He suggested that if an environment that fosters self-disclosure, openness, acceptance, and empathy are provided then the person grows and exhibits his fullest potential. He strongly believed that one attains self-actualization when he/she achieves his goals wishes and desires. However, he opined that attaining self-actualization in itself is not the destination or end of the journey rather the experiences throughout the journey fostering both positive and negative emotions.

My lessons – For any individual, self-worth, self-image, and ideal-self are important. An individual’s self-image depends on how much he or she is able to meet the ideal-self goals. During a child’s developmental journey, his self-worth and self-image are mostly impacted by positive regard by external factors such as parents’ reaction, teachers’ interaction, friends’ association, and others. As educators, we can provide experiences and an environment that encourages openness, acceptance, and empathy which help children shape into happy individuals.

He suggested that if an environment that fosters self-disclosure, openness, acceptance, and empathy are provided then the person grows and exhibits his fullest potential. He strongly believed that one attains self-actualization when he/she achieves his goals wishes and desires. However, he opined that attaining self-actualization in itself is not the destination or end of the journey rather the experiences throughout the journey fostering both positive and negative emotions.

My lessons – For any individual, self-worth, self-image, and ideal-self are important. An individual’s self-image depends on how much he or she is able to meet the ideal-self goals. During a child’s developmental journey, his self-worth and self-image are mostly impacted by positive regard by external factors such as parents’ reaction, teachers’ interaction, friends’ association, and others. As educators, we can provide experiences and an environment that encourages openness, acceptance, and empathy which help children shape into happy individuals.

 

The importance of social interaction in children’s learning and their behaviour was the central idea of Vygotsky’s theory. He is acknowledged for his idea of the zone of proximal development (ZPD): the distance between what a student can do on their own, and what they can accomplish with the support of someone more knowledgeable in the particular field. As per Vygotsky, gaining knowledge involves skills that a child is yet to acquire or cannot do so on their own, yet they can acquire the same with the assistance of someone more knowledgeable in the same field. The application of this theory is in development of effective learning environment for the students where less knowledgeable students are assisted by parents, teachers or paired with more knowledgeable classmates. Thus by, creating a ‘zone’ of knowledge development in the proximity of the student. 

 

My takeaway: This is a very effective framework to understand how a child’s social construct defines the skills and knowledge they develop in their early years. Using this theory, as a teacher I can engage students to witness their more knowledgeable peers to acquire new knowledge and abilities, especially in an online education setting. 

 

The importance of social interaction in children’s learning and their behaviour was the central idea of Vygotsky’s theory. He is acknowledged for his idea of the zone of proximal development (ZPD): the distance between what a student can do on their own, and what they can accomplish with the support of someone more knowledgeable in the particular field. As per Vygotsky, gaining knowledge involves skills that a child is yet to acquire or cannot do so on their own, yet they can acquire the same with the assistance of someone more knowledgeable in the same field. The application of this theory is in development of effective learning environment for the students where less knowledgeable students are assisted by parents, teachers or paired with more knowledgeable classmates. Thus by, creating a ‘zone’ of knowledge development in the proximity of the student. 

 

My takeaway: This is a very effective framework to understand how a child’s social construct defines the skills and knowledge they develop in their early years. Using this theory, as a teacher I can engage students to witness their more knowledgeable peers to acquire new knowledge and abilities, especially in an online education setting. 

 

The importance of social interaction in children’s learning and their behaviour was the central idea of Vygotsky’s theory. He is acknowledged for his idea of the zone of proximal development (ZPD): the distance between what a student can do on their own, and what they can accomplish with the support of someone more knowledgeable in the particular field. As per Vygotsky, gaining knowledge involves skills that a child is yet to acquire or cannot do so on their own, yet they can acquire the same with the assistance of someone more knowledgeable in the same field. The application of this theory is in development of effective learning environment for the students where less knowledgeable students are assisted by parents, teachers or paired with more knowledgeable classmates. Thus creating a ‘zone’ of knowledge development in the proximity of the student. 

 

My takeaway: This is a very effective framework to understand how a child’s social construct defines the skills and knowledge they develop in their early years. Using this theory, as a teacher I can engage students to witness their more knowledgeable peers to acquire new knowledge and abilities, especially in an online education setting. 

In the initial years, he started his career as an author, later he was influenced by the work of the Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov on conditioned reflexes and on behaviourism by Bertrand Russell, and John B. Watson. Skinner completed his PhD from the prestigious Harvard University in 1931.

In his illustrious teaching career, Skinner was associated with the University of Minnesota, in Minneapolis (1936-1945) as Professor before moving to Indiana University, Bloomington as professor of Psychology till 1948. He returned to Harvard as a tenured Professor in 1948 and remained there for  for the rest of his life. 

During his early ages, he enjoyed building and inventing things; a skill he used later in his own psychological experiments. His creative and innovative nature was reflected from his invention of different instruments like the Operant conditioning chamber also called as the Skinner box, Cumulative recorder, Air crib, Teaching Machine, Pigeon guided missile, Verbal summator etc.

B. F. Skinner was best-known for his influence on behaviourism. Skinner referred his own philosophy as 'radical behaviourism', which views human behaviour in terms of responses to environmental stimuli.  His theory on behavioural psychology was known as Operant conditioning. Just before his death, Skinner. In the year 1990, received the ‘Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to Psychology Award’, by the American Psychological Association.

 

The consequences of a response determine the probability of it being repeated. Reinforcement is the key control of behaviour. The behaviour that are rewarded (positive reinforcement) will be repeated while those are punished (negative reinforcement) will less likely to be repeated (Operant conditioning).

 

 

 

In the initial years, he started his career as an author, later he was influenced by the work of the Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov on conditioned reflexes and on behaviourism by Bertrand Russell, and John B. Watson. Skinner completed his PhD from the prestigious Harvard University in 1931.

In his illustrious teaching career, Skinner was associated with the University of Minnesota, in Minneapolis (1936-1945) as Professor before moving to Indiana University, Bloomington as professor of Psychology till 1948. He returned to Harvard as a tenured Professor in 1948 and remained there for  for the rest of his life. 

During his early ages, he enjoyed building and inventing things; a skill he used later in his own psychological experiments. His creative and innovative nature was reflected from his invention of different instruments like the Operant conditioning chamber also called as the Skinner box, Cumulative recorder, Air crib, Teaching Machine, Pigeon guided missile, Verbal summator etc.

B. F. Skinner was best-known for his influence on behaviourism. Skinner referred his own philosophy as 'radical behaviourism', which views human behaviour in terms of responses to environmental stimuli.  His theory on behavioural psychology was known as Operant conditioning. Just before his death, Skinner. In the year 1990, received the ‘Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to Psychology Award’, by the American Psychological Association.

 

The consequences of a response determine the probability of it being repeated. Reinforcement is the key control of behaviour. The behaviour that are rewarded (positive reinforcement) will be repeated while those are punished (negative reinforcement) will less likely to be repeated (Operant conditioning).