Diabetes Type 2 by Ahnaf Reza

areza5_1 — 2024-09-05 20:09:08 UTC

Type 2 diabetes is a common condition that causes the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood to become too high. It can cause symptoms like excessive thirst, needing to pee a lot and tiredness.

Cause: Less Insulin Production

areza5_1 — 2024-09-05 20:12:37 UTC

Type 2 diabetes is mainly the result of two problems:

Cells in muscle, fat and the liver become resistant to insulin As a result, the cells don't take in enough sugar.

The pancreas can't make enough insulin to keep blood sugar levels within a healthy range.

Population: People over 45

cgarc228_2 — 2024-09-05 20:14:02 UTC

Type 2 diabetes can affect anyone even children but it is most often seen in individuals over the age of 45.

Population: Genetically inhereted

snmart16 — 2024-09-05 20:17:15 UTC

A lot of individuals with Type 2 Diabetes have a parent or sibling. The risk increases with the number of affected familty member

Cause: Persistent high blood sugar levels

aramos85_2 — 2024-09-05 20:18:04 UTC

Normally diabetes type 2 happens when someone has sugar levels higher than 100 mg/dL at a constant rate and it doesn't usually go down.

Insulin-sensitive tissue

areza5_1 — 2024-09-12 19:59:04 UTC

One of the primary anatomical structures involved in diabetes is the insulin sensitive tissues. When insulin releases into the body the whole process needs to be tightly regulated, since the tissue is insulin sensitive the insulin process will have defects and imbalances.

High Glucose

areza5_1 — 2024-09-12 20:01:19 UTC

Type 2 diabetes is a condition that happens due to a problem in the body that regulates and uses sugar as a fuel. That sugar is known as glucose.

Liver

areza5_1 — 2024-09-12 20:12:27 UTC

One of the main functions of the liver is to maintain healthy blood sugar levels. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, acts as a messenger to alert cells to take up glucose from the blood. But in a liver damaged by fat deposits, scarring or cirrhosis, those cells become less responsive to insulin's signals.

Pancreas

cgarc228_2 — 2024-09-12 20:12:56 UTC

The primary anatomical structure involved in type 2 diabetes is the pancreas. The physiological process causing type 2 diabetes has to do with insulin. If the pancreas doesn't provide enough insulin then it becomes an issue.

Blurry Vision

areza5_1 — 2024-09-19 19:12:38 UTC

When someone has high blood sugar levels, fluids can move in and out of parts of the eye, which causes the eye's lens to get swelled. Which affects your vision to see clearly.

Numbing/Tingling of Feet/hands

areza5_1 — 2024-09-19 19:12:41 UTC

Numbness or Tingling in the hands or feet is one of the symtpoms. This usually feels like pins or needles. This also happens when blood sugar levels are high.

Greater Thirst/Frequent urination

areza5_1 — 2024-09-19 19:12:43 UTC

Being very thirsty and urinating often are common diabetes symptoms. In people who have diabetes, extra sugar known as glucose builds up in the blood. Which forces the kidneys to work overtime to filter and absorb the extra sugar.

When the kidneys can't keep up, extra sugar goes into the urine. And it takes along fluids from the body's tissues. That causes dehydration, which usually leads to a feeling of thirst. Drinking more fluids to quench the thirst then leads to more urination.

Fatigue

areza5_1 — 2024-09-19 19:12:46 UTC

A symptom of type 2 diabetes is fatigue. It's a result of an insufficient amount of sugar moving from the blood to the cells.

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

areza5_1 — 2024-09-19 19:12:50 UTC

For a certain amount of time the patient does not eat anything, then at the doctor's office is given a sugary drink. For the next 2 hours the patients' blood is tested to see how high their sugar levels go.

Blood test

areza5_1 — 2024-09-19 19:12:53 UTC

Type 2 diabetes is normally diagnosed by using the glycated hemoglobin test. It is used to determine your average blood sugar level from the past few months.

Diabetes medications

areza5_1 — 2024-09-19 19:12:57 UTC

Metformin (Fortamet, Glumetza, others) is generally the first medicine prescribed for type 2 diabetes. It works mainly by lowering glucose production in the liver and improving the body's sensitivity to insulin so it uses insulin more effectively.

Lifestyle Changes

areza5_1 — 2024-09-19 19:13:02 UTC

People usaully treat their diabetes with more exercise and also making eating adjustments. People choose to eat healthier so their blood sugar levels are treated.

Eye Problems

areza5_1 — 2024-09-26 19:45:36 UTC

High blood sugar that stay for over time may damage the blood vessels and lenses in your eyes. This can lead to serious diabetic eye problems which can harm your vision and sometimes cause blindness. One example of is Diabetic retinopathy, which is the leading cause of blindness in American adults.

Skin and feet sores and infections leading to amputation

areza5_1 — 2024-09-26 19:45:40 UTC

Diabetes gives people a higher risk of getting sores or infections on their skin and/or feet, worst case scenario the area with a sore or infection gets amputated.

Kidney damage

areza5_1 — 2024-09-26 19:45:43 UTC

Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney disease. Not monitoring or managing your blood sugar levels can cause kidney damage and over time lead to kidney failure. This can lead to the need of dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Medication: Metformin

areza5_1 — 2024-10-03 19:51:49 UTC

In type 2 diabetes a long term treatment that helps with the condition is medication that's Metformin. Metformin helps to control the amount of glucose (sugar) in your blood. The expected cost of metformin medicine for treating type 2 diabetes in the retail price for generic metformin is typically between $10 and $30 for 60 tablets with a 500 mg dosage. On a scale of 1-5, the likelihood of this treatment being fully covered by most insurance is 5. The long term consequences if a person choose not to take the medication can result in withdrawal effects such as high blood sugar and weight gain, as well as long-term complications such as kidney problems, nerve damage, and heart disease.

Insulin Pump

areza5_1 — 2024-10-03 19:52:49 UTC

Insulin pumps are used to transfer insulin into your body in an easier manner .Insulin pumps cost from 4,500$ to 6,500$, the insurance will most likely only cover 80% of the cost. Not including all the extra things that are related to insulin. Some of the consequences of not taking insulin pumps is an increase in pain, more hypoglycemia episodes, and a higher possibility of forgetting to take your medication or your insulin injections.

Weight Loss Surgery

areza5_1 — 2024-10-03 19:52:53 UTC

Weight Loss Surgery is a operation that helps to lose weight which makes changes in the digestive system. In doing this people with Type 2 Diabetes regulates their blood glucose levels. The cost of this treatment ranges from $20,000 to $25,000 depending on the type of surgery, the surgeon fee, follow up procedures and many others. On a scale of 1-5, the likeability of this being covered by insurance is 5. The long-term consequences if a person decides to not take this treatment is that they may have diabetes for a long time and their sugar levels will not be at regular levels.

Psychosocial intervention

areza5_1 — 2024-10-10 19:45:01 UTC

Psychosocial interventions are a group of therapies to address different problems like social, personal, and self-care problems. This is important for diabetes patients so they can have healthy habits to not affect their glycemic control. Short term effect can be reduced symptom severity in the immediate period following intervention. Long term can be sustained improvements in mental health and well-being even after therapy completion. A professional that can help people with psychosocial intervention for diabetes would be diabetologist

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

areza5_1 — 2024-10-10 19:45:04 UTC

Cognitive behavior therapy allows individuals to treat any symptoms that come with type 2 diabetes, improving their quality of life. Depression can be a long term effect of type 2 diabetes if left untreated, but can be improved with this treatment. A psychotherapist would be required to deliver this treatment.

Physical Therapy

areza5_1 — 2024-10-17 19:56:06 UTC

Some physical rehabilitation treatments that can be used to help with body movement impairments caused by type 2 diabetes are joint mobilizations and strengthening exercises. These treatments are used to help improve individual's range of motion and to reduce their pain. A long term effect of type 2 diabetes that this treatment is designed to treat is limited joint mobility. These treatments are often delivered by a physical therapist.

Occupational Therapy

areza5_1 — 2024-10-17 19:56:21 UTC

An occupational therapy that is used to help people change their lifestyle to having diabetes is eating habits therapy. The therapy is supposed to guide people with type 2 diabetes through the change in diet and the day to day change that will cause. The Goal is to treat in the long term for eating habits and balancing it out. Professionals that can help for this treatments are physical therapist that deal with occupational therapy.

Exercise

areza5_1 — 2024-10-24 19:53:23 UTC

Exercise, it's another important part of managing diabetes. When you move and get active, your muscles use blood sugar for energy. Regular physical activity also helps your body use insulin better. On a scale of 1-10 the difficulty of a patient making this lifestyle change would be a 7 since not a lot of people have the motivation or accessibility to necessary fitness materials. Its possible to make these lifestyle change on our own, but a type of professional that can also help with this is a certified fitness trainer.

Healthy Diet

areza5_1 — 2024-10-24 19:53:39 UTC

Having a healthy and balanced diet is necessary when it comes to type 2 diabetes patients. It's important because a healthy diet can help individuals with regulating their blood pressure and control their weight which reduces any risk. From a scale of 1-10 typically people with diabetes would say this lifestyle change is from 8-10. Although some find it easier but for the most part it is difficult because to stick to the diet mainly if the reason, they have diabetes type 2 is because of the food they ate day to day. Aswell as sugar being highly addictive and hard to quit or even cut down from. A professional that could help make the process easier is a registered dietician that specializes in diabetes.

Ethnic minorities

areza5_1 — 2024-10-31 18:52:13 UTC

This group include those who face barriers to accessing healthcare or preventive interventions. Some of these ethnicities are genetically more likely to get diabetes type 2. Particular challenges this population face is low socioeconomic status, undeserved population by certain audiences, and etc.

Pregnant women

areza5_1 — 2024-10-31 18:52:15 UTC

Pregnant women are at greater risk for type 2 diabetes. Pregnant women are at greater risk because pregnancy causes hormonal changed that increase insulin resistance, making it more difficult to regulate blood sugar levels. When getting care for type 2 diabetes pregnant women may face more challenges such as needing medication changes because diabetes medications may be unsafe for the baby.

Healthy Diet

areza5_1 — 2024-11-07 19:54:35 UTC

A healthy diet can help prevent type 2 diabetes by various ways. Such include eating a balanced diet, since a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes can help keep blood glucose levels in check. Some challenges that an individual can face are time constraints, lack of cooking skills, and limited access to healthy food options.

Exercise

areza5_1 — 2024-11-07 19:54:40 UTC

Exercising can help prevent getting Type 2 diabetes because the body will use the sugar or carbohydrates instead of it staying in the body. So the insulin will be more balanced.

Some challenges that people may have with accomplishing this measure are Lack of motivation, depression, no resources, or the lack of time.

Eliminating Disparities in Diabetes Prevention, Access, and Care Act

areza5_1 — 2024-11-14 19:55:24 UTC

This act will help with researching the causes for diabetes in minority communities as well as the effects that type 2 diabetes bring up for them. The access that those communities have might limit the information they gain from the research done through the act.

National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)

areza5_1 — 2024-11-14 19:55:27 UTC

The National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is a well-known program that promotes these lifestyle changes. This program promotes Lifestyle changes to prevent diabetes from happening. These include eating healthier, losing weight, and increasing physical activity. There are challenges such includes the inadequate reimbursement for the healthcare system and low awareness among patients and providers of the program. Alongside, new strategies are needed to expand the reach and effectiveness for Medicare beneficiaries.

Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs)

areza5_1 — 2024-11-21 19:50:24 UTC

Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) is a wearable devices that measure glucose levels in the body's tissues and send the results to a monitor (diagnosis). The major limitation of CGM is the measurement of interstitial glucose levels rather than real-time blood glucose levels

Smart Insulin Pen

areza5_1 — 2024-11-21 19:50:27 UTC

A smart insulin pen helps patients with their insulin treatment by managing the dose amount, dose timing, and dose quality through an app on their phone that connects to the pen. Since those are the biggest challenges that patients come across when taking the insulin. A possible negative aspect of using this insulin pen is that there's a potential for data privacy concerns.