https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48 en-us 2023-09-21 01:19:18 UTC 2024-02-13 15:31:26 UTC hello@padlet.com chisakoasakawa https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48/wish/2713724481 How did sports culture shape the war between Honduras and El Salvador?
Red = primary source
Blue = secondary source
Green = scholarly source

]]> 2023-09-21 01:27:39 UTC https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48/wish/2713724481 chisakoasakawa https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48/wish/2713726227 This is only one category from a storyboard.]]> 2023-09-21 01:28:41 UTC https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48/wish/2713726227 chisakoasakawa https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48/wish/2713732426 The media does play a role in making football hooliganism into a real issue and concern for everyday fans. The media “distort events and the threat [football hooliganism poses] and [plays] a part in the generation of a moral panic media reports [which] contribute to the difficulties in penetrating the roots of football hooliganism” (Middleton et al., 1989, p.10). The sensationalization and general anxiety around football hooliganism “generated by widely publicised football hooligan incidents and the reflex imposition by the authorities of harsher punishments and more stringent controls appear themselves to be a part of the problem. Although it has helped in many ways make grounds safer for orderly supporters, the practice of segregating and  ‘penning’ rival fans is a possible case in point” (Middleton et al., 1989, p.4). In other words, the media surrounding these hooliganism incidents may have further helped push rival fans apart, helping increase their hostility between each other, largely by blowing these incidents out of proportion.

]]> 2023-09-21 01:32:18 UTC https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48/wish/2713732426 chisakoasakawa https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48/wish/2713738733 The newspapers in Honduras and El Salvador, it seems, did not spare much vocabulary when it came to describing these matches. El Diario de Hoy, a Salvadoran newspaper, has records of the papers it published during the war, including the sports sections of those papers. The image depicts a winning Salvadoran goal in the final match between El Salvador and Honduras, the beginning of the caption reading “El principio del fin para Honduras” which means “the end of the beginning for Honduras” ("La Guerra del fútbol o la Guerra de las 100 horas | Noticias de El Salvador - elsalvador.com", 2021). The source, rather than discussing the Salvadoran win, chooses instead to focus on the Honduran loss, which shows how the media themselves are using the football games as an excuse to pit the Salvadorans against the Hondurans. The war imagery does not stop here, the newspaper describing the win as “una victoria salvadoreña de 3×2 conquistada,” essentially calling the victory a conquest, which has obvious links to battle and war ("La Guerra del fútbol o la Guerra de las 100 horas | Noticias de El Salvador - elsalvador.com", 2021). Newspapers, like El Diario de Hoy, likely helped push the anti Honduran sentiments lingering in El Salvador.

]]> 2023-09-21 01:36:34 UTC https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48/wish/2713738733 chisakoasakawa https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48/wish/2713739532 In a presidential address the Salvadoran president, General Sanchez Hernandez, talks about how he wished that the people of El Salvador would remain immune to the incitements of violence made by an irresponsible and uncontrolled press,” stating how some news sources were “goading Salvadoran mobs against the Honduran athletes and fans” ("ADDRESS BY PRESIDENT OSWALDO LOPEZ ARELLANO", 1969).]]> 2023-09-21 01:37:10 UTC https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48/wish/2713739532 chisakoasakawa https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48/wish/2713740076 The time period is also important to take note of for the world of soccer and sports, looking at how television became the medium for sports broadcasting. The article notes that although television was not widely available at the beginning of 1960’s, in 1963 “a major earth station was constructed in Brazil and the stage was set for major development” ("Who We Are - News - Football and Television : A Natural Partnership - FIFA.com", 2021). The late 1960’s and 1970’s had some of the first globally broadcasted football events, such as the Olympics and the Mexican World Cup. Latin  American broadcasting companies were in heated competition which failed to produce any monetary rewards but did allow for football to become a core part of the national identity ("Who We Are - News - Football and Television : A Natural Partnership - FIFA.com", 2021). Football matches were slowly being brought inside the Latin American home, allowing for greater access. Football’s increased popularity among the latin american population during this time period of the 1960’s may have been assisted by the rise of television, placing football in a position of even greater importance.

]]> 2023-09-21 01:37:36 UTC https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48/wish/2713740076 chisakoasakawa https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48/wish/2713740483 In 1989 there was a study called Television and Neopopulism in Latin America: Media Effects in Brazil and Peru by Taylor C. Boas. In this study Boas looks at how television began to be used as a tool for politicians to spread their ideologies to the general public. In Brazil, “television … enjoys a much higher level of credibility than Brazil’s political institutions” (Boas, 1989). The study showcases similar results for Peru as well. The people watching these football matches must have also encountered the political propaganda broadcasted on their televisions, possibly helping their governments push forward their agendas. This table showcases predictions of election outcomes in Brazil and Peru based on frequency of watching television (Boas, 1989, p. 45). “Only biased campaign coverage emerges as a reliable predictor of media effects” (Boas, 1989, p. 46). This is easily seen, as people begin to watch more television, candidates with biased media coverage have a higher chance of winning the election; there is a greater difference in probabilities between themself and their competitors. Media outlets such as televisions have substantial impacts on public opinion when it comes to political affairs in Latin America. ]]> 2023-09-21 01:37:53 UTC https://padlet.com/chisakoasakawa/1jxj4gn4wo85qk48/wish/2713740483