History Link Project by Christopher Park

The White House, Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC, USA

cpark74 — 2021-05-06 23:37:39 UTC

POLITICAL:

President: Joseph R. Biden

Government structure: democratic

The American government has grown over the last decade, as it has over the last century. In contrast from today, our country was initially created by men who believed in limited government, especially at the federal level.

The United States is, of 180 countries ranked, marked 25th least corrupted country, dropping 5 places from 5 years ago.

The United States federal government (US federal government) is the federal government of the United States, a federal republic in North America made up of 50 states, a federal region, five large self-governing territories, and some island dependencies.

The Articles of Confederation, prepared by John Dickinson, and the Declaration of Independence, drafted by Thomas Jefferson, both contain the name "United States of America". The name was officially adopted by the second Continental Congress on September 9, 1776.

Some major in-country revolutions include Bacon’s Rebellion, Whiskey Rebellion, Fries's Rebellion, and most importantly, the American Revolution. Most revolutions were held against the British Government (and the rules they held) during and before the American Revolution.

Empire State Building, New York, NY, USA

cpark74 — 2021-05-07 00:03:02 UTC

ECONOMY:

Exports:
Machinery - $206 Billion -- US exports machinery, electronic equipments, spacecraft and aircrafts, cars, petroleum,. medical equipments, and precious metals / gems

Imports:
Machinery, electrical machinery, vehicles and automobiles, minerals, fuels, pharmaceuticals

The largest company is Walmart, with $377 billion as a revenue

The largest sector of employment include education and health services, with up to 34.1 million employees

Following the Civil War, the United States grew into an economic powerhouse and industrial giant. The construction of railroads to the West opened up large parts of the city to colonization and industrial growth.

US has a mixed economy, with characteristics of both capitalism and socialism

Silicon Valley, CA, USA

cpark74 — 2021-05-07 00:07:26 UTC

SOCIAL:

Population: 330 Million (2021)

24% Age < 18
36.5 % 18 < Age <44
26.5% Age > 64

161.66 Million (males)
166.58 Million (females)

60% White

18.5% Hispanic
12.2% Black
5.6% Asian

2.8% Mixed

0.7% American Indian/Alaska Native

0.2% Pacific Islander

29% Lower class, 52% Middle class, 19% upper class

Top of social hierarchy: CEOs of dominant companies, politicians

Bottom of social hierarchy: Unemployed / low wage

(Pew Research Center)

Mesa Verde National Park, Mesa Verde, CO, USA

cpark74 — 2021-05-07 00:18:00 UTC

CULTURE:

“According to the census, religion in the United States is comprised of Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and the unaffiliated, including atheists or agnostics.” (Lumen Boundless Sociology)

Education:
In 2018, nearly 9/10 (90 percent) of all adults 25 years or older reported they had completed at least high school, or obtained a GED/high school equivalency certificate.

Science/tech:
With the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II, the United States becomes the first nation to manufacture nuclear bombs and the first country to use them in action. It performed over a thousand nuclear experiments and tested several long-range nuclear missile delivery systems before and after the Cold War.
(wikipedia)

Language:

English: 239 M
Spanish: 41 M
Chinese: 3.5 M
Tagalog: 1.7 M
Vietnamese: 1.5 M
Arabic: 1.2 M
French: 1.2 M
Korean: 1.1 M

Food:

Ideally, the most popular American dishes consist of: Thanksgiving dinners, cheeseburgers, hotdogs, nachos, and pizza.

Buildings:
Among the great monuments and buildings, the Mesa Verde National Park holds not a modern, but an ancient form of architecture depicting the lives of Native Americans.

Houston, TX, USA

cpark74 — 2021-05-07 00:19:17 UTC

INTERACTIONS W/ ENVIRONMENTS:

(states) The District of Columbia has the highest population density (11011 people per mile), while Alaska has the smallest (50 people per mile). Although Alaska is popular area for tourism, it does not, in contrast to heavily industrialized states, offer unique or standard jobs from companies such as Apple, Google, or Microsoft. Alaska remains heavily untouched of industrialization, leaving wildlife as it is.

Climate:
As the world's largest economy and the leading historical emitter, the United States wields enormous influence on how climate issues are resolved. Climate change is threatening to devastate the United States, wreaking havoc on the economy, public health, and the environment, and public and political pressure for drastic action has grown sharply in recent years. (WSI)

Agriculture:
Agriculture is a significant industry in the United States, and is a net food exporter. According to the 2007 agricultural census, there were 2.2 million farms occupying 922 million acres, with an average farm size of 418 acres. (WIKIPEDIA)

Natural Disasters:

Most common disasters in the Western area are wildfires, while central America faces a lot of tornadoes and winder storms. The Eastern part of United States face hurricanes.

Diseases:
Of the diseases in United States, Heart Diseases is the dominant cause of death in the country (CDC), with nearly 630,000 deaths per year.

Russian Federation Government House

cpark74 — 2021-05-08 02:48:03 UTC

POLITICAL:

President: Vladimir Putin

Government structure: independent, right-wing

Russia's affairs were conducted within the context of the federal semi-presidential republic. The President of Russia is the head of state and of a multi-party democracy with executive authority exercised by the cabinet, which is led by the Prime Minister, who is chosen by the President with the consent of the parliament

During the Soviet era the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (the R.S.F.S.R.) was subject to a series of Soviet constitutions (1918, 1924, 1936, 1977), under which it nominally was a sovereign socialist state within (after 1936) a federal structure. Until the late 1980s, however, the government was dominated at all levels by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

The problem of corruption is deeply rooted in Russia's historical form of public government and is due to the country's overall lack of rule of law. Russia was ranked 129th out of 180 countries in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index in 2020, the lowest in Europe.

Most territorial / border changes in Russia were results of war over neighboring countries / groups

Some major in-country revolutions include the Uprising of Stenka Razin, Pugachev’s Rebellion, Decembrist Revolt, November Uprising, and the First Russian Revolution

(WIKIPEDIA)

Elista, Russia

cpark74 — 2021-05-08 02:49:44 UTC

SOCIAL

Population: 145.984 Million (2021)

18.15% Age < 14
66.75% 15 < Age < 64

15.53% Age > 65

78.626 Million (males)

68.123 Million (females)

77.7% Russian
3.7% Tartar
1.4% Ukrainian
1.1% Bashkir
1% Chuvash
1% Chechen
14.1% Other

Top of social Hierarchy: Royalty, nobility, higher clergy, high tier government officials

Bottom of social hierarchy: unemployed, farmers (landless + has land)

(Pew Research Center, CIA World Factbook)

Lake Baikal, Russia

cpark74 — 2021-05-08 02:51:41 UTC

INTERACTIONS WITH ENVIRONMENT

(Cities) Moscow has the highest population (12636312) while Nenets Autonomous Okrug has the least (44404)

The Russian capital is the center of political, industrial, business, and cultural life in Russia. Wages in Moscow are higher than in Russia on average, and more opportunities for employment and investment are available in the capital. As a majority of Russia is urban, many job opportunities with success rates would not be avaiable in those areas.

The Russian landscape varies from desert to frozen coastline, tall mountains to giant marshes. Much of Russia is made up of rolling, treeless plains called steppes. Siberia, which occupies three-quarters of Russia, is dominated by sprawling pine forests called taigas.

Forest fires and river flooding plague Central Russia, while powerful earthquakes strike the country's Far East. Natural disasters are uncommon in Russia, although some areas are more vulnerable than others. Hot waves, floods, earthquakes, and freezing rain have all struck Russia in recent years.

(WIKIPEDIA)

Climates:
Russia unveiled a draft long-term plan in late March aimed at diversifying the economy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Given Russia's economic clout and position as the world's fourth-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the country's long-term agenda is critical to the global effort to reduce emissions quickly and avert the worst effects of climate change. (WSI)

Agriculture:

Agriculture in Russia survived a severe transition decline in the early 1990s as it struggled to transform from a command economy to a market-oriented system (RUSSIA)

Diseases
One of the most common diseases in Russia are circulatory system diseases, with approximately 574 deaths per 100000 people.

Derbent, Russia

cpark74 — 2021-05-08 02:52:21 UTC

CULTURE:

Russia's primary religion is Orthodox Christianity. It is the confession of almost all Slavic peoples and nationalities that live in Russian Federation territories, as well as some large non-Slavic ethnic groups including the Chuvash, Komi, Georgians, Ossetians, Armenians, Mordovians, and others (WIkipedia)

Education:
At all levels of education, male and female students have equal representation, with the exception of tertiary education, where women have a 57 percent share. According to a 2015 survey by the US Central Intelligence Agency, Russia's literacy rate is 99.7%. (99.7 percent for men, 99.6 percent for women).

Science/tech:

Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who became the first human to enter space on April 12, 1961, when his Vostok 1 capsule completed one orbit of Earth, marking a major milestone in the Space Race. (NASA)

Language:

Russian: 85.7%
Tatar: 3.2%Chechen: 1%other: 10.1%

Food:
Pelmeni is considered Russia's national meal. They're meat-filled pastry dumplings wrapped in a small, pasta-like dough. They can be eaten plain or with a soup broth, slathered in butter and topped with sour cream.

Buildings/Structure:
St. Basil's was built by order of Tsar Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) to commemorate the capture of the Tatar stronghold Kazan in 1552. Legend holds that the architects were blinded by Ivan the Terrible after they completed the Cathedral so that they could not replicate such a beautiful structure.

St Petersburg, Russia

cpark74 — 2021-05-08 02:53:49 UTC

ECONOMY:

Exports:

Petroleum and petroleum products, naturals gas, metals, wood and wood products, chemicals, and military manufactures (est. $353 billion)

Imports:
Machinery, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, plastic, metal products, food (meat, fruits, etc)

With towering cities and beautiful lakes, Russia is a mix of both urban and rural areas, most popular for producing gas reservers and producers.

Around 30% of Russia's labor force works in services sector including agriculture

Largest company is Gazprom with a net income of $2.25 billion and a market capitalization of $80.56 billion

Russia’s economic system has mutated, neither a non monetized command economy nor a monetized market economy

Victoria, Australia

cpark74 — 2021-05-08 02:55:41 UTC

CULTURAL:

More than 88 percent of the population was Christian fifty years ago, according to census reports. It has now risen to just over 52%. The Muslim and Hindu communities in the country have both grown by more than 100,000 people since the last census in 2011, but they still still account for 2.6 percent and 1.9 percent of the population, respectively. (CNN)

Education:

Over the last 20 years, the percentage of Australians with a bachelor's degree or higher has more than tripled, hitting 39 percent in 2020. The tertiary education system in Australia is made up of both public and private organisations.

Science/tech:
A few months ago, a team of scientists and researchers at Melbourne took delivery of the first pieces of hardware that may ultimately build Australia’s first space telescope, Skyhopper (CNN)

Language:

English: 83.4%

Mandarin:2.5%
Arabic: 1.4%

Cantonese: 1.2%

Vietnamese: 1.2%

Italian: 1.2%

Greek: 1%
Hindi: 0.7%

Spanish: 0.6%

Punjabi: 0.6%

Food:
In 1980, kangaroo meat was made legal for human consumption in South Australia. It could only be sold as pet food in New South Wales, Queensland, and Victoria until 1993. Kangaroo was once scarce, but it is now more widely consumed in Australia.

Building/Structure:
The Sydney Opera House is one of the most photographed structures in the world, thanks to its unusual roof arrangement of gleaming white sail-shaped shells. Sydney's most well-known landmark is the renowned performing arts center.

Kirribilli House (Residency of the Australian Prime Minister)

cpark74 — 2021-05-08 02:58:31 UTC

POLITICAL:

Prime Minister: Scott Morrison

Government structure:
liberal

The Australian Government is the state government of Australia's federal representative constitutional monarchy. The Australian government is split into three divisions, similar to most Westminster-style governments: executive (the prime minister, cabinet, and government departments), legislative (the Australian Parliament), and judiciary.

The creation of the United States of America was a groundbreaking political accomplishment. Colonies had jostled for position in order to defend their rights. The smaller colonies worried that their interests would be neglected by the larger colonies as New South Wales clashed with Victoria for power. Australia gained a measure of democracy as a result of Federation.

Corruption in Australia is relatively uncommon when compared to other nations worldwide. Transparency International's 2016 Corruption Perceptions Index ranks the country 13th place out of 176 countries.

Border changes have not occurred in Australia itself (since it's basically an island without neighboring countries

The name Australia is derived from the Latin australis, meaning "southern", and specifically from the hypothetical Terra Australis postulated in pre-modern geography.

Australia did not have any major revolts or rebellions within the country, as its laws and government system were rotated around the citizens themselves.

(WIKIPEDIA)

Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park

cpark74 — 2021-05-08 03:00:29 UTC

INTERACTIONS WITH ENVIRONMENT

(states) Australian Capital Territory (The area near Sydney) has the highest density, with 445.89 people per square mile. Northern territory has the smallest, around 81 people per mile

Sydney is a lively city renowned for its yacht-filled harbor, beautiful beaches, and the world-famous Opera House with its soaring sail frame. Sydney, Australia's most populous and cosmopolitan city with an exciting cuisine, culture, and entertainment scene, was once a British colony of banished convicts.

A majority of Australia lacks transport systems, such as train, bus services, along with affordable housings

(WORLD ATLAS)

Climate: Australia's recently unveiled strategy to combat climate change over the next decade seeks a 26-28 percent reduction in pollution from 2005 levels by 2030. Some of the country's main competitors, such as the United States and the European Union, are agreeing to more ambitious emissions reduction goals. (WSI)

Natural disasters in Australia can include heatwaves, bushfires, droughts, floods, severe storms and tropical cyclones, earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides.

Australia, a continental island, has a diverse geography, ranging from the snow-capped mountains of the Australian Alps and Tasmania to vast deserts, tropical and temperate forests, grasslands, heathlands, and woodlands.

Agriculture:

Despite being the world's driest region, with the majority of the country arid, Australia is a major agricultural producer and exporter, employing over 325,300 people in agriculture, forestry, and fishing as of February 2015. Agriculture and closely associated industries bring in $155 billion a year, accounting for 12% of GDP (WIKIPEDIA).

Diseases:

Influenza is most common in Australis with over 313,000 existing cases

Brisbane, Australia

cpark74 — 2021-05-08 03:02:57 UTC

SOCIAL:

Population: 25.455 Million (2021)

22.73% Age < 19
51.65% 19 < Age < 44
27.21% Age > 45

12.6 Million (males)
12.6 Million (females)

25.9% English
25.4% Australian
7.5% Irish
6.4% Scottish
3.3% Italian
3.2% German
3.1% Chinese
1.4% Indian
1.4% Greek
1.2% Dutch
15.8% Other

Top of social Hierarchy: Politicians, CEOs, government officials

Bottom of social hierarchy: unemployed, low income workers

(Lumen Boundless Sociology, CIA World Factbook)

Port Lincoln SA, Australia

cpark74 — 2021-05-08 03:06:19 UTC

ECONOMY

Exports:

Iron ores / concentrates, ($61 Billion), coal ($60 billion)

Imports:

Machinery, electrical machinery, vehicles, mineral fuels / oil

Health Care and Social Assistance is the most popular employment sector with over 1,000,000 active workers

Largest company is CSL, with the revenue of $8.539 billion and a net income of $1.919 billion

The economy of Australia is a highly developed mixed economy. As of 2021, Australia was the 12th-largest national economy by nominal GDP (Gross Domestic Product), 18th-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP, and was the 25th-largest goods exporter and 20th-largest goods importer.

Australia’s economic system is also mixed, combined with centralized economic planning and government regulation