Waves Summative by David Cordoba Ortega - Camilla Road Sr PS (1353)

Waves Summative by David Cordoba Ortega - Camilla Road Sr PS (1353) https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v Made by David en-us 2021-01-21 00:24:56 UTC 2026-02-22 07:44:53 UTC hello@padlet.com Waves 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108149282 By: David Cordoba ]]> 2021-01-21 00:57:01 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108149282 Mechanical Waves 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108154628 these waves are simply waves that aren't suitable for transmitting energy through a vacuum, ergo a medium must be used as transportation for energy. A Sound wave is a good example of Mechanical waves as they are incapable of travailing in a vacuum ]]> 2021-01-21 01:00:36 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108154628 the types of Mechanical waves 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108181452 There are two mechanical waves

Longitudinal waves
Transverse waves

- periodical wave
- pulses waves

]]> 2021-01-21 01:17:51 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108181452 Standing waves 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108254847 These are waves that are confided resulting in two waves, the original wave going away from the source, and the wave reflected off the medium boundary going towards the source. These two meet and cause a constructive or partial destructive interference repetitively; this is called resonance.

( in the picture) as you can see the reflected wave is crossing path with the original wave, at this exact moment in time they are perfectly in phase/in tune subtracting each others amplitudes, Fun fact, it's name was given because of resonance which makes it look like it's simply standing their.]]> 2021-01-21 02:10:39 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108254847 Doppler affect 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108256555 This is the affect of pitch changing as an object moves in relation to the actual position of the observer or vise versa.

(in the picture) here we can see two people on bot side of this object producing waves, on one side the waves are all bunched up creating higher frequency waves; this is called blueshift, while on the other side we have spread apart waves registering waves with lower frequency; this is called redshift. ]]> 2021-01-21 02:11:59 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108256555 Composition of a wave 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108279327 the wave is composed of particles; that displace themselves from the equilibrium and come back.]]> 2021-01-21 02:30:04 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108279327 Equilibrium 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108314701 The natural position for particles where they come back and rest]]> 2021-01-21 02:57:16 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108314701 Amplitudes 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108317821 they are the highest displacement a particle can have from the equilibrium; this displacement happens because of the energy being transferred to each particle.]]> 2021-01-21 02:59:43 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108317821 Interference 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108319741 This is the cause of two waves inter- phasing with each other causing one out of two things a constructive interference or a destructive interference. ]]> 2021-01-21 03:01:11 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1108319741 Longitudinal waves 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112235220 These are waves that are parallel to the direction of the disturbance .

(in the picture) we can see that the disturbance/oscillation is happening vertically as is the propagation of the wave, identifying it as a longitudinal wave. The area of compression is the part of a wave that are the most dense and the area of Rarefaction is the region with less density.]]> 2021-01-21 21:50:49 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112235220 Transverse Waves 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112314597 waves that are propagating perpendicular to the direction of the disturbance

(in picture) The person is holding the slinky and oscillating horizontally up and down while the wave being produced is propagating perpendicular. ]]> 2021-01-21 22:27:43 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112314597 Crest 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112378355 The top of half the wave when above the equilibrium]]> 2021-01-21 23:04:19 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112378355 Trough 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112380849 The bottom of the wave when below the equilibrium]]> 2021-01-21 23:05:55 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112380849 The universal wave equation 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112488394 This equation consist of the the wavelength λ(lambda) ,which is the distance between two point that appear as the continuation of one, the frequency (Hz) , which is the amount of complete waves passing or the number of cycles occurring in unit time, and finally velocity.

Frequency is found with this equation
F=1/T
"T" being the period which is the time it take for a vibration to complete a cycle. ]]> 2021-01-22 00:21:08 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112488394 constructive 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112625810 These interferences are produced when two waves, that have either a positive or negative displacement but not the same amplitude, come into phase. If both are positives their amplitudes will add up giving them a new maximum particle displacement, When both are negative the same occurs but with a negative particle displacement; in both scenarios the principle of superposition is present which is essentially the addition of amplitudes]]> 2021-01-22 01:52:44 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112625810 Destructive 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112626015 These happens when you have two waves one with positive displacement and another with negative displacement both holding the same amplitude level, as they comes into phase their is a canceling of amplitudes, once into phase the whole wave is at zero resting on the equilibrium (Node). ]]> 2021-01-22 01:52:52 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112626015 The equation 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112655728 2021-01-22 02:13:39 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112655728 Partial destructive 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112724974 In this scenario a positive and a negative wave coming into phase will cause partial destructive interference as the amplitude wouldn't be at zero but it will be reduce, the significance of the decrement would depend on the amplitude difference between the two waves. ]]> 2021-01-22 03:08:22 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1112724974 Doppler effect problem ( stationary observer) 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1115882709 A sound source with a frequency of 790Hz moves away from a stationary observer at a rate of 15m/s. What frequency does the observer hear? The speed of sound is 340m/s.

F sound source=790Hz f=( 340+/-0/340+15)790
Velocity of source=15m/s = 757Hz
velocity of sound=430m/s
f= ?
Red shift= moving away

A fire truck emits an 880Hz siren. As the truck approaches an observer on the sidewalk. the truck's velocity is 20m/s, and that the velocity of sound in air is 340m/s.

F sound source= 880Hz f=(345+/-0/345-20)880
velocity of source= 20m/s = 934.2 Hz
velocity of sound= 345 m/s
f=?
Blueshift=Approaching

]]> 2021-01-22 20:59:48 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1115882709 Boundary behavior 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1117686693 This occurs when a wave reaches the end of a medium and the beginning of another medium.

(in the picture) if a wave is propagating through a less dense medium and it reaches the boundary to a denser medium there will be a transmitting pulse and a reflective pulse, the transmitting wave will have a smaller wavelength the reflective wave will remain with the same wave length with a lose in amplitude and inverted.

when it's the other way around the effects on the transmitting pulse are a decrement in amplitude and increase in wavelength in the case of the reflected pulse it sticks to the same scenario above with exception to the inversion of the pulse.]]> 2021-01-24 01:21:21 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1117686693 Dopplers effect (Stationary source) 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1119368359 A stationary sound source with a frequency of 790Hz is approached by an observer at a rate of 15m/s. What frequency does the observer hear? The speed of sound is 340m/s.

F sound source=790Hz f=790(340+15/340+/-0)
velocity of observer=15m/s = 824.85Hz
velocity of sound= 340m/s
f=?
Blueshift=approaching

A fire truck emits an 880Hz siren. As the observer moves away from the truck on the side of the road. the truck's velocity is 20m/s, and that the velocity of sound in air is 340m/s.

F sound source= 880Hz f=880(345-20/340+/-0)
velocity of observer= 20m/s =841.2Hz
velocity of sound= 345 m/s
f=?
Redshift= moving away

]]> 2021-01-24 18:36:47 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1119368359 Universal wave equation problem 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1119770627 A water wave passes through a pool. If the frequency of the wave

is 3.0 Hz and the wavelength is 4 cm, what is the speed of the

wave?

F= 3.0Hz V=3x0.04
λ=4cm =0.12m/s

]]> 2021-01-24 23:02:20 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1119770627 Phase 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1119783339 The distinct coordinate of a point on the x axis, on a longitudinal or transverse wave.

Phase Shift

a displacement or shift from a specific point on the wave in the x axis ]]> 2021-01-24 23:15:51 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1119783339 in Phase 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1119811582 The state at which two waves are possessing the same phase shift.
- Waves enter the state of in-phase when they are vibrating in such a way that their periods are perched and they pass through their rest position at the same time. ]]> 2021-01-24 23:46:08 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1119811582 out-phase 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1119811721 This is the state at which two waves are possessing different phase shift
-Objects that are not passing through their resting point at the same time or have different periods are said to be out of phase.]]> 2021-01-24 23:46:14 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1119811721 Human ear 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1119916565 The human ear is an organ that is usually taken for granted but it has a very important and nevertheless convoluted task which it preforms every second of the day. As the sound wave propagates into the ear it transforms it into electrical nerve pulses, this requires three section the outer, middle and inner part of the ear. The sound waves that enter our ear hit the external part of the ear drum the high atmospheric pressure mixed with the rarefaction of the sound waves(longitudinal waves)causes the ear drum to move out. The middle part consist of three interlocked bones the hammer, the anvil, and stirrup vibration are transmitted through here to the oval window in the inner part of the ear amplifying the vibrations by 18x. After it reaches the oval window the vibrations are transmitted to the cochlea, which is an organ that looks akin to the shape of a snail its 3cm long and divided into two equal part with a line of division along its length. The vibrations move down the cochlea around the end of the line of division and almost back to the starting line, as this happens 30,000 microscopic hairs move attendant to the transmission of the vibration the hairs individually are connected to a cell that convert the motion of the cells into a electrical signal sent to the brain which is then render as sound by the brain. ]]> 2021-01-25 01:10:00 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1119916565 Pitch and Loudness 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1119916854 Pitch: is the measure of frequency letting us determine whether something is high or low tone

Loudness: is the amplitude that characterizes the sound wave ]]> 2021-01-25 01:10:14 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1119916854 Antinodes 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1120084019 The maximum displacement in a standing wave system its also the location where the particles of the medium are moving with colossal velocity. ]]> 2021-01-25 03:20:43 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1120084019 Node 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1120095477 The location where there is no displacement and they are at rest.]]> 2021-01-25 03:30:03 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1120095477 How sound is produced in a guitar 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1120173071 when the guitar is strum the string create a vibration which is transferred to the soundboard and through the bridge, because of its hallow body the sound is amplified, and we then enjoy the sweet melodies its producing. The pitch depends partially to the mass, length and tension of the string.]]> 2021-01-25 04:22:11 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1120173071 Mach number 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1120183727 this is used to find the relation between the local speed of sound and the speed of the object in motion. This is very much used for aircraft; for example this photo is of a plan(vapor cone) that flies at Mach one

Mach number lower than 1 are considered subsonic and higher than 1 supersonic. ]]> 2021-01-25 04:28:16 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1120183727 Harmonic 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1120199269 the 1 harmonic is called the fundamental frequency which is the lowest frequency that can be produce by a standing wave.

for fixed and fixed or open air columns
at the fundamental frequency the length=lambda by two. for the second harmonic or it can be called the first overtone is length=lambda, you can use the general formula to find the length
Ln=nλ/2 (for fixed and fixed or open air columns) (2n-1/4)λ ( for fixed and open)

for fixed and fixed or open air columns
the number of harmonics goes up subsequently
1,2,3,4,5....

but in fixed and open it goes up by 2
1,3,5,7...

that is why we have lambda by two for fixed and fixed and open and open and lambda by 4 for fixed and open ]]> 2021-01-25 04:36:36 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1120199269 Sound and the Environment 692013 https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1128396812 Sound plays an important role in our environment. With out sound we wouldn't be able to communicate to one another as goes with the animals and lately scientist have discovered that humans and animals aren't the only organisms that can communicate with sound; plants and forest communicate using the vibrations which are detected in a frequency- selective manner and used to find water by sending out acoustic emissions and to communicate threats, we can safely say that sound is a critical environmental signifier if you will. Extraneous sounds, otherwise known as noise, however can easily degrade a verbal communication between two human beings. Noise isn't only a irritant but it also arises health problems. average city sound levels of 60 decibels have demonstrated blood pressure and heart rate increase and induced stress, with sustained higher amplitudes causing cumulative hearing loss. If this is the case for humans then it may as well be true for for animals and even plants.

Climate change can affect the environments' sonic signatures as well as the plant density changing the balance between absorptive surfaces, such as leaves, and reflective surfaces such as water and buildings. This will cause an increase in reverberation and make sound more harsh and just like how it's difficult to have a peaceful conversation in a cathedral, a place rife with reverberance, a natural setting can have the same effect. Native species would struggle to hear mating calls jeopardizing their offspring. predators could find it difficult to detect prey. All these impacts could drive a population to relocate, even if the area still provides plentiful food and shelter. In a nut shell the sonic properties of environments are crucial for survival.

What we can do and should do is pay close attention to the changes that are being done in your area and try not to contribute. This could be done by recording how the sound changes through out the week, seeing the impact that it has done and assessing the problem. This is what the acoustic ecology lab did in 2014 to bring awareness to this subject in the southwestern United States. So by listening to our environment we will be able to lend a hand.]]> 2021-01-26 18:43:41 UTC https://padlet.com/692013/1kksg0oowb0e0y7v/wish/1128396812