selling electricity, and on the other hand, develop sustainable energy.

老撾是湄公河地區最貧窮的國家，因此政府希望發展經濟，以改善人民的生活並為國家謀取利益。老撾承諾沙耶武里大壩會提供的95%的能源將提供給泰國，因為他們還有另外10座水壩。他們一方面可以通過賣電賺錢，另一方面可以開發可持續能源。

Endangered Animals 頻臨絕種動物: The Irrawaddy Dolphin 伊河海豚

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) symbolizes the magnificence of the Mekong River and its continued high biodiversity. It also represents the new generation, that how would people get alone with the wild animals.

伊河海豚象徵著湄公河的壯麗及其持續的高度生物多樣性。它也代表了新一代，人們將如何與野生動物相處。

In order to protect them from extinction, Cambodian conservationist Touch Seang Tana taught the fishermen to use other gear to catch fishes, and also, develop tourism rather than just catching fishes. They could drive the boat and bring the tourists to see the Irrawaddy dolphin and Mekong, which is a good way to earn money, and gives a reason for the fishermen to change their way in earning money.

為了保護它們免於滅絕，柬埔寨環保主義者Touch Seang Tana教導漁民使用其他漁具捕魚，並發展旅遊業，而不僅僅是捕魚。他們可以開船，帶遊客去看伊洛瓦底江海豚和湄公河，對於漁民而言，這次是一個很好的賺錢方式，因此更加有理由去引誘他們跟從。

Malaysia 2.1: What Happened in the Gunung Mulu National Park?

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

https://padlet.com/venuscheng000/5p7su08hjsdhau4n

湾仔港湾道香港藝術中心

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Pau Wai Ying Box 10

Children of the Mekong與香港藝術中心合辦展覽《湄公河──新的神話》。邀請十九位亞洲地區的藝術家參與，以多元的形態來構築湄公河的面貌。

「這次展覽通過慈善的方式來幫助孩子。嘗試通過藝術讓參觀者了解東南亞地區的狀況，吸引更多人關注。」

菲律賓藝術家Alfredo and Isabel Aquilizan的作品《InHabit》通過水來勾勒菲律賓小孩在小房子裏生活的狀況，展示湄公河周遭生命的脆弱。

《Mekong Mud Man 》由藝術家Pimali拍攝湄公河的荒蕪之景。

Children of the Mekong and the Hong Kong Arts Center organized an exhibition "The Mekong River-A New Myth". Invite 19 artists to participate in the construction of the feature of Mekong River in multiple forms.

"This exhibition helps children through charity. Try to use art to let visitors understand the situation in Southeast Asia and attract more people's attention."

The work "InHabit" by Philippine artists Alfredo and Isabel Aquilizan uses water to outline the living conditions of Filipino children in small houses, showing the fragility of life around the Mekong River.

"Mekong Mud Man" was photographed by the artist Pimali on the barren scene of the Mekong River.

資料來源：https://www.mpweekly.com/culture/apichatpong-%e6%b9%84%e5%85%ac%e6%b2%b3-%e8%97%9d%e8%a1%93-32383

美國華盛頓州

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Pau Wai Ying Box 11

史密森尼民俗節（Smithsonian Folklife Festival）

每年於華盛頓舉行的民俗節。2007年就以湄公河作主題，展現河流如何成為湄公河地區人民共同象徵意義和藝術表達、探討了湄公河地區地理、環境、種族和文化的多樣性。組織者和數十名湄公河地區研究人員由 2004 年開始進行了導致藝術節的實地考察，理解湄公河地區人民共享某些核心文化價值觀。

Folklore festival held in Washington every year. In 2007, the

festival base on Mekong river and the culture of countries along the river. It shown how the river became the common symbolic meaning and artistic expression of the people of the Mekong River region, and to explore the geographical, environmental, ethnic and cultural diversity of the region. Organizers and researchers have conducted field trips since 2004 to understand that people in the Mekong region share certain core cultural values.

Source: https://festival.si.edu/past-program/2007/mekong-river-connecting-cultures

Malaysia 3.1: 水污染——你能看到水面顏色的不同嗎？ Water Pollution -- Can you see the differences of the water colors?

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

「我們要如何在這種環境生存？」

清潔的來自梅里諾河。渾濁的來自於圖托河。

殺蟲劑的污染

無形的伐木活動留下了明顯的痕跡。河流上游到處都是伐木活動。

"So, How can we survive like this?"

The clean comes from river Melinau.

The muddy comes form the Tutoh River.

Pollution by Pesticides

Invisible logging activities leave distinct traces.
Upriver are logging activities everywhere.

資料來源 (Source)：

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5lvceAajz0&t=282s

--Chau Wai Yee, Wynee

Malaysia 3.4: 氣候變化 ——來自婆羅洲的警告 Climate Change -- Warning from the Borneo

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

過去60年來，1950年代起，婆羅洲大面積森林被砍伐，大部分用於油棕種植園，這導致氣溫升高，降水量減少。

棕櫚油，一種「乾渴的植物」

最近在自然界進行的一項研究表明，油棕櫚樹每月需要約167毫米（6.6英吋）的降雨量，並表明該作物不喜歡29至33攝氏度以上的溫度。

婆羅洲可能從濕潤氣候變為乾燥氣候

如果森林消失，土壤和植被中的水更有可能被剝離到當地的河流中，並被帶入大海，而不是作為當地的降雨被回收。

產量的下降可能會鼓勵油棕櫚種植園的進一步擴大，可能會以犧牲更多的森林為代價，從而使問題更加嚴重。

Over the past 60 years, since the 1950s, large areas of Borneo have been deforested, mostly for oil palm plantations, which has led to a climate change in higher temperatures and less precipitation.

Palm oil, a "thirsty plant"

A recent study in nature that showed that oil palm trees need about 167 millimetres (6.6 inches) of rainfall per month and showed that the crop does not like temperatures above 29 to 33 degrees Celsius.

Borneo could change from a humid climate to a dry climate

If forests are lost, the water in the soil and vegetation is more likely to be stripped away to local rivers and carried out to sea rather than being recycled as local rainfall.

Declining yields may encourage further expansion of oil palm plantations, possibly at the expense of more forest, thus exacerbating the problem.

資料來源 (Source)：

https://cn.mongabay.com/2019/04/%E7%A0%8D%E4%BC%90%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E9%9B%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%87%8F%E5%B0%91%EF%BC%81%E4%BE%86%E8%87%AA%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E8%AD%A6%E7%A4%BA/

--Chau Wai Yee, Wynee

福島第二原子力発電所示威行動

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

https://padlet.com/1155142183/12l3n2huhv9396oehttps://padlet.com/1155142183/12l3n2huhv9396oe

Malaysia 4: Let's Know More about Palm Oil!

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

09_ More Coal Plants Are Under Construction

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

https://www.barrons.com/news/india-s-modi-lays-foundations-for-renewable-energy-megapark-01608042915?mod=article_inline

India launched renewable energy project
印度啟動可再生能源項目

https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2104191

Carbon Tracker pointed that India is going to build 92 more coal plants。
Carbon Tracker指出印度打算增建92座燃煤電廠。

05_Development of New Coal Plants in India

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The chart shows the power generation from NEW coal plants in India from 2000 to 2020.

上述圖表顯示了由 2000 年至 2020 間，印度每年新建成的燃煤電廠的發電量。

Three Gorges Dam, 秭归县宜昌市湖北省中国

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

15_ We Are Able To Change! - Rapid Decrease of PM2.5 Concentration after COVID

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

印度的平均PM2.5濃度在新冠疫情來襲後大幅下跌。

https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-romania-stateless/2021/03/d8050eab-2020-world_air_quality_report.pdf

07_Comparison of Coal Consumption among different countries

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Data provided by IEA.
各國的煤炭消耗量比較

08_Timeline on Energy Policy of India

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Why does India come to a standhill?
何以印度裹足不前？

台湾高雄市美濃區廣林

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

台湾高雄市美浓区雙溪樹木園

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Malaysia 3.2: 瀕危物種的長期存活 The Long-Term Survival of Endangered Species

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

公園和文萊原始森林之間的重要野生動物走廊。

瀕危物種

棲息地破碎化對遺傳多樣性有很大影響，並威脅到瀕危物種的長期生存：

紅毛猩猩
蘇門答臘象
婆羅洲象
蘇門答臘犀
蘇門答臘虎

An important wildlife corridor between the park and the primary forest of Brunei.

Endangered species

Habitats fragmentation has a strong impact on genetic diversity and threatens the long-term survival of endangered species:

Orangutan
Sumatran Elephant
Bornean Pygmy Elephant
Sumatran Rhino
Sumatran Tiger

資料來源 (Source)：

https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/endangered-species-threatened-by-unsustainable-palm-oil-production

-- Chau Wai Yee, Wynee

「誰是真相」——沙耶里武大壩的羅生門事件簿 The Rashomon of Xayaburi Dam

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Xayaburi大壩是爭議性極其高的議題，除了因為它是第一個於湄公河下游興建的水壩，亦是因為他的整個興建過程都存在多種論述，各國爭持不下。有人說要推延十年，有人又認為是刻不容緩，在多國都各執一詞之際，水壩最終仍是落成了。究竟原因何在？這條時間軸整理了由2007-2012五年間關於Xayaburi Dam的重大事件，雖然整合了各方持份者的論述，但是誰控制了話說權？誰又在書寫歷史？事件的真相是否就像羅生門般找不到出口？

The Xayaburi Dam is an extremely controversial construction. At the very beginning, the proposal of the Xayaburi Dam was banned by the MRC and other nearby countries. The report from MRC strongly recommended the Dam should postpone at least 10-years until furthermore studies are carried out. Moreover, other countries also agreed the Dam should not build immediately. Facing international pressure, the Laos government agreed to suspend the construction temporarily.

After that, the Laos government hired an engineering company Pöyry to evaluate the risks of the construction of the Xayaburi Dam. 3 months later, Pöyry published a review that claimed the Xayaburi Dam is fulfilled the MRC standard. From 10 years to 3 months, what happens? Why the Xayaburi Dam could be constructed even though it was controversial? This timeline can help you figure out the major conflicts between Laos and MRC from 2007- 2012 and the responses from the Laos government. As an outsider, we read through this case after almost 10 years. Can we consider what is the truth of the Xayaburi Dam?

Resources：
https://archive.internationalrivers.org/sites/default/files/attached-files/xayaburi_dam_timeline_of_events_april_2014_0.pdf

By Wu Shuk Yu

助紂為虐：私相授受的國際公司 Pöyry - " The Protest from Finland "

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

在2011年，寮國政府被MRC建議延緩興建水壩工程，以獲取更全面的環評報告後，寮國政府隨即聘請芬蘭的國際工程及評估公司Pöyry，以審視Xayaburi Dam是否已達至MRC所設的國際標準。然而，Pöyry公司本身的爭議點便在於他早前就已受聘於Xayaburi Dam 最大的投資方泰國工程公司CH Karnchang，作為其公司的合作夥伴，一同發展水壩工程。故此，Xayaburi Dam的落成對Pöyry公司是有直接的利益輸送關係，引起極大爭議。

然而，在一個月後，Pöyry便提交出一份評估報告聲稱Xayaburi Dam的工程是合乎MRC的工程標準，水壩作業可繼續進行。但是，這份報告中至少有15項標準是未符合MRC的基本建築要求，卻被Pöyry「選擇性」忽略。再者，水壩工程內的魚類遷徙通道是未經任何測試，Pöyry確切認為這條通道是可以達到MRC所提出的標準，95%魚類可通過。

Pöyry與寮國政府及泰國公司CH Karnchang的狼狽為奸，引起芬蘭內的環保人士不滿及反對。14間芬蘭的非政府組織們一同向芬蘭CSR（Committee on Corporate Social Responsibility）組織控訴Pöyry於寮國的不負責任行為。可是，CSR組織卻認為現有證據不足以表明Pöyry是違反經濟合作暨發展組織 (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)的協定，但同時亦批評Pöyry應該作更全面的評估，水壩問題不了了之。

湄公河水壩問題，從來都不是單一國家的問題，或是沿岸國家的問題。全球化令世界經濟互通，國際企業橫生，在灰色地帶游走的他們，在他國大興土木謀取暴利後，便滿載而歸走去。就似對環境的傷害影響不了遠在天邊的他們，但可惜慢暴力的影響範圍之大是近在眼前。

Pöyry is an international consulting and engineering firm, established in Finnish and merged into a Swiss company in 2019. Pöyry served clients globally across the energy and industrial sectors and provided local engineering services in its core markets. In 2011, Pöyry was hired by the Laos government and consulting the Xayaburi Dam.

However, the problem is that Pöyry was also nominated to become the government’s engineer for the dam project, as well as associated with Ch. Karnchang on another hydropower project in Laos, raising questions of conflict of interest.

Indeed, Pöyry submitted an evaluation report which was proved the Xayaburi Dam fulfilled the standard of MRC after a few months. Although the report was challenged by the Vietnam government and unpermitted by MRC, the Dam still goes on.

Fourteen Finnish NGOs have invoked European rules of corporate social responsibility, to challenge what they regard as reckless and irresponsible recommendations by Pöyry Energy AG, the Swiss engineering subsidiary of Finish consulting company Pöyry PLC, which has been hired by the government of Laos.

The NGO case presented to the Finnish inquiry claimed that the Pöyry Compliance Report (August 2011) had been used as an instrument to bypass the MRC consultation process, secure a power supply contract with Thailand, and legitimize the unilateral decision of the Lao government to launch the dam.

In most of the ecological conflicts, we reveal that international committees are not able to regulate the international company. They do not have valid power, enforcement and punishment to regulate the company. Also, the power between capitalist and non-status is unequal. It is hard to stop their construction or take a long time. The companies might thought it is non of their business of environmental harm, however, slow violence is hurting us. All of us and no one can escape from it.

Resources：
https://archive.internationalrivers.org/resources/review-of-the-p%C3%B6yry-report-on-the-xayaburi-dam-3929

https://thediplomat.com/2013/07/trouble-on-the-mekong/

By WSY

中国山西煤礦業的政府政策與維權事件

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

福島人的故事：岩倉美穗

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

前福島居民岩倉美穗/ Former Fukushima resident Iwakura Miho

她本來居住於離福島核電廠80公里的伊達郡地區，一家自主避難到山形縣。

她是的士公司社長，因為工作關係要回到福島工作。她在學時曾參與學運，因此關心社會議題。經過福島核電災難後有以下觀察：

1 隱瞞真相的政府：政府知道核電廠多次爆炸、也在3月14日得到輻射塵擴散圖，卻只知會駐守美軍，居民並不知情。不同政府辦事處派發碘片（碘化鉀）準則不一，只有三春町有提供碘片。福島縣放射線健康風險管理顧問山下俊一甚至說「只要微笑輻射就傷害不到你」

2 居民沒有能力避難：核電廠建於落後地區，沒有能力離開的市民被迫受輻射污染，而他們生活的社區亦高度依賴核電支撐經濟結構。

這一切都是岩倉在2012年在香港紀念福島核災而舉行的「核能真相多面睇」國際論壇上分享的。

She originally lived 80 kilometers away from the Fukushima nuclear power plant, and her family migrated to Yamagata on their own.

She is the boss of a taxi company, and she has to return to Fukushima because of her job. Having the experience of participating in student movements, she was concerned about social issues. After the Fukushima nuclear power disaster, she made the following observations:

1 The government concealed the truth:
Knowing that the nuclear power plant had exploded many times and obtained the radioactive dust spread map on March 14, the government only informed the US troops, while the residents did not know it. Different provinces have different criteria for distributing iodine tablets (potassium iodide). Only Miharu Town provides iodine tablets. Shunichi Yamashita, a radiation health risk management consultant in Fukushima even said, "As long as you smile, you can't be hurt by radiation."

2 Residents cannot afford refuge: Nuclear power plants are built in backward areas, and citizens who are unable to leave are forced to be contaminated by radiation, and their communities are highly dependent on nuclear power to support the economy.

The above are shared by Iwakura at the "Multi-faceted View of Nuclear Energy" international forum held in Hong Kong in 2012 to commemorate the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

資料來源: 《福島誓言：人民說永不重複》，第一、二章

福島兒童來港暫避幅射休養計劃

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

2012年，「反核之眾」接待16位來自福島的小朋友。計劃參考切爾諾貝爾核災難後的經驗。不少災區附近的小孩身體情況很差，部份小孩每年離家到外地居住一個月，身體情況顯著改善。

在福島居住的人為了避免接觸核輻射，即使天氣嚴熱都不能開窗，小朋友沒有戶外活動。最令父母擔心的是，每間學校處理數據的方法不同，即使是政府的調查都不準確，也大幅提高兒童可接受的幅射水平20倍。「反核之眾」不認同日本當局禁制對兒童造成多大傷害的消息、將幅射化約為心理問題，並建議要增加核能國民教育。

延申閱讀：獨媒報導

In 2012, the "anti-nuclear crowd" received 16 children from Fukushima. The plan used the experiences from Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Many children in disaster areas are in poor health. Some children leave home for one month each year and their health conditions have improved significantly.

To avoid exposure to nuclear radiation, people living in Fukushima cannot open the windows even if the weather is very hot, and children could not have outdoor activities. What worries parents the most is that each school has different methods of processing data. The government even greatly increased the radiation acceptable level by 20 times.

The "anti-nuclear crowd" disagreed with the Japanese authorities' ban on the news of harm to children, and reduced radiation to a psychological problem. They suggested that nuclear energy national education should be increased.

reference: 《福島誓言：人們說永不重複》，第三章

福島人的故事——片岡輝美

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

片岡輝美帶著兒子、妹妹及她的孩子，由福島逃離到450里外三重縣鈴鹿市。

她對政府遊說懷疑，因此聯同其他家長成立「會津輻射資訊中心」（會津是福島縣西面的一個都市），他們會：
- 買儀器量度核輻射量
- 舉辦活動如一些中、小學的講座，提高大眾對核能的認識
- 輔導有情緒困擾的人
- 舉辦示威遊行和游說政府官員反對使用核能。

Kataoka Terumi took her son, sister, and her children to flee from Fukushima to Suzuka City, 450 miles away from home.

She is suspicious of the government's lobbying, therefore she and other parents set up the "Aizu Radiation Information Center" (Aizu is a city in the west of Fukushima Prefecture).

They will:
-Buy instruments to measure nuclear radiation
-Organize activities such as lectures in primary and secondary schools to raise public awareness of nuclear
-Counseling people with emotional distress
-Holding demonstrations and lobbying government officials against the use of nuclear energy.

References: 《福島誓言：人民說永不重複》，第六章

福島人的故事--酒井信裕

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

原本是鐵路車長，311後自主離開郡山到會津若松居住。

由於是自發遷離，他們沒有任何補償，還要負擔原來樓宇按揭貸款及租住地方的租金，經濟負擔沉重。政府在災後不久便對輻射地區重新劃分，旨在希望民眾回到原居，以減輕減輕政府及東電的賠償壓力。

親身經歷經濟及心理壓力，酒井決定組織縣內自主避難者協會，向政府爭取權利。

He was originally a railway driver, but after 311 he left Koriyama to live in Aizuwa Kamatsu.

Since they moved out spontaneously, they have no compensation and have to bear the original mortgage loan and rent of the rented place. The financial burden is heavy.

The government re-divided the radiation area shortly after the disaster, hoping that the people would return to their original homes in order to alleviate the pressure on the government and TEPCO for compensation.

Having personally experienced economic and psychological pressure, Sakai decided to organize an association of autonomous refugees to fight for rights from the government.

Reference: 《福島誓言：人們說永不重複》

福島人的故事--平井憲夫

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

平井憲夫原本是工廠配管技師資格的職人，曾參與東電建設及維修工人。1990成立「核電被曝曝勞動者中心」，並到處演講，遊說居民廢核。

《我的最後告白：核電到底是什麼玩意》為他生前最後一篇文章，1996年死於癌症。他是第一個站出來揭發日本核電黑暗內幕的人。

文章主要討論：
1 東電停留於理論層面的安全措施

2 工人質素參差：全部是打工的農民漁民
3 監督及檢查系統荒謬（原子力檢查協會：發電設備技術檢查協會，成員由經濟產業省退休官員組成）
4 核廢料
- 核廢水問題
- 低階核廢料：300萬桶於青森縣核燃基地存放300年

- 高階核廢料：主要是核燃料棒，要與玻璃固化封閉在金屬容器裡，人類站在容器旁2分鐘會死亡，要冷卻30-50年，並存放10000年以上

5 日本境內大大小小的核事故（美滨核電廠、文殊試驗爐）
6 工人長期被曝於核輻射下
7 引進核電時沒有考慮過廢爐、拆除、廢棄物的處理
8 核災應變計劃不完整及不確實
9 轉移責任到下一代

Norio Hirai was a plumbing craftsman who worked for TEPCO. In 1990, he established "Nuclear radiation exposure centered on workers" and gave speeches persuading the ban of nuclear.

《My final confession: What in fact is nuclear》was Hirai's last words before he died of cancer in 1996. He was the first person to stand up and expose the dark inside story of Japan's nuclear power.

The main points in "The last confession"
1 TEPCO lacks safety measures
2 Workers' were not professional
3 Flaws in supervision
4 Nuclear waste (Nuclear water problem and nuclear waste)
5 Past accidents
6 Long-term exposure to nuclear radiation
7 Never consider the follow-up measures of nuclear plant
8 Incomplete and uncertain in Nuclear disaster contingency plans
9 Responsibility transfer to the future generations

References: 《核電員工最後遺言：福島事故15年前的災難報告》，第一章。

福島人的故事--小倉志郎

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

於2007年發表《原発を並ベて自衛戦争は出来ない》，為第一次有內部工程師指出核電廠最致命弱點——燃料棒冷卻池。他發表文章是為了阻止日本修憲設立軍隊。

在福島核事故後，他於一篇訪問中提及福島四號池燃料棒（1430組，每組60-80枝燃料棒）曝露大氣的問題。而這次311災難證明核電廠即使有後備電源也完全失效，促使他以本名出版文章，以自身經驗呼籲棄核。

In 2007, he published "A self-defense army cannot be established alongside nuclear power plants", which was the first time that an engineer pointed out the most fatal weakness of a nuclear power plant: the fuel rod cooling pool. He published an article to prevent Japan from amending the constitution and establishing an army.

After the Fukushima nuclear accident, he mentioned in an interview that the Fukushima Pool 4 fuel rods (1430 groups, 60-80 fuel rods in each group) were exposed to the atmosphere. The 311 disaster proved that the nuclear power plant completely failed even if it had a backup power source, prompting him to publish an article under his own name and call for nuclear abandonment based on his own experience.

Reference: 《核電員工最後遺言：福島事故15年前的災難報告》，第六章

Learn more about Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

https://padlet.com/cure2018anthropocene/vwi72vv1abh6mkeq

台湾高雄市美濃

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

https://padlet.com/auslebentonylee/2li473ddfmcz3l9r

9. Narmada River, non-violent protest

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

(Yfc)
1. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/sardar-sarovar-dam-water-submerges-narmada-valley/articleshow/77886295.cms
2. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/33678403.pdf

福島人的故事：老年行動隊

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

2011年7月1日，一支由400多名退休核專家和技術人員組成的「老年行動隊」前往福島協助。發起人山田恭暉指自己出於良心、看到核電站的災難，認為不能坐視不理。

行動隊以五人組成小「調查團」，在現場調查及進行搶修等工作。

On July 1, 2011, an "Elderly Action Team" composed of more than 400 retired nuclear experts and technicians went to Fukushima to assist. The founder Yamada Kyouhui said that he could not sit by when seeing the disaster at the nuclear power plant.

The action team formed a small "investigation team" with five people to conduct on-site investigations and immediate repairs.

Reference: 《日本核震》，〈1.3 誰在核電現場〉

3.印度 Benefit to environment

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

(CL)

311 核災 Slow violence

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

https://padlet.com/1155142183/4fue43qp1k5wb08b

中国

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

中國在2020年11月30日啟動瀾滄水資源合作信息共享平台。為實現瀾湄六國水資源領域數據、信息、知識、經驗和技術的全面共享，為瀾湄流域水資源綜合管理和合理開發利用保護提供決策依據與技術支持。

China launched the Lancang Water Resources Cooperation Information Sharing Platform on November 30, 2020. In order to realize the comprehensive sharing of data, information, knowledge, experience and technology in the field of water resources in the six countries, and to provide decision-making basis and technical support for the comprehensive management and rational development, utilization and protection of water resources in the Lancang.

Source:
1. http://cn.lmcwater.org.cn/knowledge_sharing/water_policy/

2. http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2020-11/30/c_1126804871.htm

By Pau Wai Ying

10_How People React ? - Anti-coal Protest

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Around 350 villagers from 30 villages have been marched for 300km to protest against coal mining project in Hasdeo.

350 名來自 30 個不同村莊的村民，從家園遊行 300 公里到市中心，以抗議 Hasdeo 的煤炭開採項目。

11_Another Example of Protest in Goa, India

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Residents in Goa gathered at a night on railway lines of Chandor in South Goa to block several coal-carrying trains, asking for clearance of the environment.

果阿邦的居民在晚上聚集在南果阿的昌多爾鐵路線上，為要堵截幾輛途經運煤火車，以向政府表達潔淨環境的訴求。

13_ News: Closure of Schools Due to Air Pollution

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Air Quality Management (CAQM) announced that the closure of educational institutions until further notice in Delhi and its adjoining areas, schools and universities have switched to online learning.

空氣質量管理局 (CAQM) 宣布，德里及其鄰近地區的教育場所需暫時關閉，直至另行通知，中小學和大學則已轉為在家線上學習。

Cultural Protest---Song: Death By Breath

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

6 teenagers take to music to voice their protest against a city that must breathe under a blanket of smog.

中國山西煤礦業概況

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

By Cherry

極危 —— 暹羅鱷 (Siamese crocodile) 的生態危機Nearly-extinction - The crisis of Siamese crocodile

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

暹羅鱷，主要分佈於東南亞等國家，包括印度洋、泰國、越南、柬蒲寨等，現為局部地區絕滅物種。全球現時少於一千尾暹羅鱷，是為極度瀕危物種。

暹羅鱷的棲息地為低窪淡水淡地。然而，湄公河下游的不少環境保護區都有水壩工程正在進行中或準備進行，令到暹羅鱷的棲息地大幅受到破壞，直接減少其繁殖。而且，湄公河上游與下游的大量水壩工程或蓄水行為都令到整體河域水位減低，濕地減少，亦是為暹羅鱷的生存帶來極大挑戰。

The Siamese crocodile is a medium-sized, freshwater species distinguished by a prominent bony crest at the back of its head. It is one of the rarest species in the world, and fragmented populations in Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Thailand, and Vietnam.

The construction of the dam project damages the habitat wetland of Siamese crocodiles. Also, the dams block the water from the higher part of the river causes drought, and collapsing the eco-environment of the wetland. The life of Siamese crocodiles is threatened by the Dams.

Resources:
https://www.fauna-flora.org/species/siamese-crocodile/

By Wu Shuk Yu

核電廠如何運作？

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

福島核電站採用沸水型反應堆，通過核燃料棒在反應堆堆芯發生可控的鏈式反應（鈾核分裂），從而產生熱量。電力公司將提煉好的鈾原子（多為鈾-235，因它較其他原子擁有更大的原子核）運到核電站的反應堆，再透過核裂變產生熱能，將水轉化為蒸汽，推動渦輪，製造電力。冷卻蒸汽後便再循環。

上圖的馬克一號是GE公司被認為最有問題的缺陷爐，設計者因GE不肯回收而辭職。福島一廠的1號至5號都採用馬克一型圍阻體

有工程師斷言福島核災是由美國製造的，因為負責反應爐設計的奇異公司與建設的電力連結與分享公司早在1965年已知道核電設施有嚴重缺陷。

The Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant uses a boiling water reactor, which generates heat through a controllable chain reaction (uranium nuclear fission) in the core of the reactor through nuclear fuel rods. The power company transports the refined uranium atoms (mostly uranium-235, because it has a larger nucleus than other atoms) to the reactor of a nuclear power plant, and then generates heat energy through nuclear fission, converting water into steam, driving turbines, and producing electricity.

Mark 1 shown in the picture is the defective furnace that is considered to be the most problematic. The designer resigned because GE refused to take it back.

Some engineers accused the disaster was due to the serious design defects of reactors.

Reference: 《核電員工最後遺言：福島事故15年前的災難預告》，第六章

Malaysia 1: What is Palm Oil?

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Malaysia 2.2: 雨林慢暴力的蔓延

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

https://padlet.com/venuscheng000/dgafyxkc7dtdavl4

山西煤炭產量

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

By Cherry

越南

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Pau Wai Ying Box 5

河水沉積物和養分減少

各國大量建大霸截去了河流原本的沉積物和營養。湄公河一半的沉積物來自上游，大霸使下游的流速下降，河水無法帶動沉積物。使河水變成藍色，非常清澈，政府因會河流變得吸引遊客到訪而滿意，但當中的沉積物和營養物卻消失了。

負面影響：
-水生生物的數量和種類不斷減少，令漁民難以維持生計。

-沉積物過度累積使河床增厚，河流容量下降，氾濫風險更高。

- 三角洲的表土無法因沖積物的沉澱而加厚，得不到足夠的養分補給。

-湄公河三角洲因為缺乏沉積物來補充表土，變得容易遭受海水入侵。

Reduction of sediments and nutrients

Dams cut off the original sediment and nutrients of the river. Half of the sediments of the Mekong River come from the upper reaches. The flow speed of the lower reaches is reduced by dams, and sediments in the river water cannot move along freely. The river turned blue and transparent. The government was satisfied that the river became attractive to tourists, but the sediment and nutrients was disappeared. The number and species of fish are declining, making it difficult for fishermen to maintain their livelihoods. Excessive accumulation of sediment thickens the river bed and also increases the risk of flooding.

sources:

1. https://www.voanews.com/a/east-asia-pacific_thai-activists-protest-new-xayaburi-dam-mekong/6186193.html

2.https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/146209/mekong-turns-from-brown-to-blue-green

3.https://kknews.cc/nature/r693j2n.html

4.https://www.natgeomedia.com/science/article/content-14172.html

越南

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Pau Wai Ying Box 6

精華內容：
影片29秒 -2分鐘：湄公河内的魚苗種類多樣性及每天數十億從上游到下游的魚苗

2分25秒-3分08 ：上游的過度捕撈與水壩使棲息地破碎，對漁業和糧食供應有嚴重影響

Highlights:
Video 29 seconds -2 mins: The diversity of baby fish in the Mekong River and billions of baby fish flow from upstream to downstream every day

2 mins 25 -3 mins 08: Overfishing and dams in the upper reaches fragment the habitat, which has a serious impact on fisheries and food supply

link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odG3cETRW58

Three Gorges Dam, Zigui County, Yichang, Hubei, China

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

作者
戴青被逮捕並關押在臭名昭著的秦城監獄，直到 1991 年。

背景
最初由貴州人民出版社於 1989 年 3 月以中文出版，於 1989 年 10 月在中國被禁
指責煽動中國反政府民主運動的書，該運動以 1989 年 6 月 4 日天安門廣場殺害學生而告終。
北京的凹痕和工人。

在如此重大的公共問題上，新聞報導的片面性讓戴青蒂很生氣，她決定與許多著名的反對者進行通信和採訪，並寫一本關於它的書，讓反對派的聲音被聽到。

尚未解決的問題

沉降
由於長江在世界河流的泥沙淤積中位居第四，在建成世界第一大壩後，問題可能會更加嚴重。大壩回水段淤積的淤泥可能會上游至一萬個縣，特別是在大洪水期間，河床抬高，川東上游的洪水水位更高。

安全
在大壩建設期間以及此後的任何時候，大壩都容易受到來自相鄰上游空靈峽的山泥傾瀉的影響，尤其是來自以頻繁發生岩崩而聞名的青潭急流 (WIS) 的山體滑坡。即使是地震也不能排除。

成本低估和成本超支
政府的規範嚴重低估了死壩建設的靜態投資 570 億元（人民幣）。

Book (Yangtze! Yangtze! by Dai Qing)

Author
Dai Qing was arrested and imprisoned in the infamous Qin Cheng Prison until 1991.

Background
Originally published in Chinese in March 1989 by Guizhou People's Publishing House, was banned in China in October 1989, when authorities ac-

cused the book of fanning the antigovernment pro-democracy movement in China, which culminated in the June 4, 1989, Tiananmen Square killings of stu-

dents and workers in Beijing.

One- sidedness in news reporting on such a momentous public issue so angered Dai Qing tìiat she decided to correspond to and interview many prominent opponents and write a book about it to let the opposition voice be heard.

Unresolved issues

Sedimentation
As die Yangtze ranks fourth in sedimentation among die world's rivers, the problem will likely worsen following the construction of a dam of diis height, which would be die world's largest. Silt buildup in die dam's back- water reach may go upstream as far as Wanxian, especially during large floods, raising the riverbed and the flood level much higher in the eastern part of Sichuan upstream.

Security
During the dam's construction, and at any time thereafter, the dam would be vulnerable to landslides from adjacent upstream Kongling Gorge (fèflfrj K) and especially from Qingtan Rapids (WIS), known for its frequent rockslides. Even an earthquake cannot be ruled out.

Cost underestimates and cost overruns
The government's Specifications grossly underestimated die dam's static investment at 57 billion yuan (Renminbi) for construction.

Reference:
Cheng, W. Y. "Yangtze! Yangtze! (review)." Project MUSE. Accessed December 1, 2021. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/396381/pdf.

Sungai Utik

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Sungai Utik is a village that preserves the Dayak wisdoms and forest with great efforts.

Click on the link to read more about the story of Sungai Utik!
https://padlet.com/cure2018anthropocene/zr3gul6pr0y6f05w

Conflicts and protests

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Palm oil and us!

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

How to protect the forest?

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Attachment 附件: Mini drama about Xayaburi Dam 有關沙耶武里水壩的短劇

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

採空區地陷地裂問題

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

By Cherry

湄公河：末日之鐘 The Doomsday clock of Mekong River

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

在1947年，美國芝加哥大學的《原子科學家公報》雜誌設立了「末日之鐘」，隱喻不受限制的科學技術發展對人類的威脅。該鐘每年一月進行一次評估，標示出世界距離毀滅的時間，到達午夜零時便象徵末日降臨。雜誌社會因應世界局勢調整分針撥近或撥離子夜，以提醒各界正視問題。而2020年的最新時間是23:57, 距離世界滅亡不足一百秒。

而本短片借用了「末日之鐘」的概念，帶出在大量的人類活動影響下，湄公河已經在不知不覺走向末日之中，時間亦正在加速中。在片中，生態、文化、物種多樣性等等湄公河獨有的事物都正在飛逝流走，最後時間停在了23:57。湄公河的生態問題、慢暴力後果在近十年都遂漸浮現。然而，水壩工程卻沒有因而停下來。故希望藉此短片警戒世人停止在湄公河的工程，停下人的暴力行為。

Since 1947, the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists has published the Doomsday Clock on the cover of their magazine. The Doomsday Clock represents the likelihood of a man-made global catastrophe. For example, the nuclear problem and unchecked science could increase the time to global catastrophe.

This video used the Doomsday Clock as a reference, to demonstrate the man-made factor causing serious problems in the Mekong and it is going to catastrophe. I hope this video can remind people of the things we lost and raise their awareness of the Mekong Dam issues.

Resources:
https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/

By Wu Shuk Yu

大亞灣的位置 Location of Daya Bay

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Source from: https://paper.hket.com/article/898512/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%9E%E7%81%A3%E6%A0%B8%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0%20%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%A7%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8

(LIU Yuen Kwan)

距離大亞灣20公里：平洲

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

距離大亞灣五十公里：尖沙咀

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

中国山西省

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

中国山西省

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

福島人的故事：紀錄片《原発の町を追われて～避難民・双葉町の記録》

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

雙葉町為於福島第一核電廠20公里內範圍，是政府的強制避難區域。發生核事故後的一星期後，災民到達鄰縣崎玉體育館避難，導演住在附近，因此與災民相遇，並決定拍攝他們逃難的經歷。在這影片前，導演曾拍攝一條關於上関反核電影片，她希望聽到與核電共存的人的聲音，因此開始拍攝雙葉居民。由於體育館只有作臨時避難所，在一個月後，1,400個雙葉居民來到琦玉縣加須市的舊騎西高校廢校校舍開展避難生活，在剛開始的時候，有不同名人義工來為居民表演，讓居民適應這個離故鄉有280公里的地方。導演訪問了多個居民，從各人逃離選擇描繪福島核災帶來的破壞。

Futaba Town is within 20 kilometers of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and a government mandatory evacuation area. One week after the nuclear accident, the victims stayed at the Saitama Stadium. As the director lived nearby, she met the victims and decided to film their escape experience.

Before this documentary, the director had shot one about anti-nuclear movements. Wanting to hear the voices of people coexisting with nuclear power, so she started filming the residents of Futaba. Since the gymnasium was used as a temporary shelter, one month later, 1,400 Futaba residents came to the old Kishi High School to start their evacuation life. In the beginning, different celebrity volunteers came to perform for the residents, letting the residents adapt to this place 280 kilometers away from their hometown. The director interviewed a number of residents that are affected by the nuclear disaster.

Reference:《原発の町を追われて～避難民・双葉町の記録》，制作者ノート。

「有輻射的孩子」

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

當年為避難移居他鄉的災民至今仍飽受歧視，甚至有學童因遭到「核避難欺凌」而造成難以磨滅的心理創傷。最新調查發現，有三分之二的避難者曾面對滋擾或歧視，情況令人擔憂。

一名來自福島災區的母親對《路透社》記者說。有位母親在地震中家園盡毀，與家人逃到他鄉避難，其女兒受到核輻射的影響，出現頭痛和體重下降等情況，所以經常請病假，無法好像其他同齡孩子般，健康快樂地成長，甚至被同學稱呼做「有輻射的孩子」。

這位母親形容一家人都飽受歧視，女兒在新學校不但得不到安慰同情，同學都把女兒標籤為福島的孩子。

Disaster victims who moved to other places for asylum are still suffering from discrimination, and even some school children have suffered indelible psychological trauma due to "nuclear asylum bullying." The latest survey found that two-thirds of asylum seekers have faced nuisance or discrimination, which is worrying.

A mother from the disaster area in Fukushima told a reporter from Reuters. A mother destroyed her home in the earthquake and fled with her family to take refuge in a foreign country. Her daughter was affected by nuclear radiation and suffered headaches and weight loss. So she often took sick leave and could not grow up healthy and happy like other children of the same age. He was even called "a child with radiation" by his classmates.

The mother described her family as being discriminated against. Not only did her daughter receive no comfort and sympathy in the new school, but her classmates also label her daughter as a child of Fukushima.

Reference: https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B/77213/311%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%85%AD%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4-%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6%E5%AD%B8%E7%AB%A5%E8%B5%B0%E4%B8%8D%E5%87%BA%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96%E9%99%B0%E5%BD%B1-%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF%E4%BB%8D%E6%BC%AB%E9%95%B7

發聲災民遭網路欺凌

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

有災民批評政府「遺棄」災民，寧願把資源投放到東京奧運促進經濟，「政府不應利用奧運去掩飾核災」。
很多住在東京的人以為核災已過去，他對此不意外。
有人也批評政府和主流媒體都淡化核災，災民即使是談論自己的悲慘遭遇也不容易。

伊佐純子（Junko Isogai）是少數敢於站出來訴說遭遇的女性災民，她兩名女兒在核災後出現流鼻血、身體出疹等問題，2012年舉家搬到新潟縣居住，發起運動反對東京電力公司重啟新潟縣的柏崎刈羽核電站，以免其他人跟她一樣遭受惡運。她2020年嘗試競逐新潟縣議會議席，但被一些男人質問為何要參選，「你只是一個女人」，議會內90%議席都是由男性佔據。

敢於發聲的災民如河野純男和伊佐純子，更遭到網路欺凌，河野說︰「我知道我一直是網上欺凌的對象，但是我只是要告訴你有關核災的事實。我不斷談論在福島真實發生的事，如果我不說，政府會掩蓋所有事情。」

Some victims criticized the government for "abandoning" the victims, preferring to invest resources in the Tokyo Olympics to promote the economy. "The government should not use the Olympics to cover up the nuclear disaster."
Many people living in Tokyo think that the nuclear disaster is over, and he is not surprised.
Some people also criticized the government and mainstream media for downplaying the nuclear disaster, and it is not easy for the victims to talk about their tragic experiences.

Junko Isogai is one of the few female victims who dared to stand up and tell the story. Her two daughters suffered from nosebleeds and body rashes after the nuclear disaster. In 2012, the family moved to Niigata Prefecture to live in and launched a campaign against Tokyo Electric Power Company. Restart the Kashiwazaki Karawa Nuclear Power Plant in Niigata Prefecture to prevent others from suffering the same bad luck as her. She tried to compete for seats in the Niigata prefectural assembly in 2020 but was questioned by some men why she was elected, "You are just a woman," and 90% of the seats in the assembly are occupied by men.

The victims who dared to speak up, such as Juno Kono and Junko Isa, were even more bullied by the Internet. Kono said, "I know I have been a target of online bullying, but I just want to tell you the facts about the nuclear disaster. I keep talking about being in Fukushima. If I don’t tell the truth about what happened, the government will cover up everything.”

Reference: https://tw.appledaily.com/international/20210311/NDKA5NY66FA5XEBR4DG2NEL4TM/

關於魚翅 About Shark Finning

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

魚翅 - 亞洲地區 Shark Finning in Asia

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Mekong River, Cambodia

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The story of Dayak

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Social and environmental problems

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Sharing Board!

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

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01_India's Background Information

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

【背景】
印度是全球第七大面積的國家，面積達320萬多平方公里。

印度亦擁有全球第二高人口，截止2021年12月1日的數據，人口達13.9億人，非常接近中國的人口。

而印度的人均GDP，則落於每年1900美金的位置，排名全球第128。
【煤炭使用概況】
印度亦擁有全球第二多正在運行的煤炭發電廠，而於印度國土內，煤炭為最重要以及蘊藏量最多的化石燃料，以燒煤作電力供應提供了印度55%的能量來源。
【空氣質素概況】

印度於2020年的AQI 空氣質素（air quality index）為141，全球排名第三。PM 2.5數量亦超出世界衛生組織所建議的五倍。
【問題意識】
既然煤炭為印度帶來嚴重的空氣污染，印度為何仍然需要倚賴煤炭呢？

02_What is Coal? How Does it Work?

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

【為什麼使用煤炭？】
煤炭產業鏈：印度的煤炭產業鏈承繼着多達四百萬人的生活，由開採、運輸、到煤炭發電廠的運作內也養活了很多印度人口。
沒有選擇的餘地：印度國土面積廣闊，國家發展出現地域性差異，一些低度發展地區仍然需要倚賴最簡單的燒煤作電力來源。

【燃煤是怎樣產生電力？】
開採方法：地面 / 地下
熱能發電機：透過燃煤產生熱力，以生產電力。
副產品：透過燃煤產生電力的過程中，將會產生大量的二氧化碳排放，以及污水。

NICHOLAS

03_How Does Coal Harm?

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

【使用煤炭所帶來的影響】
環境：
（1）空氣污染
透過開採煤礦以及發動熱能發電機均會產生大量的空氣污染物
（2）氣候影響
大量的二氧化碳排放將會加劇全球暖化
人類：
（1）由燃煤所釋放到空氣中的毒素會提高人類患上呼吸道疾病、心血管疾、以及腦血管疾病的風險
（2）受影響的空氣質素亦會影響人的生活質素以及心理健康

NICHOLAS

12_Slow Violence

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

【慢性暴力】
每年印度均有250萬人因為空氣污染而造成間接或直接死亡。

空氣污染問題更為印度的下一代造成嚴重問題，例如是先天性身體缺陷。根據參考，印度最新一年的新生嬰兒有四分之一患有過輕問題。

慢暴力被定義為一種發生緩慢、以被人忽略的威脅所造成的一種俱損耗性的暴力。當中亦強調這種暴力為"視線以外"（out of sight）。
但透過印度的現時情況，慢暴力已經由被動的視線以外（out of sight），轉化為主動的"被剝奪的視野"（deprived sight）。正如印度的現時處境，空氣污染情況問題非常嚴重，即使主動地想看清情況，卻會因為空氣太過渾濁，使環境的真實情況不能被清晰看見。

NICHOLAS

14_Concept of Anthropocene

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

【人類世】
印度國土內孕育了很多不同的物種，單單就新德里而言，現今就已經因為空氣污染，而造成有25,000種動物成為瀕臨動物。如蝴蝶、豪豬。

氣候變化亦會令到本身居住在特定棲息地的動物需要遷徙，而遷徙亦會更進一步地影響當地自然生態中的食物鏈。

愈來愈多的瀕臨動物物種，加上因為空氣污染而造成的氣候問題，再加上受到氣候問題而遷徙的動物，對環境造成一個影響力極深遠的生態影響，為一個惡性巡環。

人類因為過度發展而犧牲環境、生態圈，造成難以逆轉的生態浩劫。我們正式進入人類世。

NICHOLAS

山西環境污染

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1i44y1t7Jx/?spm_id_from=333.788.recommend_more_video.-1

影片和圖片拍攝於今年10月，紀錄了山西朔州懷仁到大同左雲的路途上居民的生活環境

By Cherry

Slow Violence

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

by Carol

越南

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

藻類大量繁殖與潛在危機

Pau Wai Ying Box 4

藻類大量繁殖與潛在危機

當河水水位下降、透明度高及流速下降，陽光更容易穿過水面，為藻類提供適合的生存條件。藻類異常大量繁殖就會堵塞魚網，令漁民難以捕魚。這只是短暫的即時可見影響，其後還可以發生更多災害。例如滋生出更多種類的藻類，當中有些品種會具毒性。例如淡水藍綠藻會形成紅潮的水域。有些藻類會產生一種或數種藻毒，例如微囊藻類。這些藻毒往往透過食物鏈蓄積於魚、貝類等水生動物體內，人類常因攝食帶有藻毒的魚貝類而中毒。

Algae blooms and potential effect

When the water level of the river drops and transparency is high. Sunlight will pass through the water easily, providing suitable living conditions for the algae, and they will multiply quickly. It will block the fishing net and affect the lives of fishermen. Later, more types of algae will grow. Blue-green algae can form red tide waters. Also, some algae will produce one algal toxin or several types of algae at the same time, such as Microcystis. These algae toxins often accumulate in fish, shellfish and other aquatic animals through the food chain. Humans are often poisoned by ingesting fish and shellfish with algae toxins.

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mekong-river-idUSKBN1Z919K

2. 吳俊宗《藻類與環境》

Art Wall

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Art Wall here!

8. Gujarat, 印度

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

(CL)

7. 印度中央邦

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

(CL)

6. 印度中央邦

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

(CL)

山西水污染與水損耗

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

By Cherry

採煤產生的空氣污染物

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

By Cherry

中國華北地區與山西空氣污染狀況

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

By Cherry

贏了，你就可以⋯⋯ If you win, you can......

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

你聽說過湄公河嗎？你知道湄公河的位置嗎？了解她的正在面臨的挑戰與危機嗎？你可以在未閱讀任何資料前試玩一次，或是全部閱讀後測試一次自己對湄公河議題的了解。

Do you know what the Mekong river is? Do you know the location of the Mekong? Do you understand what challenges and crises she is facing? Let's join the quiz, and enhance your knowledge of the Mekong Dam problem.

這是一個無獎問答遊戲，只是真誠地希望你在閱讀過我們組對於湄公河Xayaburi Dam的介紹後，可以對湄公河生態系統有更多了解。了解慢暴力；了解人類世；了解到我們自身的不作為，從而逐少逐少地改變自己的生活習慣。無論在世界何方，只要我們改變或停止對環境的傷害，我們仍然可以令「家」變得更好。共勉之。
This is a game without any reward, though you get full marks. However, we sincerely hope our performances can raise your awareness of the Mekong issues. Through our presentation, hope you can learn the concept of slow violence, know the Anthropocene generation that we live in, reflect on our daily habits how we hurt the environment. And, change it, stop it. We still can make our home better.

By Wu Shuk Yu

山西臨汾二氧化硫嚴重超標事件

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

By Cherry

為什麼香港人要關注湄公河水壩事件？ Why do HongKongese need to pay high attention to Mekong issues?

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

可能大家都知道泰國是香港最大的食米進口國，但第二大的又知道嗎？根據香港工業貿易署於2020年發表的報告顯示，泰國進口香米佔52.3%，其次是越南29.7%，緊接是柬埔寨的9.4%，湄公河下游的三國供應本港近9成的大米資源。倘若下游國發生任何水資源危機，香港人還有米食嗎？

水壩議題造成的生態影響與香港人的關係遠比你想像中近。水力發電站是利用由高處流下的水的動能發電，向下湧瀉的河水推動渦輪機及發電機，將動能轉化成機械能，然後變為電能。然而，推動大型水壩需要的水量龐大，故不少國家會選擇儲水，令泄洪時產生的動能更大。但根提國際媒體《路透社》及《紐約時報》，相繼報導一項最新調查研究指出，因中國在全長約 4,350 公里的湄公河上游、中國稱為「瀾滄江」的河段，大肆興建水壩截斷河流，導致下游的緬甸、泰國、寮國、柬埔寨、越南等國遭受嚴重旱災。在這些下游國家，部分河流甚至完全乾凅，露出龜裂的河床。依據衛星資料顯示，去年湄公河在泰國的河段，創下 50 多年來最低水位。然而，湄公河下游國亦打算在下流河再興建更多大型水壩，情況只會日趨惡化。

河水乾旱，影響了整個湄公河下游居民的漁業、農業活動。魚，失去了流動的河水。米，失去了灌溉的清泉。於去年 7 月，泰國政府以乾旱為由，要求農民推遲種植水稻，以節約水資源。但雨季期間，水庫的水位仍然甚低，政府更於本年初部署軍隊，為 11 個嚴重旱災府份建造 399 口地下水井，並為 43 個受影響府份居民供水。初步估計，泰國本年度的淡季稻米生產量，將急降 40 至 54%。在2020年末時，香港曾經湧現一陣搶米潮，說是越南米商決定暫停出口米至香港，雖後來撤回，但如果是真的，我們又可以如何？湄公河乾旱，農業受到影響，誰又能確保大米的供應穩定？糧食危機的出現，只是時間問題，香港人又怎可置身事外？

According to the HKSAR report, Hong Kong imported over 90% of rice from Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia, coming from the Lower Mekong Basin. What if food shortages happened in the Lower Mekong Basin? Can Hongkonger live without imported rice from them?

Hydro-power stations use a large dam to store river water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which in turn activates a generator to produce electricity. However, it causes a serious problem. When the dam blocks the water from the upper part of the Mekong basin, the Lower part regions do not have enough water to irrigate their farmland.

Thailand already has the grave problem of drought. Last year, the Thai government restricted the policy of water usage and forced the farmer to postpone the plantation of rice because of the drought. Preliminary estimates the first season of harvest of rice is going to decline 40%-54%. Hong Kong is depending on the Mekong river to offer us food. If the LMB countries can not export the rice to Hong Kong, what can we eat? The Mekong issue is not an 'other side' problem for Hong Kong people, it is related to our daily life, even threatening our daily life. How can we ignore it?

Resources:
https://www.tid.gov.hk/tc_chi/import_export/nontextiles/nt_rice/monthly_rice.html

https://www.hk01.com/%E8%B2%A1%E7%B6%93%E5%BF%AB%E8%A8%8A/355015/%E8%B2%A1%E7%B6%93%E9%BB%9E%E7%9D%9B-%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%80%E4%B9%BE%E6%97%B1-%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%B1%B2%E8%BE%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%9A%AB%E5%81%9C%E7%A8%AE%E6%96%B0%E7%B1%B3-%E7%B1%B3%E5%83%B9%E6%88%96%E6%9C%83%E8%B2%B4

By Wu Shuk Yu

Urging the Thai government not to buy electricities from Laos 敦促泰國政府不要從老撾購買電力

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Xayaburi Dam were planned to be completed by October 2019, and many NGOs, activists and environmentalist had made a petition, to urge the Thai government not to buy electricities from the Laos. The construction of dam has already caused severe drought in northern Thailand, and the migration and supplies of fishes are also seriously being affected. Therefore the conservation group WWF had also called for delaying the project until further studies of the environment could be evaluated.

沙耶武里大壩計劃於 2019 年 10 月完工，許多非政府組織、活動家和環保人士已提交請願書，敦促泰國政府不要從老撾購買電力。大壩的建設已經在泰國北部造成嚴重干旱，魚類的洄游和供應也受到嚴重影響。因此，保護組織 WWF 也呼籲推遲該項目，直到對環境的進一步研究進行評估。

Drought in Pakse, Laos 在寮國巴色的旱災

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The construction of dams is causing serious drought in Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and northern Thailand. That the water are kept by the dam, which has lowered the water level of the Mekong River. Besides, in 2019, it is the year that the Mekong region having the least rainfall, so many places are facing severe drought. Not only the fishermen could not catch fishes, but also causing heavily damaging the mother earth.

因為建設水壩，老撾、越南、柬埔寨和泰國北部都受到影響，引發嚴重的干旱。水被大壩擋住了，導致湄公河的水位降低。此外，2019年是湄公河地區降雨量最少的一年，所以多處都面臨著嚴重的干旱。漁民不僅無法捕魚，而且對地球造成了嚴重的破壞。

reference: https://www.voanews.com/a/east-asia-pacific_laos-presses-ahead-4-more-mekong-dams-amid-drought/6199496.html

Drought in Lampang, Northern Thailand 在泰國北部的南邦府發生的旱災

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The construction of dams has affected the water level, which caused a serious drought all over Mekong region, especially in northern Thailand. There are 22 out of 76 provinces that are facing severe drought issue.

大壩的建設影響了水位，導致整個湄公河地區，特別是泰國北部發生嚴重干旱。 76個省中有22個面臨嚴重干旱問題。

Reference: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/3/30/thailand-hit-by-its-worst-drought-in-decades

Don Sahong Dam 東沙洪水電站

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Don Sahong Dam has started to construct since Jan 2016, owned by Laos government and executed by a Malaysia company, the Mega First Corporation Berhad. It does not cover the entire mainstream like Xayaburi Dam, it only covers one of the channel within the mainstream. The dam is located between less than 2 kilometers upstream of the Laos-Cambodia border. When the dam is finished, the electricity would mainly manipulate to Thailand and Cambodia.

東沙洪水電站自 2016 年 1 月開始建設，由老撾政府所有，由馬來西亞公司 Mega First Corporation Berhad 執行。它不像沙耶武里大壩那樣覆蓋整個主流，它只覆蓋主流中的一個通道。大壩位於老柬邊境上游不到2公里處。大壩建成後，電力將主要輸送到泰國和柬埔寨。

Reference: https://www.mrcmekong.org/news-and-events/consultations/pnpca-prior-consultations/don-sahong-hydropower-project/

Prelude 前言: Issue of the Mekong 湄公河的問題

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

In this project, we are going to present the issue we have discovered about the Mekong River. As there are too many environmental issue going on in the Mekong, we are going to focus on the issue of Xayaburi Dam, why is it controversial and what environmental issue has it brought to the Mekong. Hence, how does the villagers from the Mekong and people all around the world react and represent the incident to other people?

在這個項目中，我們將展示我們所發現的關於湄公河的問題。由於湄公河周遭涉及的環境議題實在太多，所以我們會重點討論沙耶武里大壩的問題：為什麼會引起爭議？以及它給湄公河帶來了什麼環境問題？繼而，湄公河的村民和世界各地的人們如何反應並向其他人再現這一事件？

We have divided the research into four aspects, please read the information according to the following colour, that would give you a more complete concept in the certain perspectives:

我們將會把我們的研究分為四個方面，請按照以下顏色閱讀資料，這樣可以在某些角度上給您一個更完整的概念：

Blue: General background informations about the Xayaburi Dam/ the other dams Laos has constructed in their 'Battery of Asia' plan
Orange: Political impact and issues brought by the dams
Green: Environmental issue and slow violence brought to the nature
Purple: Cultural perspectives on how people uses culture as voicing power

藍色：關於沙耶武里大壩/老撾在「亞洲電池」計劃中建造的其他大壩的一般背景信息
橙色：大壩帶來的政治影響和問題
綠色：給自然帶來的環境問題和緩慢的暴力
紫色：關於人們如何使用文化作為發聲力的文化觀點

Groupmates 組員:
Wu Shuk Yu 胡淑瑜
Pau Wai Ying 鮑暐凝
Kwan Lok Sum 關樂心
Wong Cheuk Ni Cherie 黃卓妮

紀錄片：「謊言背後——Xayaburi 與 Poyry」Xayaburi and Poyry: What lies behind

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

這是一套由芬蘭NGO Siemenpuu Foundation所拍攝的紀錄片，主要是分析Poyry公司作為重大持份者對於Xayaburi大壩的影響，以及老撾政府與泰國公司對他們自身的「洗白」。

Rob Nixon曾言，要如何在資訊發達的社會中，有效地使用生動、形象化的方式再現（Pepresentation）慢暴力（Slow Violence）的影響，是最具挑戰性的工作。這套紀錄片是由芬蘭的環境運動人士的角度出現，訪問了不同界別、國藉的人，去重朔Xayaburi大壩興建的事件，再現「謊言背後」的真相。

This is a documentary which is about the relationship between the Xayaburi dam and Poyry filmed by a Finnish NGO, the Siemenpuu Foundation. The producer interviewed various stakeholders especially the people who live nearby the Mekong river, aiming its sights at the conflicts of interest apparent.

By Wu Shuk Yu

Link:
https://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/play/53186/Xayaburi-and-P--yry--What-Lies-Behind

Documentary

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The documentary filmed by Arre in 2016 has raised the concerns of citizens from Delhi that they are breathing poisons and the future is at stake.

Arre 在 2016 年拍攝的紀錄片描繪出德里市民的擔憂，他們認為自己正活在毒氣之下，下一代更是岌岌可危。

2. Narmada dam

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

越南

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Pau Wai Ying Box 2

建造水壩對自然的代價 Costs of damming a river

影片精華內容：

1.阻礙沉澱物、營養和自然物質

2.水壩並非真正「潔淨」的可再生能源，水壩的蓄水池淹蓋有機物時，會產生溫室氣體，例如二氧化碳和甲烷。

3.阻礙魚類搬移到上游產卵，即使興建魚類通道，魚類未必能成功通過，通道也並非適合所有品種，效用非常低。

4.三分之二的河流都興建了水壩

Costs of damming a river

Highlights of the video:

1. Obstruct sediments, nutrients and natural substances

2.Hydroelectricity are not "clean". When the reservoirs of dams are covered with organic matter, greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane are produced.

3. It blocks fish migration. Even if a fish channel is built, fish may not be able to pass successfully, and the channel is not suitable for all species.

4. Two-thirds of the rivers in the world have built dams

source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XfJdTCmkoaA

越南

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Pau Wai Ying Box 3

Introduction 引言

隨著各種人類活動對湄公河資源的誤用、把污水直接排到河流等，令河流、河崖生態和生物都受影響，嚴重破壞生態平衡。也有不少問題源於氣候變化，極端天氣使降雨量減少，河水水位下降。

在這些背景下，選擇為水壩作主題的原因是它令河流狀況快速惡化。建水壩之際就使河流失去自我調節功能、沉積和搬運機能隨之退化。自然河床基地變得不穩定，影響生物的生長。可見，人類具有壓倒了大自然的巨大力量去改變自然。這個議題非常值得探討和需要引起更多人的關注與行動去反對繼續建水壩。

湄公河起源於西藏，全長近 4,909 公里，是世界第十二長河，流經中國、緬甸、老撾、泰國、柬埔寨和越南六個國家。

沙耶武里水壩作為湄公河主流下游的第一座水壩有着重要的轉折點。對河流的影響有些是可見的，有不少還正在慢慢醞釀，卻不易察覺。Slow violence可怕之處在於當初微少的變化是難以察覺和容易被忽略，Slow violence亦難被再現以喚起大眾的關注。當巨大的生態危機和後果浮現，能被察覺嚴重性之時，已經是無法修復的景況。

With the misuse of the resources of the Mekong River by various human activities and the direct discharge of sewage into the rivers, the ecology and biology of the rivers and cliffs are affected, and the ecological balance is seriously damaged. Many problems also stem from climate change. Extreme weather has reduced rainfall and river water levels.

The reason why the dam was chosen as the theme is that it rapidly deteriorates the condition of the river. When the dam is built, the river loses its self-regulating function, and its sedimentation and transport functions are degraded. The natural riverbed base becomes unstable and affects the growth of organisms. It can be seen that human beings have the tremendous power to overwhelm nature to change nature. This issue is very worthy of discussion and needs more people's attention and action to oppose the continued construction of dams.

The Mekong River originated in Tibet and has a total length of nearly 4,909 kilometers. It is the twelfth long river in the world and flows through six countries including China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam.

The Xayaburi Dam has an important turning point as the first dam in the mainstream downstream of the Mekong River. Some of the effects on the river are visible, and many are still brewing slowly, but they are not easy to detect. It is significant to pay attention to slow violence is that the small changes at the beginning are difficult to detect and easy to ignore. Slow violence is also difficult to represent to arouse public attention. When the huge ecological crisis and consequences emerge and the seriousness can be detected, it is already a situation that cannot be repaired.

Source:
1.https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210127-the-invisible-impact-of-slow-violence

2.Erle C, Ellis, Anthropocene : a very short introduction

3.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14672715.2011.570567?casa_token=MNAdXfSq-C4AAAAA%3AqiLsETcAPo1cSJUiL5hv7-uXHjewpdCNmXdvEqE23vkVgxvBSOM_fgOI_czQFIjUl1QoRjFhlV9GIw

遇神殺神？千年古都的隕落：龍坡邦省的水壩工程 The hydro-power station in Luang Prabang

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

背景

龍坡邦省，位於老撾的北部中心位置。自16世紀開始，龍坡邦省便是老撾的重鎮，是各朝帝王的首都，擁有過千年的文化、歷史遺跡與濃厚的佛學色彩。作為現存的世界遺跡之一，龍坡邦省見證了老撾的歷史變遷，瀾滄王國的帝都；法國殖民期的建築，一磚一瓦都是時間的痕跡。

水壩工程與龍坡邦省

自從老撾決意成為「亞洲電芯」後，積極發展水力發電工程，以換取更多金錢。而龍坡邦省會是繼Xayaburi Dam與Don Sahong Dam，第三個老撾在湄公河主流域興建的巨型水壩。

流離失所的人

由於興建水壩的工程對周遭環境都會帶來極大影響，工程中會產生不同的污染，對四周的生態與民居都會造成不可挽回的破壞。龍坡邦省中原有53條原居民村落，祖祖輩輩都活在龍坡邦，與這片土地早已培養出不可分割的情感。宗教、文化風俗，因人而生。然而，水壩工程的到來，將近20條村莊的居民會被迫遷，有581戶家庭共2285人須遷離故土，失去農地與家園。老撾政府只賠償約HKD$4200的金額予村民，微薄的金額根本難以展開新生活。更甚是，村民所承傳的文化與節日，在離開後家鄉能否繼續傳承？仍是未知數。

危危可岌的古城

龍坡邦省，被譽為老撾的「文化之都」。然而，這座千年古城在未來可能都逃不走崩毀的危機。聯合國教科文組織（UNESCO）曾經要求老撾政府重新審核水壩項目，因為興建水壩的過程中與興建後，都會對龍坡邦省帶來不同程度上的影響。龍坡邦水壩的選址位於「奠邊府斷層帶」（the Dien Bien Fu Fault Zone）附近不到10公里處，工程過程中牽涉不同的爆破、清除泥石的作業引起強烈震動，如該區域發生地震活動或是崩潰將會危及龍坡邦省的安危，整座古城可能會滅絕。

Background of Luang Prabang

Luang Prabang the one of the World Heritage Site, which has over a thousand years of history. Luang Prabang became the capital of the independent Kingdom of Luang Phrabang. Luang Prabang reminds various remarkable and valuable historical buildings, cultures, and heritage of Laos.

The relationship bewteen Dam and Luang Prabang

Since the Laos government had determined to be the 'Asian Battery', it built a lot of dams in recent years. Luang Prabang Dam is the third dam located in the mainstream part of Mekong.

Developmental Refugee

During the construction of the dam, it causes various pollution and damages the livelihood nearby the Dam. Therefore, the Laos government forced the villagers to leave their homes and move to another place which is far from the old village. The villager loses their home, farmland, and garden and the Laos government compensated around HKD$4200 for one person. However, those compensation is not enough for them to start a new life.

The crisis of Luang Prabang's cultural

The heritages in Luang Prabang is inestimable, once they get damaged it can not be recovered. However, the location of the Luang Prabang Dam is raising the risk of destroying this heritage city. Luang Prabang Dam is 10Km far from the Dien Bien Fu Fault Zone, if there are any earthquakes in this area, it may implicate the stable of Luang Prabang heritages too.

Resources：
https://www.aseantoday.com/2020/08/new-mekong-dam-ignores-threats-to-unesco-world-heritage-city-livelihoods-and-ecosystems/

https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/energy/luang-prabang-dam-raises-unesco-concerns/

https://thediplomat.com/2021/03/unesco-calls-for-heritage-assessment-for-lao-hydropower-dam/

By Wu Shuk Yu

越南

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Pau Wai Ying Box7

對漁業的影響

洞裡薩湖是柬埔寨最重要的魚場，也支持著整個湄公河流域的魚類洄游。在2019年和2020年，6到10月的雨季期間流入洞裡薩湖的河水很少和很晚。2019年，8月中旬洪水才流入湖裹。水太淺、水太暖、令魚在水中缺氧，死魚無數。

「洞裡薩湖的250萬漁民為了應對極低的捕魚量，背負了更高的債務。今年情況或許更糟。這種高債務-低捕魚量的迴圈再重複幾次，湖區甚至整個國家的經濟都有可能開始崩潰。」

非政府組織「漁業行動」聯盟估計，20-30%的漁民已經被迫放棄捕魚為生，轉而尋找其他工作。

Impact on fishery industry

Tonle Sap is Cambodia’s most important wild fishery and also supports fish migration throughout the Mekong River basin. In 2019 and 2020, the water flowing into Tonle Sap from June to October is reduce and very late. In 2019, the flood did not flow into the lake until mid-August. Water become shallow and warm, countless fish lack of oxygen and died.

"2.5 million fishermen are burdened with higher debts to cope with extremely low catches. This year may be worse. This cycle of high debt-low catches is repeated several times, and the lake area even the entire country’s economy may begin to collapse.”

The NGO "Fish Action" coalition estimates that 20-30% of fishermen have been forced to give up fishing to make a living and look for other jobs.

Source: https://www.inmediahk.net/node/1078033

越南

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Pau Wai Ying Box 8

泰國對沙耶武里水電站的抗議

隨著湄公河沿岸社區開始感受到其負面影響，泰國人展開對沙耶武里水電站項目的抗議。大約 70 名依靠湄公河謀生的泰國村民在曼谷開發商 Ch.Karnchang 的辦公室外集會。抗議該公司宣布與 Xayaburi Power Company 簽署建設協議以建造大壩。呼籲公司立即暫停沙耶武里的建設，直到湄公河委員會（MRC）對大壩影響評估完成。公司未與四個國家（柬埔寨、老撾、泰國和越南）達成協議便開始施工，違反了協議。

Thailand's protest against Xayaburi Dam

Communities along the Mekong River begin to feel the negative effects of dams. About 70 Thai villagers who rely on the Mekong River for their livelihoods rallied outside the offices of developer Ch.Karnchang in Bangkok on Tuesday.The protest came after the company announced last week it had signed a construction deal with Xayaburi Power Company to build the 1,260-megawatt dam, the first of its kind on the Lower Mekong River.

Protesters at Tuesday’s demonstration, which coincided with Ch.Karnchang’s shareholders’ meeting, complained the company was contravening another MRC agreement made in December that an environmental impact study was needed before the project could begin.

https://www.eco-business.com/news/thai-protestors-rally-against-xayaburi-dam-construction/

越南

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Pau Wai Ying Box 1

Box 位置指南
Box 1-8 越南
Box 9 香港
Box 10 泰國清邁
Box 11 美國華盛頓

Box location
Box 1-8 Vietnam

Box 9 Hong Kong
Box 10 Chiang Mai, Thailand
Box 11 Washington, USA

礦井下的工作情況

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

By Cherry

The Birth Of Coal Energy

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

By Carol

New Delhi, Delhi, India

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Delhi government try to reduce air pollution due to vehicular traffic by "Odd-Even" Scheme

德里政府試圖通過“奇偶”政策以減少因車輛交通造成的空氣污染

Goa, India

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

People in Goa describe the coal mining industry as an abuse of life.

果阿邦的人民將煤礦業描述為對生活的虐待。

香港已被核電廠重重包圍Hong kong surrounded by nuclear plant

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Source from https://www.aec.gov.tw/share/file/law/vJUEsGt4RyCpEWqO1gL34w__.pdf

(LIU Yuen Kwan)

海南昌江核電廠

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

(LIU Yuen Kwan)

汕尾陸豐核電廠

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

(LIU Yuen Kwan)

廣東陽江核電廠

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

(Liu Yuen Kwan)

台山核電廠

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

(LIU Yuen Kwan)

(建設中)太平嶺核電廠

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

(LIU Yuen Kwan)

礦業制度衍生問題：［盲井］

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

中國有一套電影《盲井》參考真實事件，描述有煤礦工人欺騙外地人到煤礦打工，之後製造意外將他們殺害並騙取撫恤金。在中國四處流動犯案，山西礦地亦為一案發地，特此獻上真實案件供參考。

在慢暴力中提及到暴力分散於時地，人們後知後覺地發展製造意外案件就是其中一個例子。煤炭被稱為黑色的金子，亦因其工作場所的分散和隱蔽促使無數地下交易罪案的出現，而且難以追查。資訊的不流通丶地域差距使受害者的親屬亦不知道親人已經遇害。

R: 任轶任琰. "黑工头制造的28个冤魂." 正气, no. 10 (2000): 正气, 2000 (10).

大壩危機：豆腐渣工程與大壩潰提 The Truth of collapsed Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Dam

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

背景

在2018年7月23日晚上，位於老撾東南部一座興建中的 Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy水壩突然意外崩塌，爆發洪水灌入6個村莊，造成22人失蹤且49人身亡，6600人無家可歸。

誰是投資方？

由於興建水壩往往需要大量金錢與技術，但老遠遠未能獨力建築多個水壩，所以不少水壩工程都是與外資公司合作，以得到其技術援助。根據寮新社報導，參與電廠開發案的公司，有泰國的叻丕省發電控股（Ratchaburi Electricity Generating Holding）、南韓的韓國西方電力（Korea Western Power）、國營寮國控股國家企業（Lao Holding State Enterprise）與韓國工程建設公司SK Engineering and Construction of the Republic of Korea）。原本計劃於年底轉為商業用途並且將9成電力售賣於泰國，而在事件發生後南韓政府亦有派人員到老撾協助救援。

豆腐渣工程

在水壩崩潰時，韓國SK建設稱暴雨和洪水令湄公河水位急升，才會令水壩垮塌。但一年後，The International Expert Panel (IEP)事後檢討報告中指出，大壩崩塌的主因是因為建築技術與建築材料不符合規格，由於地基的混凝土吸水量高，加上土壤多孔隙，連場暴雨下令地基不穩，因而倒塌。然而，韓國SK建築公司否認該指控並且認崇IEP的報告是缺乏數據支持。

Background

Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Dam was suddenly collapsed on July 23, 2018, while it was under construction. It locates in the east-west part of Laos. This accident ruined 6 villages and caused 49 people dead, 22 people missed and over 6600 people became homeless.

Who is the stakeholder?

As a developing country, Laos does not have enough construction methods and money to build the dam. Therefore, most of the dams are invested in by international companies. Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Dam was jointly constructed by four companies Ratchaburi Electricity Generating Holding, Korea Western Power, Lao Holding State Enterprise, and SK Engineering and Construction of the Republic of Korea. This dam was planned to be commercial use at the end of 2018 and planned to sell 90% to Thailand.

Jerry-built

After the accident occurred, the Engineering and Construction of the Republic of Korea denied the main responsibility and blamed it to the rainstorm. However, according to The International Expert Panel (IEP) report, it revealed the real reason for the collapsed dam was the poor construction methods.

“The International Expert Panel (IEP) found that the major cause of the Xe Pian Xe Namnoy dam collapse was the high-absorbency of the foundation of saddle dam D, coupled with soil being porous and easily eroded, and the level of rising water,” Singpheth Bounsavathiphanh, vice chairman of the Government Inspection Authority and vice chairman of the Lao National Investigation Committee told reporters in Vientiane.

By Wu Shuk Yu

Resources：
https://www.rfa.org/english/news/laos/soil-05282019153902.html

https://www.thenewslens.com/article/100537

印尼棕櫚油指南

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

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Artwork 藝術作品：Power Boy (Mekong) 〈動力男孩（湄公河）〉2009

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Power Boy (Mekong) (2009) is a large photographic print, showing the main character Power Boy looking at the ecological systems along the Mekong River, which is an example of the political and social discussions that are prevalent in Apichatpong’s work: here, the artist examines the consequences of the hydroelectric Xayaburi Dam that is being built on the Lower Mekong River, which is destroying livelihoods, devastating the water’s ecological systems, which makes many Thai people had protested the construction of the dam. However, in turn, the dam is expected to generate electricity for countries in Southeast Asia—power that many who live along the river will rely on in their daily lives. The work aims to reveal the complicity and paradox of politics the project has brought.

動力男孩 (湄公河) (2009) 是一幅大型攝影作品，展示了主角動力男孩看著湄公河沿岸的生態系統，這是阿彼察邦作品中普遍存在的政治和社會討論的一個例子：這裡，藝術家考察正在湄公河下游修建的沙耶武里水電站的後果，它正在破壞生計，破壞水的生態系統，這使得許多泰國人抗議修建大壩。然而，反過來，大壩有望為東南亞國家發電——許多沿河居民在日常生活中將依賴電力。這項工作旨在揭示該項目帶來的政治複雜和矛盾。

Reference: https://imma.ie/collection/power-boy-mekong/

Resettlement of Houay Soi Village Houay Soi 村的重新安置

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The villagers in Houay Soi need to move away due to the construction of Xayaburi Dam. As Laos is a communist state, the people do not have rooms for rejection and rebellion, so they could only follow. Sue Perkins (an UK TV presenter) had visited the village, and many government officers followed her to the village. She could only talked to one villager, and the others are developers of the project. Besides, the Laos government provided translator for her, just in case the villagers said something wrong.

由於沙耶武里大壩的建設，Houay Soi 的村民需要搬走。老撾是共產主義國家，人民沒有排斥和反抗的餘地，只能追隨。 Sue Perkins（英國電視節目主持人）曾到過這個村莊，許多政府官員也跟著她來到了這個村莊。她只能和一位村民交談，其他人都是項目的開發商。此外，老撾政府還為她提供了官方的翻譯員，以防村民說錯話。

The Thai private company has provided electricity and jobs for these resettled villagers, but it is believed that it would take away Laos' traditional unique culture and living style, as they are stepping into materialistic world. Besides, as building dams has required professional skills, so the workers from Laos and Thais do not have equal wages. Also, as the villagers could no longer catch fish from the Mekong, problem of food insecurity is also severe.

這家泰國私營公司為這些被安置的村民提供了電力和就業機會，但相信隨著他們步入物質世界，這將帶走老撾傳統的獨特文化和生活方式。此外，由於修築水壩需要專業技能，所以老撾和泰國的工人沒有同等的工資。此外，由於村民無法再從湄公河捕魚，糧食不安全問題也很嚴重。

More information: https://archive.internationalrivers.org/blogs/267/ch-karnchang-already-causing-food-insecurity-near-xayaburi-dam-site

Protecting the forest 保護森林

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Different schemes are established to help the Dayaks protect the forest. Dayak and different organisations advocate for the forest while also encountering many difficulties in the process.

達雅和不同機構努力為森林和原居民權益發聲。儘管會遇到一些困難，他們都努力保護他們的森林和大自然。

Explore together 一起探索

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

You have read the brief story! Explore the orange tags to have a detail explanation of different sections. Don't forget to click on the padlet to share your insights with others!

你已知道了部分的故事了！點看橙色標籤來了解事情更多更深入的面向。別忘了點入分享牆和大家一起探索更深！

Storyline written by Ines.

Sharing board

Mekong River, Cambodia

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The dam construction has imposed harmful effects on the biodiversity along the Mekong River, causing some special species including Mekong Giant Catfish, Siamese Crocodiles and Irrawaddy Dolphines to become endangered is one of them.
Changes in their habitats modified their living habits greatly for example their spawning or reproduction, migration, food supply etc. The above picture has summarized the causes of their decrease in number. They will soon face extinction if human destruction on their natural habitats continues.

大壩建設對湄公河沿岸的生物多樣性造成了很多負面影響，其中一個便是湄公河巨鯰、暹羅鱷魚和伊洛瓦底江海豚等一些特殊物種瀕臨滅絕。
它們棲息地的變化極大地改變了它們的生活習性，例如它們的產卵或繁殖、遷徙、食物供應等。上圖總結了它們數量減少的原因。如果人類繼續破壞它們的自然棲息地，它們將很快面臨滅絕。

However, there are corresponding conservation work carried out by the local government and NGOs as well. These are examples of how human intervention may become cooperation with nature instead of pure destruction which should let us reflect on what position we should take being in the age of anthropocene. A position of harnessing natural power and resources while protecting it or a position of destroying nature with personal interests.

但是，當地政府和非政府組織也有相應的保護工作。這些是人類干預如何成為與自然合作而不是純粹破壞的例子，這應該讓我們反思在人類世時代我們應該採取什麼立場，應保護自然力量和資源的同時利用自然力量和資源，還是以個人利益破壞自然。

References:
Hogan, Zeb. A Mekong Giant: Current Status, Threats and Preliminary Conservation Measures for the Critically Endangered Mekong Giant Catfish. http://www.cepf.net/, July 2012. https://www.cepf.net/sites/default/files/mgc_report_1.pdf.

“Irrawaddy Dolphin Conservation.” The Cambodian Rural Development Team. The Cambodian Rural Development Team, April 24, 2014. http://www.crdt.org.kh/irrawaddy-dolphin-conservation/.

“River Dolphins.” WWF. Accessed December 10, 2021. https://wwf.panda.org/discover/our_focus/freshwater_practice/freshwater_inititiaves/river_dolphins_initiative/.

“Siamese Crocodile.” Fauna & Flora International, April 13, 2018. https://www.fauna-flora.org/species/siamese-crocodile/.

By Kwan Lok Sum

Xayaburi Dam, Laos

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

In this video, it talks about the harmful effects of constructing Xayaburi dam from the viewpoint of the local residents. For example how water level rises will cause flooding which inundates of farmland and crops, number of fish dropped significantly which affected livelihood of fishermen, decreased biodiversity and disturbed ecosystem.

在這段視頻中，它從當地居民的角度討論了建造沙耶武里大壩的負面影響，例如水位上升會導致洪水淹沒農田和莊稼，魚類數量大幅下降影響漁民生計，生物多樣性減少和生態系統受到干擾。

Reference:
"Mekong's Xayaburi dam: Victory of 'vicious capitalism'." 16 November, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9cfLAjOoM9I.

By Kwan Lok Sum

Malaysia 3.0: 環境的慢暴力 Slow Violence in Environment

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

--Chau Wai Yee, Wynee

香港

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

影片講述了電解的原理，以及污染物的處理方式。

Lam Chun Yiu
1155093363

Xayaburi Dam, Laos

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

This post summarized some ecological impacts imposed on the Mekong River after Xayaburi Dam construction.

這篇文章總結了沙耶武里大壩建設後對湄公河造成的一些生態影響。

References:
“Technical Review of the Xayaburi Environmental Impact Assessment.” International Rivers. Accessed December 10, 2021. https://archive.internationalrivers.org/de/node/3930.

“Xayaburi Dam.” EarthRights International, June 16, 2021. https://earthrights.org/what-we-do/mega-projects/xayaburi-dam/.

By Kwan Lok Sum

Sharing ：Mekong River’s still no return but forever changed－－ Conservation campaign of watershedsystem in “Mekong River Project”Sharing of performances and experiences 分享會：不可恢復的湄公河已永遠改變－河川保育運動中的"湄公河計劃"的行為作品與經驗

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

An live art workshop hold by a Hong Kong private art group called The Originals, and they had invited a Thailand artist Vichukorn Tangpaiboon (Jon) to come and hold a lecture about the Mekong River issue, and how the artists and protesters react to the incident. The Originals wants the participants to gain insight from the workshops, using arts to fight and rethink of the issue they are facing ——lack of land and subdivided flats in Hong Kong.

這是由香港私人藝術團體正常小孩舉辦的行為藝術工作坊，他們邀請了泰國藝術家 Vichukorn Tangpaiboon (Jon) 來舉辦一場關於湄公河問題的講座，以及藝術家和抗議者對事件的行動。正常小孩希望參與者透過工作坊中獲得靈感，用藝術來對抗和重新思考他們所面臨的問題——香港的土地和劏房問題。

Reference：https://www.hkasalumniarchive.com/eventsarchive/j99etnmw5e522f9pm24a4wld6p8j66

誰來負責任：來自韓國的示威者 The Protesters from South Korea

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

在2018年的7月23日，位置老撾東南部的Xe Pian Xe Namnoy大壩突然崩潰，洪水沖垮了壩下的六條村落，事件造成44人死，超過6600人流離失所。在事件發生後，韓國政府文在寅亦有派出搜救隊到老撾，協助拯救受災居民。但時至今日，仍然有過千受災者未獲得相應賠償與正義的審判。

Xe Pian Xe Namnoy Dam 最大承建商南韓的企業SK Engineering and Construction，而其中一間合作方都是南韓的電力公司Korean Western Power Company Ltd.。雖然南韓SK公司並不承認水壩崩潰是該公司的責任，但是國際組織IEP指出劣質的建築方法才是崩堤的主因，而老撾的官方代表亦認為是工程與設計問題才會導致事教。在首爾，South Korean civil society organizations (CSOs)希望SK工程公司可以提供具透明度與公信力的調查報告，希望可以還給老撾人民一個合理的補償與交待。

Xe Pian Xe Namnoy dam was collapsed on July 23 2018 caused devastating floods that swept through Champassak and Attapeu provinces in southern Laos, displacing about 7,000 people, causing 49 people dead and 22 missing people. Although the South Korean government sent the disaster relief teams to Laos after the accident, thousands of victims still can not find their justice and compensation.

South Korean civil society organizations (CSOs) organized a protest to call for the government and SK Engineering and Construction to bear their responsibility to the collapse. Also, provide transparency and accountability investigation to measure the damage caused by the collapse to Laos people. However, SK Engineering and Construction denied those accusations.

By Wu Shuk Yu

Resources：
https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25839&LangID=E

Laos

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

Although environmental assessment has been carried out for the construction of Xayaburi Dam, there are criticisms on the quality of such inadequate assessment.

雖然針對沙耶武里大壩的建設已經進行了環境評估，但不同學者對這環評估存有質疑。

Criticisms on the EIA of Xayaburi Dam:
1) Inadequate involvement of affected communities in consultation process
2) Neglect of the negative impacts on fish species:
the giant, imperiled fish of the lower Mekong River
Extinction of Mekong’s two largest freshwater fish species, the Mekong Giant Catfish and the Giant Pangasius
3) Unclear and incomplete analysis on impacts on water quality, aquatic ecology, fisheries and public health
4) Neglect the eco-hydrological impacts on communities located upstream and downstream of the dam

對沙耶武里大壩環評的批評：
1) 受影響社區在協商過程中的參與不足
2) 忽略對魚類的負面影響：
湄公河下游的巨型瀕危魚類
湄公河最大的兩種淡水魚類湄公河巨鯰和巨鯰魚滅絕
3）對水質、水生生態、漁業和公共衛生的影響分析不明確、不完整
4）忽視對大壩上下游社區的生態影響

References:
“Technical Review of the Xayaburi Environmental Impact Assessment.” International Rivers. Accessed December 10, 2021. https://archive.internationalrivers.org/de/node/3930.

Trandem, Ame. Fatally Flawed Xayaburi EIA Fails to Uphold International Standards: A Preliminary Review of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for the Xayaburi Hydropower Dam on the Mekong River mainstream in Northern Laos PDR. 14 March, 2011.
https://www.banktrack.org/manage/ems_files/download/fatally_flawed_xayaburi_eia_fails_to_uphold_international_standards/110707_preliminary_review_of_xayaburi_eia_14_03_11_final.pdf.

By Kwan Lok Sum

'Where would you place them?' Mekong Exhibition 湄公河展覽

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

This project has brought artists from different places together, including Thailand, Myanmar, Singapore and Japan. The organizers have planned field trips, acknowledging and familiarizing the situations before inviting the artists to join in, that they truly hope their exhibition could be used as a link to tell the story of the indigenous culture, environment and problems. Also, they wanted the exhibitions to be diverse, so they have invited artist all around the world, to represent the issue in locals and international perspectives.

這個項目將來自不同地方的藝術家聚集在一起，包括泰國、緬甸、新加坡和日本。主辦方曾先計劃實地考察，在邀請藝術家參加之前了解和熟悉情況。他們真正希望他們的展覽可以作為一個鏈接，講述土著文化、環境和問題的故事。此外，他們希望展覽多樣化，因此他們邀請了世界各地的藝術家，以本地和國際的視角來代表這個問題。

Reference: https://www.mmtimes.com/lifestyle/2801-bangkok-art-exhibition-explores-cultural-rights-in-sensitive-areas.html

Administrative Court of Thailand, Thanon Chaeng Watthana, Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand

howardyu1995 — 2023-10-03 10:21:23 UTC

The Network of Thai People in Eight Mekong Provinces submitted evidence of the negative impacts Xayaburi dam had on the ecosystem and fisheries.

湄公河八省的泰國人民網絡提交了沙耶武里大壩對生態系統和漁業產生負面影響的證據。

References:
Eugene Whong. “Thai Citizens' Group Submits Evidence of Impact of Laos' Xayaburi Dam to Court.” Radio Free Asia, October 11, 2020. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/laos/laos-xayaburi-dam-thailand-evidence-02142020171322.html.

By Kwan Lok Sum

Remake of Living in the Anthropocene: Nature, Culture and Power by Howard Yu

Daya Bay, China

龍門核能發電廠

Mekong River

Hong Kong Island

Palm Oil Conflict, Indonesia

00_New Dehli, India

Shanxi, China

Meinong Lake, Taiwan

Three Gorges Dam, 秭归县宜昌市湖北省中国

Narmada River

台湾旗山溪

台湾高雄市美濃廣林

福島第二原子力発電所

828G+M2 Tomioka, Fukushima, Japan

台湾高雄市美浓区雙溪樹木園

台湾台北市中正区中山南路立法院

Japan, Tokyo, 東京

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Canada

老挝東沙洪水電站

極危 —— 正在消失的巨型鯰魚 Nearly Extinction: The Mekong giant catfish

日本 福島県

A short film of former Cambodians living by the Mekong River 以前的柬埔寨人在湄公河旁生活的短片

日本东京都千代田区霞关 1 Chome−1−4東京地方法院

The View of Mekong River Vietnam Delta 湄公河越南三角洲的景色

日本东京都千代田区霞关 1 Chome−1−4東京地方法院

Ton Le Sap Lake in Cambodia 柬埔寨洞里薩湖

日本福岛县楢叶町 波倉小浜作12, 福島第二原子力発電所

Sanakham Dam 薩納坎水壩

日本群馬縣前桥市 Ōtemachi, 3 Chome−1−34 前橋地方裁判所

1. Narmada Dam Project Timeline

The biggest palm oil producer: Indonesia 最大的棕櫚油生產國：印尼

中国山西省 煤礦業的慢暴力

中国山西 出路

中国山西礦業問題

柬埔寨

老挝

Three Gorges Dam, Zigui County, Yichang, Hubei, China

台湾台东县蘭嶼鄉蘭嶼

台湾新北市貢寮

台湾高雄市美浓区台28線

Malaysia 3.3: 水土流失——帕索森林保護區的警示 Soil Erosion-- Warning form the Pasoh Forest Reserve

湄公河興建水壩時間線

湄公河主流域的水壩圖 The Mekong Mainstream Dams

Indonesia Palm Oil Guide

Republic of Mozambique

Chhattisgarh’s Hasdeo Arand forests, India

Background of Xayaburi 沙耶武里水壩背景

Comment on Laos' action (Political)

Protest of Cambodia 柬埔寨的示威

Protesting of Xayaburi Dam in Vietnam 越南沙耶武里大壩抗議

Protest towards Ch. Karnchang at the company headquarter 在CH Karnchang曼谷公司總部門外的示威

Thai villagers filed a lawsuit to EGAT and Thai Government Administrative 泰國村民向EGAT和泰國政府行政部門提起訴訟

Prime Minister of Vietnam accused Laos openly on second Mekong River Commission (MRC) summit 越南總理在湄公河委員會（MRC）第二次峰會上公開指責老撾

News for empowering the essence of Xayaburi Dam done by Al Jazeera English (Sponsored by Qatar Government)

Critique towards Laos' Dam Construction done by Singapore public media Mediacorp 新加坡公共媒體Mediacorp對老撾大壩建設的批評

以電脫貧——老撾的能源發展政策 The Strategic of Laos energy development policy

台湾屏东新园乡東港溪攔河堰

台灣台北中正区中山南路立法院

台湾台北市中正区凱達格蘭大道

台湾旗山溪

台湾高雄市美浓区 黃蝶翠谷

台湾高雄市美浓区雙溪樹木園

06_Why So Difficult To Stop Using Coal?

Xayaburi Dam, Laos

Xayaburi Dam, Laos

Xayaburi Dam, Laos

Laos

智利

斷頭斬尾掏空內臟 智利海灘驚見17條瀕危尖吻鯖鯊殘屍

Brazil, 里約熱內盧州

Maharashtra, India

4. Madhya Pradesh, Effect and resettlement

10. Gujarat, slow violence (environment & ppl)

10. Songs of the NBA

But everything changes when the palm oil company comes… 但一切都隨着棕櫚油公司的到來而改變了。

Palm oil is everywhere! 棕櫚油無處不在!

What is the problem of palm oil in Indonesia? 棕櫚油有問題嗎?

USA

日本福島県

日本福岛县楢叶町波倉小浜作12, 福島第二原子力発電所

中国山西省煤礦業的慢暴力

中国山西出路

台湾高雄市美浓区黃蝶翠谷

斷頭斬尾掏空內臟智利海灘驚見17條瀕危尖吻鯖鯊殘屍

中国山西鏡頭下的山西煤礦

福島第二原子力発電所示威行動