🛑 Términos y Condiciones del Curso

🗣 Retos de Pronunciación

📚 Book Recommendations

🔊 Listenings Practice  

🤔 Diccionario Linguee

Tutor de Inglés: Adrián

Horario de Sesión: Lunes y Miércoles 3:00 Guadalajara

Link de Sesión:  https://meet.google.com/aii-dvkh-rsm

TED Talks Daily

6 Minute English (or any podcast by the BBC)

Consider This by NPR (or any podcast of NPR - also the "tiny desk" on YouTube if you like music)

The Daily by The New York Times (The Times has got some interesting podcasts too; this is in a news format)

Normal Gossip (they gossip)

My favorite murder (it's a true crime but comedy podcast):

Short history of...

Practise writing a book

Practise writing with a journal

Listening with songs

Listening and pronunciation with videos

Quora: People ask questions of any topic and people answer those questions

NatGeo: If you like science or history, you can go to NatGeo

Arts and Letters Daily: You can find links to articles, books, essays, etc on different topics

Brain Pickings: The Marginalian offers articles, essays and more abotu different topics. The level is a bit more advanced but you can read many things there

Even though leaps of faith are great, one should preferably carry out plans, and also set up for success, because when trying to move up the corporate ladder, a good mindset might help a lot.

However, not everything is about mentality, one needs to effectively bring in their expertise to the table when getting a new job, for example, the skill of working out solutions is immensely valuable for any workplace, as well as punctuality, just remember that clocking in on time is just as important as clocking out on time!

My family's traditions:

1. Remove the skin from the salmon.

2. Salt the salmon, and also add some black pepper on it.

3. On a bowl, add the following:

   1. One spoon of honey.

   2. 1/2 spoon of soy sauce.

   3. The juice of 1/2 a yellow lemon.

   4. Then, mix everything up until all the ingredients are well mixed.

4. Add some olive oil on a pan and heat it for a few minutes.

5. Cook the salmon for 3-4 minutes on medium heat.

6. Next, flip the salmon and cook it for one more minute.

7. Remove the salmon from the pan.

8. Chop one clove of garlic.

9. Add one spoon of butter on the same pan on low heat, and let it melt.

10. When the butter is melted, add the chopped clove of garlic on the pan, add the sauce that was previously done on step 3.

11. Mix everything up, and when it starts bubbling, add the salmon on the pan.

12. Starting adding some of the sauce on the pan over the salmon, so it can gain more flavor. Do it continuously for 1-2 minutes.

13. Remove the salmon from the pan, add it on a plate, and enjoy it with rice or mashed potato.

Week 2: 4/7 ✔

Week 3: 4/7 ✔

Week 4: 4/7 ✔

Week 5: 4/7 ✔

Week 6: 4/7 ✔

Week 7: 3/7 ❌

Week 8: 0/7 ❌

Week 9: 4/7 ✔

Week 10: 4/7 ✔

Week 11: 4/7 ✔

Week 12: 4/7 ✔

Week 13: 3/7 ❌

Week 14: 5/7 ✔

Week 15: 3/7 ❌

Week 16: 5/7 ✔

Week 17: 4/7 ✔

Week 18: 4/7 ✔

Week 19: 3/7 ❌

Week 20: 5/7 ✔

Week 21: 4/7 ✔

Week 22: 3/7 ❌

Week 23: 5/7 ✔

Week 24: 4/7 ✔

Week 25: 4/7 ✔

Week 26: 3/7 ❌

When the researches are done, the trademark applications are filed before IMPI.

Trademark resolutions take from 4 to 6 months to be issued by IMPI.

After receiving a trademark resolution in favor, finally the ® symbol can be added to the trademark's logotype.

In spite of his current success, things didn’t always look bright for the hip-hop artist. By the time he was 26, he hadn’t been able to sign a contract with a studio, he had a daughter to feed, and had failed to make a successful song again and again, but most importantly, he had some dreams yet to achieve. By the late 90’s, he had met Dr. Dre, a producer well known for having introduced many great artists into the scene, such as Snoop Dogg, Xzibit or Kendrick Lamar. So, Eminem got his contract and was able to get the support of a great studio like Aftermath.

By the 2000s, Eminem had dropped one of the best rap albums of all time, The Slim Shady LP, introducing his alter ego Slim Shady. With such character, he had begun to have a more hardcore rap style than previously when he had failed due to being criticized for having soft rhymes.

Three years after The Slim Shady LP’s release, he made his second and most successful album: The Eminem Show. Back then, he had already performed in the biggest arenas, and was consolidated as one of the best rappers of all time.

One year later, Eminem was the protagonist of the movie 8 Mile, and although he hadn’t had any experience with movies before, it won an Oscar for the best soundtrack “Lose Yourself”.

However, because of his sleeping pills addiction, Marshall had been hospitalized in 2007 and not soon after, he went into rehab for a few years.

By 2010, Eminem had made his return (now sober) and released Recovery, which was awarded as the best rap album of that year. Since then, he’s been releasing new albums, and even though he isn’t the artist of the moment anymore, he is still making great music.

For example: If you put your food in the freezer, it freezes.

___________________________________

What do you do when you are angry?

If I'm angry, I try to calm down.

What do you do when you are bored?

If I'm bored, I watch The Office.

What do you do if you get lost?

If I get lost, I open Google Maps .

What happens when you argue with someone?

If I argue with someone, I try to be respectful.

What happens if you forget an important date?

If I forget an important date, I apologize with whomever is affected by my bad memory.

For example: If you don't work, you will likely be fired.

1. Knocking on Wood.- If someone knocks on wood, they will have a connection with divinity and thus good luck.

2. The Evil Eye.- If someone compliment something you own, it will break or be ruined.

3. Black Cats/Birds.- If a black cat crosses your path, you will have bad luck.

4. Trimming Nails at Night.- If you trim your nails at night, you will have bad luck.

5. Tuesday the 13^th.- If you were born on Tuesday the 13^th, you will be prone to violence, death, bloodshed.

6. Whistling.- If you whistle, you will have financial problems.

7. Purse/Wallet on the Ground.- If you rest your purse or wallet on the ground, you will have bad financial luck.

For example: If he were an architect, he wouldn't be happy.

_________________________________

Choose only one track. What would happen if you saved that track?

If I saved the upper track, an apocaliptic demon would be freed, but the philosopher I saved would bring peace to the world. Also, If I saved the upper track, a funeral procession would die :( and a murderer acquitted on a technicality wouldn't be around anymore.

For example: If hadn't come to live to Guadalajara, I wouldn't have known the people I've met so far.

________________________________

You've already made your decision, now you are facing the consequences. You can't help but ponder, what would have happened if you had saved the other track?

If I had saved the lower track, the funeral procession would have reached its destination. However, a murderer would have been on the loose, and the demonic crystal wouldn't have broken.

(SECOND + THIRD) = If she were mexican, she would have been able to stay longer.

(THIRD + SECOND) = If she had been born in Mexico, she would stay longer.

__________________________________

PRESENT + PAST

The last time I went to a wedding, I didn't know many people there. I had a boring time because I didn't talk to anyone. If I were more outgoing I would have met new people.

I've always felt lucky that I got into law school in Colima, because if I studied in Guadalajara, I wouldn't have met my college friends.

I've never been good at sports, therefore running has been so far my go-to excersie. However, I haven't been able to run since I hurt my knee. If my knee didn't hurt, I would have run more last year.

____________________________________

PAST + PRESENT

If Spain hadn't "discovered" America, how would life be now?

If Spain hadn't conquered America, we wouldn't speak Spanish, but native tongues.

If the nazis had won WWII, how would the world be like?

If the nazis hadn't lost in WWII, Germany would be the most powerful country in the world.

Read the following text and then listen to the audio.

University to offer free Spanish courses this trimester.
Due to an influx of exchange students from Spain and Latin America, starting this trimester the university will be offering free Spanish language tuition for interested parties. Participation in these courses is limited, however, and preference will be given to those students taking part in activities directly related to the exchange program. Go to the university website for further details

Question:

The woman expresses her opinion on the language course offered. State her opinion and the reasons she has for holding it.

What is mitosis?

In Biology, the process called mitosis is a part of the cell cycle, in which chromosomes are replicated and separated into two new nuclei. This is a process that only occurs in certain types of cells, called eukaryotic cells.

Most animals undergo this type of mitosis, although the process can vary between one animal and the next. Errors sometimes occur during this process, which is how many forms of cancer come to be.

These are typically caused by having too few or too many chromosomes in the duplicated cells. Some organisms also use mitosis as a form of reproduction.

Explain what mitosis is, and how the professor uses the examples to illustrate it.

Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain the concept of opportunity cost, both in an economic and day-to-day context.

REASONS SHE HAS FOR HOLDING IT: (...) because she thinks that due to the course having no cost, then a lot of people will sign up and just show to half the classes. Additionally, she is still upset that she wasn't able to get into the IT course because of the high demand.

REAL LIFE EXAMPLES: The professor states that when we cut our finger, we heal through mitosis when our cells start to reproduce and end up creating new cells, leading to new flesh and therefore, mending the wound as a result.

Additionally, the teacher uses babies as examples, saying that mitosis in humans is faster in our childhood. However, dogs' mitosis is even faster, reason why a puppy can grow very rapidly over a few months.

Finally, bacteria are also used as an example, due to them often being asexual, meaning that they do not require a partner to reproduce. This can be achieved through mitosis. That is the case of the bacteria called Salmonela, which can reproduce once every 20 minutes.

If I had known what football would bring to my life, then I would have watched my first game since getting out of the hospital when I was born.

Football has given me great moments, like when Drogba scored that amazing header against Bayern Munich in the Champions Final of 2012. If I hadn't watched that game, then I wouldn't have understood why it is called "The Beautiful Game".

What would had happened if Kolo Muani had scored that final shot versus Argentina at the end of the World Cup Final of 2022? Maybe half the world would have been upset due to a certain player not being the one lifting the world's greatest trophy two years ago.

In conclussion, I can assure you that even though my mother gave me my life, it was football that gave me the will to live it.

1. dismissive

2. inattentive

3. not up to the agreed-upon standards

4. treat myself

5. end up

6. overage

7. clumsy

1. I took all my money out of my bank account and gave it to charity.

2. I tried to unlock my front door but it wouldn't open

3. I walked down the street with a crowd of people following me.

4. I came back from my holiday with a broken leg.

5. I tried to turn on my TV but nothing happened.

Firstly, scripts are written by screenwriters. Once the script is ready, the filming process is started when directors and producers come together.

Then, actors are cast by casting directors for the various roles in the movies.

After that, the scenes are filmed either on location or in studios. The desired shots and angles are captured with the cinematographer, who works closely with the director.

Next, when the fliming is complete, the footage starts to be edited.

Actions in progress in the future

We use the future continuous for situations or actions that will be in progress at a certain time in the future.

• This time next week, we‘ll be travelling to Paris. 

• Tomorrow at 10, you‘ll be doing your exam. 

• When you get off the train, I‘ll be waiting on the platform. 

• In two months’ time, we‘ll be lying on the beach and drinking a mojito. 

Future arrangements (=present continuous)

We use the future continuous instead of the present continuous for future events that have already been planned or decided.

• We’ll be coming next weekend.

• We’ll be leaving at 8 a.m. tomorrow.

• This time … (this time tomorrow, this time next week, etc.)

• When …

• At + time … (at 7 tomorrow, at midday next Monday, etc.)

• In … (in 2 weeks, in 3 months, in 5 years, etc)

• In …’ time (in 2 weeks’ time, in 3 months’ time, in 5 years time, etc)

We use the future perfect for actions that will be finished before certain time in the future.

• By 2050, researchers will have found a cure for cancer.

• By this time next year, I’ll have graduated.

• When you arrive tomorrow, we’ll have left.

  
  

Duration until some time in the future

We use the future perfect to talk about the duration of a situation until a certain time in the future.

• By the time I leave, I will have been in England for 6 months.

• In 2 years, we will have been married for 20 years.

• By … (by tomorrow, by next week, by the end of the year, etc.)

• By this time … (by this time tomorrow, by this time next week, etc.)

• In … (in 2 weeks, in 5 years, etc.)

• When/Before …

• By + time expression means ‘not later than’, ‘at’ or ‘before’ certain time.

2.      By 2068, I would like to have had some grandchildren.

3.      By the time I’m 45 years older, I will have reached C2 at English.

4.      When I’m 70, I will have played many videogames.

5.      In 44 years, I will have met a lot of people.

1.      In 44 years, I won’t be working as a lawyer anymore.

2.      By the time I’m 70, I will be retiring.

3.      When I’m 70 years old, I will still be doing exercise.

4.      By 2068, I will be running a business I like.

5.      In 2068 I will be celebrating my 70^th birthday.

Example:

Regular verb = He is swimming in the pool.

Gerund = Swimming has a lot of benefits.

There are many different rules for when we use gerunds.

1. I agree with resting when needed.

2. after (verb +ing)

3. before (verb +ing)

4. In spite of (verb +ing)

5. afraid of (verb +ing)

6. I depend on eating and sleeping properly to be in a better mood.

7. I rely on studying so I can pass the exam.

8. good at (verb +ing)

9. I'm crazy about reading the news.

10. famous for (verb +ing)

11. fond of (verb +ing)

12. I'm interested in trying new food.

13. proud of (verb +ing)

14. complain about (verb +ing)

15. look forward to (verb +ing)

However, not only creatures lived there, but also many people. One of these habitants, was Juan. A young man that resided in a forgetten town that bordered the Pacific coast.

Then, a creature approached him. Faceless, formless, but not voiceless. The mysterious being asked Juan what his concern was. Because of Juan's great fear of death, he didn't even pay much attention to the creature's bizarre aspect, so he answered that he was afraid of dying someday.

Wanting to comfort him, the creature told him that it would make everything in its power to tell him how to avoid death when the time came. Juan, relieved by the creature's answer, stood up and went to his home to sleep.

However, just as the first sip of alcohol entered his mouth, the creature appeared outside of his house. He could barely see its shadowy form through the window. The creature whispered him to stop, but Juan kept drinking to avoid the thought.

One day, Juan fell ill due to his excessive drinking. On his last day, the creature showed up after years of not visiting him.

The creature told Juan that he was about to die. Juan, angry at the creature, demanded an explanation of why it didn't tell him before about his fate. It replied that Juan was warned indeed. It told him that it foresaw Juan's fate in every sip of alcohol he drank, but that Juan decided to ignore the creature.

Juan then understood the creature's message, and felt sorry for not listening to it sooner.

This creature still lurks in México and in every part of the world. It has talked to every human since the beginning of time, and will continue to do so. Even though it was nameless for a while in the past, nowadays some people have come to call it: conscience.

Bob looked at Ed. Ed looked at Bob. Bob hated the way Ed looked at him, with that penetrating gaze. They’d been walking along the beach. The day was cold and misty. Bob had stopped to pick up a piece of driftwood.

And now, with Ed’s inquiring eyes, Bob knew he couldn’t keep it in any longer.

“All right,” he said. “I’ll spill it. I have to. Just listen. Let me get it out. I did it. I killed her. I took a knife and I did it. Was it a fit of rage? I tell myself that, Ed, but I know deep down I’d been planning it for months. After I did it, I wrapped her body in plastic, I tied ropes around her and attached two cinder blocks, put her in the boat and went out beyond Anacapa Island. Right out there, I can point to the spot. And that’s where she is now. I set up an alibi, somebody to lie for me, but I can’t lie to you, Ed. I never could. So there it is. And hey, you know what? I feel better now. I really do.”

Ed just stared at him. Those eyes!

“Okay,” Bob said. “You win.”

Bob hurled the piece of driftwood into the waves.

“Fetch, boy!” Bob said.

1. What are the three legal jurisdictions in the United Kingdom?

2. List some areas where Scots Law and English law differ significantly.

3. What historical influence is the Scottish legal system based on?

4. What is the role of the Scottish Parliament regarding legal matters?

5. What is the age of legal capacity in Scotland and how does it compare to that in England?

6. Describe the jury size and verdict options in Scottish criminal trials.

7. How does Scots law approach contract law differently than English law?

Week 28: 4/7 ✔

Week 29 (sick): 2/7 ❌

Week 30: 4/7 ✔

Week 31: 6/7 ✔

Week 32: 6/7 ✔

Week 33: 6/7 ✔

Week 34: 6/7 ✔

Week 35: 6/7 ✔

Week 36: 7/7 ✔

Week 37: 6/7 ✔

Week 38: 7/7 ✔

Week 39: 6/7 ✔

Week 40 (trip to the USA): 1/7 ❌

Week 41: 7/7 ✔

Week 42: 6/7 ✔

Week 43: 7/7 ✔

Week 44: 6/7 ✔

Week 45: 5/7 ✔

Week 46: 5/7 ✔

Week 47: 4/7 ✔

The pie charts show the amount of revenue and expenditures in 2016 for a children’s charity in the USA. Overall, it can be seen that donated food accounted for the majority of the income, while program services accounted for the most expenditure. Total revenue sources just exceeded outgoings.

In detail, donated food provided most of the revenue for the charity, at 86%. Similarly, with regard to expenditures, one category, program services, accounted for nearly all of the outgoings, at 95.8%. 

The other categories were much smaller. Community contributions, which were the second largest revenue source, brought in 10.4% of overall income, and this was followed by program revenue, at 2.2%. Investment income, government grants, and other income were very small sources of revenue, accounting for only 0.8% combined.

There were only two other expenditure items, fundraising and management and general, accounting for 2.6% and 1.6% respectively. The total amount of income was $53,561,580, which was just enough to cover the expenditures of $53,224,896. 

For the revenue, the sector that contributed the most was Donated Food at 86.60%, whereas Government Grants and Investment Incomes were both the lowest at 0.2%. Additionally, Community Contributions (10.4%), Program Revenue (2.2%) and Other Incomes (0.4%) also contributed to the company’s takings during that period.

On the other hand, Program Services represented the highest expense at 95.8%, and Management and General proved to be the least expensive at 1.6%. Moreover, Fundraising was another activity that took part in the expenses, but just for 2.6%.

In conclusion, both revenue and expenses are dominated by one item each. However, smaller units also complemented them, but for less than 15%.

First of all, the air field will be turned into an industrial estate, which will also be connected to the northern part of the railway. Moreover, the railway will feature a new roundabout in the middle of it, which will lead to the gas station to the south, and the build-up area ring road and the town center to the east. On the other side, both the roundabout of A2 street and the gas station will see no changes.

On top of that, the town center will now have access to the main road, so citizens can expect an easier access to this zone. Additionally, the town center will be connected to the railway and A2 street by a new street called A4, which will be located in the southern part of this area.

Describe each map/chart individually, and then compare it to the new one.

Write&Improve sites.

First, specialist schools have had a steady decrease over the years, with only 2% down, from 12% to 10%. However, the percentage of students that studied in grammar schools have plummeted by half, starting at 24% and ending nine years later with only 12%.

Another similar case are the voluntary-controlled schools, which saw an even larger decrease during this period. In 2000, more than half of the total students attended this kind of schools, but nine years later, only twenty percent remained studying in them.

On the other hand, the number of attending students in community schools soared over this period, from just 12% to an impressive 58% in 2009, which is evidently higher in comparison to the other types of secondary schools.

Overall, the trends for all three cities show fluctuations over the four-year period, with Paris and London attracting more students, while Rome experienced a significant dip before recovering.

In 2011, London had the most visiting students, with approximately 15,000, followed closely by Paris. Rome was slightly higher in 2011, with nearly 20,000 students but experienced a sharp decline in 2012 to around 10,000, making it the least visited destination that year. In contrast, both Paris and London experienced steady growth, with Paris surpassing London by 2013 and peaking at around 22,000 students. However, by 2014, the number of visiting students to Paris decreased slightly, while London maintained a consistent increase, surpassing 20,000.

Rome, despite its earlier drop, showed a recovery starting in 2013 and continued to rise until 2014, though it remained the least visited destination.

-Use adverbs + verbs (steady growth, decrease slightly)

The chart displays where Venezuelan students have traveled to from 2011 to 2014. The cities taken into consideration are Paris, London, and Rome.

Paris is the city that has seen the biggest increase in numbers throughout this period, starting just at 10,000 of visiting students per year in 2012, and doubling that number one year after. Although this city is not in its peak anymore, it was the second most visited city by Venezuelan students in the end of the period, falling behind London by just a little.

Moreover, the numbers of London have not soared like the statistics of Paris. However, the capital of the United Kingdom has seen a steady increment during this four-year period, raising from 15,000 up to almost 20,000.

On the opposite side, the numbers of Rome plummeted in 2012, from approximately 18,000 to 12,000, and then went back to their former state one year after. Nonetheless, such numbers decreased again in 2014, finishing at the bottom of these three cities.

The red line shows the total consumption of this type of energy, which had an important growth for that 59-year period.

More specifically, hydroelectric power was the type of renewable energy that was used the most across these years, being only surpassed by wood energy for a couple of years back in the late 1940s and late 1980s. Wood energy, on the other hand, had a substantial increment during the 1970s, and stayed as the second most consumed type of renewable energy for this period.

Opposite to hydroelectric power and wood, both biofuels and wind were not being used until the 1980s, and only biofuel -which soared in the end of the period- came close to wood energy during 2008. Lastly, wind had very steady consumption levels from the 1980s to early 2000s. However, its use increased during these last years, from around 2004 to 2008.

We use wish + past tense to talk about things that we would like to be different in the present or future (but that are very unlikely or impossible).

• I wish things were different, but this is the way they are.  

• We wish we had enough money to help you.

• I wish I could be there for you tomorrow.  

• I wish I hadn’t quit my job two years ago. 

• I wish we hadn’t wasted all that money. 

• If only I was/were a bit taller!*

• If only you had followed my advice. 

• If only you would make a bit of an effort. You are wasting your life! 

• If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.

• If I hadn’t dropped out of school, I might have a better job now.

Second/Third

• If I were a man, they would have given me the job.  

• If I didn’t have so much work, I would have gone to the party last night.