Sectionalism (Orange): An exaggerated devotion to the interest of a region or state

Economic Growth (Green): The increase in the ability of an economy to produce goods and services

Westward Movement (Blue): European expansion within the continental boundaries of the mainland United States

Development of the Presidency(Purple): The role, actions and/or the decisions of the President

Culture & Identity (White): Characteristics that differentiate the U.S. from other countries; American values and norms such as democracy, right to life liberty and the pursuit of happiness, free market, capitalism etc.

• During James Monroe's presidency westward movement was enforced by the Erie canal, national roads and the Adams-Onis treaty.

• The Erie canal was the first great Westward Movement during Monroe's presidency, the canal gave access to resources west of the Appalachian mountains. Citizens needed a fast way to improve commerce move goods, once the Erie canal was built it reduced travel time in half and made shipping cost go down by 90%.

• The Adams-Onis treaty was a treaty between the U.S and Spain in 1819. this treaty ceded Florida to the U.S which defined the boundary between the U.S and Mexico.

  Cause: Needed better transportation, borders were raided by Spanish Florida.

• Effects: Cut the travel time in half, Florida belongs to the U.S now and it acts as a border.

Terms that fall under Nationalism:

The Monroe Doctrine (1823)

The Monroe Doctrine was President James Monroe's annual message to Congress. This message involved foreign relations with European countries such as Britain and Spain, in an attempt to limit their control over the U.S. The doctrine's goal was to prevent foreign powers from further colonization in the U.S. The document was motivated by nationalism, as Monroe wanted the U.S. to emerge as a powerful, independent nation.

Causes: British, Spanish, and French Colonization in the U.S.

Effects: Monroe Doctrine - proposed by nationalist president James Monroe

Died: July 4th, 1831

Achievements of James Monroe:

1) Was Secretary of State during Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson negotiated the state of Louisiana with Napoleon Bonaparte after Napoleon gave the land up "for sale." The French needed funds to fight the British, leaving Jefferson the decision to purchase the land for $15 million. Monroe closed the deal in 1803 with Robert Livingston as Secretary of State. This was a pivotal moment in U.S. history, as this gain of land guaranteed Americans with the right to sail vessels down the Mississippi River.

2) The Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise maintained a balance between free and slave states. This federal legislature allowed states to choose if they were free states or not. However, this was still seen as a victory for the South, whose economy was heavily dependent on slavery.

3) The Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine ended colonization in the U.S., allowing the country to reach complete independence. This was significant during Monroe's presidency, as it increased nationalism and improved the U.S.'s outward appearance towards other nations.

Terms that fall under Sectionalism:

James Monroe did not support sectionalism and wanted the country to be one whole. This led to the Missouri Compromise which allowed states to choose for slaves to be free in the north or a slave in the south.

The court case McCulloch vs Maryland explains that states could not interfere with the federal government and did not have power to tax the federal government. Congress wanted a bank but it was controversial.

The court case Gibbons vs Ogden separates the federal government from the state government because it regulates instate commerce instead of just federal commerce.

Causes: Parts of America wanted to separate because they wanted different things for their states

Effects: Court cases were made to state the laws of sectionalism

Terms that fall under economic growth:

Era of Good Feeling:

The Era of Good Feeling was a result of the end of the War of 1812, as well as the Napoleonic Wars. This allowing American citizens to pay less attention to European political and military affairs. The Era of Good Feeling focused on internal improvements in the U.S. such as the construction of roads and canals, the development of national banks, and the beginning of the taxation of imports.

Adams-Onís Treaty:

The Adams-Onís Treaty gave the U.S. control over Florida and Oregon while maintaining Spanish control over Texas. This benefited the U.S. economically, as they were able to gain control over the Mississippi River, an important route for trade.

Gibbons vs. Ogden:

The Gibbons vs. Ogden was a Supreme Court case that focused upon the powers of the commerce clause, determining Congress's ability to regulate interstate and some intrastate commerce. Overall, the case gave more power to state governments.

Panic of 1819

The Era of Good Feeling would soon be met with economic issues such as inflation, unemployment, and bank failure in the Panic of 1819. This was due to irresponsible banking policies made by national banks.

Monroe was re-elected in 1816 with majority votes. This meant he was well-liked. He served from 1817-1825 with his vice president, John Adams. He was a member of the Democratic-Republican party and the 5th president of the United States. As a president he enforced western expansion and strengthened foreign connections. He also created a strong cabinet which led to good political decisions.

Terms that full under American Culture & Identity:

The Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise maintained a balance between free and slave states. This federal legislature allowed states to choose if they were free states or not. However, this was still seen as a victory for the South, whose economy was heavily dependent on slavery. This event played a major role in the development of the country's identity, as it regarded policies that affected both citizens and the enslaved.

The Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine ended colonization in the U.S., allowing the country to reach complete independence. This was significant during Monroe's presidency, as it increased nationalism and improved the U.S.'s outward appearance towards other nations. The doctrine gave the U.S. a sense of identity, as they were seen as a respective rising power throughout the early 1800's.