https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f My 4 year Osteopathic journey at the ESO en-us 2018-05-10 13:35:28 UTC 2025-03-18 10:33:54 UTC hello@padlet.com Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/263639804 2018-05-25 13:43:32 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/263639804 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1539335731 2021-05-19 12:54:49 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1539335731 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1539348671 2021-05-19 12:58:10 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1539348671 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1539846348 2021-05-19 14:44:19 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1539846348 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1539945911 Donning Personal Protective Equipment]]> 2021-05-19 15:05:23 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1539945911 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1566449839 DIEP ]]> 2021-05-27 19:33:35 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1566449839 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1566509955 I have learnt to actively listen to each patient as they are all individual and have different concerns and preferences. At the beginning of year 3, I would take notes as the patient was talking and not spend as much time actively listening, this meant I would have a lot of information but not all of it was necessary. In the middle of year 3 a tutor had a discussion with me to spend more time listening than writing and since then I have practiced and gradually gotten better at actively listening. This has made it easier to write down the necessary information but also to understand when I needed to divulge further with questioning. I also feel this gave the patient more time to announce their concerns and by actively listening rather than constantly note taking I am showing a better level of courtesy towards the patient hopefully making them feel more relaxed especially when talking about more sensitive subjects. In decisions such as having other student observers in the room and the treatment modalities and management available for the patient, it is important to ensure the patient feels in control and allow them to choose their preferred approach. ]]> 2021-05-27 19:56:28 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1566509955 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1569409791 similar to A1, each individual has their own independent concerns and worries. Communication with patients can be more than just verbal, even when their persona may bring them across as confident and happy within the appointment room their body language may show otherwise. In the consultation room patients are in a vulnerable position, having their full medical history available to the practitioner and they can be visibly exposed more than usual during the examination and treatment. It is important to adapt your communication and body language when appropriate. Fortunately having similar experiences as a patient and a student osteopath I have been exposed to what it’s like when in this situation. There have been a few cases in which I noticed non-verbal cues that a patient was uncomfortable, even when they insisted that everything was fine. The most common situation was involving observers; whenever this was noticed I would tell the patient I needed to clarify something with my tutor and needed to walk out. This would involve my peers joining me in which I would ask them not to join me back in the room. Most of the time I would walk back in with the patient expressing ease after finding out my observers wouldn’t be joining me. Fortunately as a student this is something I was aware of early on in clinic and will continue to do so. ]]> 2021-05-28 18:40:50 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1569409791 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1569410455 a common low back working diagnosis is a Disc herniation, in one of my pieces of coursework i had to present a disc herniation poster. i have used this as an aid in giving patients information based on their diagnosis. this includes
-what it is
-why i think it is a disc herniation
-the different levels of severity
-causes
-what management can be in place
-prognosis
learning about this condition and breaking it down into subheadings has made it easier to break down information to the patient.]]> 2021-05-28 18:41:06 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1569410455 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587871873 Two of the main complaints made towards osteopaths in 2013 and 2014 involved obtaining informed consent and inappropriate or ineffective communication. Throughout my education at the ESO, consent has weighed highly on assessment mark sheets for practical exams in clinic and Boxley, up to 25%. Ensuring us as students take the informed consent process seriously and practice it as part of our lead up to our exams. Making it second nature. Fortunately it is rare for my consent gaining to be questioned at clinic as it is something I believe needs to be held to a high standard. This includes adverse effects from treatment, why certain examinations need to take place and ensuring that the patient fully understands what I am doing. In some cases I ask them to repeat what I am about to do and why to ensure they didn’t just sporadically consent to everything whilst I was explaining it. ]]> 2021-06-06 11:42:58 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587871873 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587873764 During an Osteopathic consultation it would be limiting to only offer a patient with physical treatment.  Involving the holistic view of the profession it would be appropriate to pick up small talk with the patient, this could be to do with them wanting to lose weight or give up smoking which in turn can aid many mechanical issues such as OA in the knees or hips and be a risk factor for lumbar disc herniation’s respectively. An example for this is one of my on-going patients that I have seen since the beginning of year 3. They came in with chronic lower back pain which initially improved, that then got worse after a Road traffic accident during the covid lockdown. At this moment in time their pain has improved with a mixture of treatment and lots of prescribed exercises. The reduction in pain has allowed them to move more which in turn has made it easier for them to lose weight. The combined contribution of specific exercises and reduction in weight has helped with their lower back pain and a long standing knee issue. This has visibly improved their outlook on life and general wellbeing with verbal confirmation from the patient. This hasn’t only allowed me to follow the OPS guidelines but has been very rewarding throughout. To get the most out of the time available for the patient I sent emails with video instructions for exercises outside of the treatment time and would check at the beginning of the next consultation to ensure they were being done correctly. The patient initially ruled out activities and sports that they enjoyed as they were very active before coming to the clinic, but is now able to take on light impact activities and is looking to the future for possible low impact sports such as golf or walking football. On reflection I have been very lucky to have a patient for such a long time as a student, I was able to help the patient with pain management as a short term goal but improve their quality of life with long term aims of making them stronger which in turn aided them to improve their body composition and general wellbeing. ]]> 2021-06-06 11:45:53 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587873764 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587875355 Dignity and modesty is something highly focused on in clinic; part of the dignity and modesty process is the informed consent process so patients know why they may need to get undressed if appropriate. This whole process starts off with the patient being made aware at the beginning of the consultation that getting undressed may be necessary, I have also witnessed receptionists recommending that patients bring shorts/leggings if they may be more comfortable. When it’s time for the examination process I offer to step out of the room whilst they dress down to an appropriate level of clothing, and ask them to keep certain areas of clothing on if it is not of concern. The patient is fully aware that they have the option to keep all clothing on if they feel more comfortable that way, meaning I have treated a patient fully clothed a few times. During the pandemic cameras have been installed for tutor observation, the patient needs to consent for the live feed cameras to be on before they are turned on, these cameras are also switched off during the undressing stage of the consultation. Even as a student practitioner I like to keep a friendly but professional persona between myself and the patient; if it is deemed necessary to do so and the patient consents with intimate areas I like to use couch roll to keep a professional, safe and comfortable barrier between myself and the patient. A common example of this is when using soft tissue treatment on the gluteal muscles, I would use techniques such as inhibition with an elbow or knuckle contact so there is less sensory input compared to using my hands. Another example is using the patients hand as a barrier during examination, if I need to contact areas to stabilise the patient whilst they are standing I will ask the patient to place their hand on their chest or abdomen and ask for consent to place my own hand over the top.  Fortunately I feel like this isn’t something I need to work on but just keep to a good level, I have noticed, especially with my female patients, that this has kept a comfortable, professional and friendly persona with my patients as I want to make the patient feel like their dignity, modesty and personal space is respected.  ]]> 2021-06-06 11:48:25 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587875355 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587877178 Evidence indicates that healthcare professionals exhibit the same levels of implicit bias as the wider population with a positive correlation between level of bias and lower quality of care, this means unconscious decisions are being made based on race, gender and social economic status (to name a few). This potentially means that any decisions I have made may have had unconscious bias in them. This is something I will continue to make an effort to address. ]]> 2021-06-06 11:50:50 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587877178 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587878466 An obvious gap in my osteopathic knowledge was apparent during my time in children’s clinic. Due to limited time in clinic in my 4^th year I have only been able to see 3 babies in children clinic. Fortunately the support from tutors has made it easier to catch up with information and I was able to use one of my baby patients case notes with the consent of the baby’s mother to write a case report, in which I was able to breakdown the case and learn more about the conditions, plagiocephaly and torticollis, and their links and how osteopathy can help it. Unfortunately I’m not currently comfortable with my childrens clinic knowledge, but I have put aside time after my CCA to revise more on the subjects. ]]> 2021-06-06 11:52:48 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587878466 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587880236 A personal fear of mine is recognising my own limit within my knowledge. There has been occasions in year 3 with patients where I haven’t fully recognised concerns that the tutor has, in which I have had to be helped with the patient to deem if they are safe to treat or not. Fortunately nearing the end of year 4 I have been picking up concerns with my own and my peers patients which may not have been obvious to others. I still know there are limitations to my own knowledge that need to be filled, and have been logging them when I have come across them. ]]> 2021-06-06 11:55:36 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587880236 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587880651 At the beginning of year 4 we were set an assignment to make a poster presentation for lumbar disc herniation’s. Mine and my peer’s initial thoughts was that this was rather late in our education to make a poster on such a relatively basic bit of knowledge. It was only through the process of using journals, NICE guidelines and relating that to osteopathic principles that I realised I didn’t know as much as I should about the condition. This is a format I have started to use for conditions to learn about the anatomy, clinical presentations, and guidelines towards conditions. ]]> 2021-06-06 11:56:17 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587880651 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587881440 In the first 2 years of the course it has been difficult to reflect on patient care, considering we don’t have patients until year 3. However in year 1 I wrote a reflective piece about how I learnt from an older student by observing them with a patient. I concluded that it was important to reflect on personal accounts and the OPS even as a student. It makes it easier to appreciate how far you have come, what you have learnt along the way and how you would do it differently next time. ]]> 2021-06-06 11:57:29 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587881440 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587882327 A conversion that was made between me and a tutor recently involved the tutor expression his way of reflecting. In his own time he thinks about patients he has treated and wonders about what a different osteopath would look at that may have helped this patient more and faster. It was such an easy way to reflect on each patient without fixating for hours thinking about it. It is something that resonated with me, as it allows for growth as a professional without too much stress. ]]> 2021-06-06 11:58:49 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587882327 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587883233 I have had a mixed bag of results in my CEXs, going from 45% in children’s clinic and 80% in normal clinic. My osteopathic evaluation and care was suitable for me to pass in these exams, yet in the children’s clinic my reasoning and evaluation has always been a weak point for me, yet in normal clinic with a common presentation of low back pain for an adult I am more comfortable in diagnosing and managing conditions. This is something I have stated before that I need to spend time on, in which I have put aside time for after the CCA and before graduation. On top of that I have been fortunate enough to be offered time with experienced future colleagues/friends who have offered mentor sessions in their own free time which I have taken them up on before and that have been very helpful. ]]> 2021-06-06 12:00:17 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587883233 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587887377 2021-06-06 12:06:14 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587887377 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587887546 2021-06-06 12:06:30 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587887546 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587887756 All patient records are completed and upheld to a certain standard. These files are then stored onsite at the clinic in a lockable room in independently locked filing cabinets. Only receptionists or supervised students are allowed to obtain notes and no files are allowed off site. I have had comments previously about my handwriting on the notes, especially when stressed or in a rush. I have started making more of a conscious effort to make my hand writing more legible as in the student clinic the notes tend to go to other student practitioners quite often. ]]> 2021-06-06 12:06:49 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587887756 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587888741 Patients are within their right to ask for copies of their notes, I have never had to copy notes for a patient but have been asked to write a summary for an orthopaedic consultant and a few referrals when agreed between me and the patient. ]]> 2021-06-06 12:08:10 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587888741 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587889038 The COVID-19 pandemic is something we all had to deal with as a nation. We were quickly put into lockdown, resulting in enormous changes within a short space of time. For several months the ESO clinic was closed until the summer. A risk assessment was undertaken by the heads of the Clinic and University before we could return to study and practice.The following changes were made at clinic: 
-smaller clinic groups
-masks to be worn throughout clinic
-PPE was used when in close contact to patients
-a one way system within the clinic
-spacing treatment to allow for cleaning
-swap from tunic to polo
-two receptions were opened to reduce the number of people in one building.
this was all put in place to help keep patients, students and tutors away from harm. ]]> 2021-06-06 12:08:40 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587889038 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587897905 2021-06-06 12:19:52 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587897905 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587901910 Fortunately during the first year and a half of teaching clinic I never came across a patient that I deemed necessary to refer, this could be due to them being systemically well or the fact I had a few patients currently undergoing investigations at the time. This was a good thing for my patients but a bad thing for my professional progression. I was starting to think that I or my tutors may have missed something as most of my colleagues had at least one referral. Ironically after having this conversation with my clinic team about how to write a referral and them offering to show me how: within the space of two weeks I had referred two patients and had some help with the letter writing. The main issue I had during this process wasn’t explaining why I wanted to refer the patient, it was writing the letter to their GP. I struggled to make the letter professional and succinct but polite with asking for a specific investigation/outcome. ]]> 2021-06-06 12:25:30 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587901910 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587902416 This was not a patient of mine but I became involved at reception giving the patient information to try and calm them down. I was able to observe initially at a distance a colleague of mine having to explain to a patient why they wouldn’t be treated today and they needed to go to A&E due to a suspected fracture with a pain scale of 10/10. When the student explained that they would not be treated the patient tried to retract the statements which initially lead to the student believing it to be a fracture. The student handled the situation with stern integrity whilst keeping professionalism without being rude or condescending towards the patient. Whilst the student was writing a referral letter the patient was waiting in reception and being loud towards the receptionist, obviously agitated. Fortunately being presented the case earlier I was able to inform the patient again as to exactly why he wasn’t being treated, after being informed a few times they finally calmed down. I learnt a lot from listening to my colleague in the patient room, the volume and tone of voice of the patient in the room would’ve made me consider stopping the consultation early. Yet my colleague persisted for the good of the patient and got them referred for imaging. ]]> 2021-06-06 12:26:11 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587902416 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587902828 Fortunately I haven’t had any situations where boundaries were trying to be pushed myself. But witnessed an on-going patient practitioner relationship in which the patient pushed the boundaries. They started off with very mild comments towards them in which on their own wouldn’t have been an issue, it was only later after a few sessions where it became more obvious that the comments the patient was making were inappropriate. The student practitioner did the correct thing by informing those in charge and the patient was put with a different practitioner (myself). I was initially not informed of the issues with the patient but they became more apparent when I mentioned a passing comment towards that student practitioner and informed them. After this a safeguarding plan was put in place to reduce any possibility for the patient coming into contact with the student. I personally think the time it took and the initial tolerance towards the patient at reception was too much and the issue was only really resolved when the appropriate parties were informed. On reflection, if this happened during my career with more control over our actions instead of being a student, I would discuss with the patient about the comments and boundaries, and not tolerating them being overstepped a second time. 

]]> 2021-06-06 12:26:55 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587902828 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587904005 During the beginning of student clinic there were times when I and the tutor would come to conclusions on to what the patients working diagnosis is. This would be the time after the examination and it would be appropriate to explain to the patient what we believed was going on, how severe it was and what the management was. At the start of the student clinic I found it difficult to explain what would be considered “the bad news”, even for relatively common issues I would sympathise a little too much and find it difficult to explain to the patient what was going on, even relying on the tutor to explain things to the patient. I have improved my communication with my patients in the explanation process discussing the working diagnosis. But even now I sometimes struggle with explaining degenerative processes and that we are unable to help the patient fix these processes but aid in maintaining as much as we can. As much as I know this may play a mild psychological role in their management, so I am very careful with the wording I use, but I must be honest with my patients and let them know what my working diagnosis is. ]]> 2021-06-06 12:28:35 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587904005 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587905328 Currently at the student clinic the complaints aren’t organised by the students so I am unsure how the process works. But we did get practice in replying to a complaint in one of our modules.]]> 2021-06-06 12:30:41 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587905328 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587906588 All patient records and notes are kept within a secure filing cabinet at the teaching clinic, along with any other private documentation. Even when the notes are out of the filing cabinet being used they are kept with the student practitioner and if the student practitioner does need to leave the notes within the tutor room, these rooms have coded locks on them. Allowing them to be secure at all times. 

]]> 2021-06-06 12:32:22 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587906588 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587907052 The benefits of being a student at a European school is that I have been exposed to a large spectrum of diversity. On top of the education that comes with the degree I have also learnt a lot from my friends and colleagues about their cultures, religions and traditions… this includes being exposed to some amazing food. It is a fortunate position to go from a small minority population town to a diverse population university. This has shown me a characteristic of mine that hasn’t been challenged before which I am grateful to have and that is acceptance. There hasn’t been a time at ESO with a student or a patient where I have struggled to accept an individual’s values or have allowed that to intervene with the conversation at hand. ]]> 2021-06-06 12:33:05 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587907052 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587907579 Ever since I started studying to become an Osteopath a continual theme that has come up when meeting new people, old friends or even friends of my parents finding out what I am studying is asking for private treatment out of a clinical regulated setting. Most of the conversations I have been able to politely shake off and suggested seeing a qualified primary health care practitioner. Other times I have had to repeatedly remind people that I am not qualified and don’t feel comfortable treating them. I have agitated friends and family with these conversations but I am happy within myself for keeping my current and future professional integrity. ]]> 2021-06-06 12:33:55 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587907579 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587909033 As a ESO student we don’t deal with the financial aspect of clinic. We have a business module in the third year which was assessed with a written business plan. This gave me a basic understanding of how a clinic’s financial dealings would be maintained. For any real world dealings I haven’t had any financial experiences within a clinic. This is something I am going to have to learn about when the time comes. ]]> 2021-06-06 12:35:50 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587909033 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587910577 During the Covid pandemic to reduce the contact and mixing between students, it was decided that clinic groups would be split in half and worked according to a rota of in one week and online learning the other week. Therefore this lead to certain patients being shared between practitioners. This is a prime example of student colleagues working together within a clinical setting. This in fact had some quite good treatment outcome across the board as it allowed for different osteopathic concepts and thoughts to be used between practitioners which in some cases allowed for speedy patient outcome. 

]]> 2021-06-06 12:37:48 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587910577 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587911001 As stated in the research below, it can be beneficial to take a multidisciplinary approach with rehabilitating patients; in this case it is low back pain. It is within the patient’s interests to combine or suggest other health care modalities or professionals if you believe that this may help their treatment outcome and optimise patient care. ]]> 2021-06-06 12:38:18 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587911001 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587911821 My own health is something I have taken much more interest in since starting university as it became more apparent there was aspects that could be improved when challenged. I have used the bio psychosocial model to assess how to keep my own health to a standard. I have gone through the lack of each of one of the camps of the models (biological, social and psychological). My physical health diminished when during my first year when I struggled to find time for physical activity, to improve this I started going to the gym in the morning before lectures, my circumstances have changed slightly in where I am now able to go in the evening most nights. My social and psychological aspects were challenged during the pandemic lockdown initially starting with the lack of socialising with family and friends that then started to affect my psychological health, since the lockdown easing these have both improved massively. Something I have learnt is to balance the three, too much or too little of one can affect the others and put them out of balance. ]]> 2021-06-06 12:39:28 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587911821 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587912808 I have not had any issues within the student clinic regarding anything to do with this practice standard, therefore I am unable to comment on this OPS. But I can appreciate how the production of written information would comply with Osteopathic regulatory requirements. 

]]> 2021-06-06 12:40:41 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1587912808 Student_21702265 https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1588113851 References]]> 2021-06-06 16:34:40 UTC https://padlet.com/Student_21702265/1ja1ubu98h8f/wish/1588113851