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      <title>the state of language teaching during the Tanzimat Period by Elif Dede</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny</link>
      <description>Hiçbir pişmanlık duyulmadan yapıldı</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2022-03-07 20:48:47 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2022-03-16 21:30:08 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
      <image>
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      <item>
         <title>1846</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082529724</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti and Darülfünun were founded.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-07 20:49:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082529724</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1848</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082529904</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Darülmuallim (Teachers' school) was founded.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-07 20:49:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082529904</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1868</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082546305</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>&nbsp;Galatasaray Sultanisi was opened</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:01:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082546305</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1869-Maarif-i Umumiye Nizamnamesi</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082546995</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Maarif-i Umumiye Nizamnamesi, which takes the French education system as an example, was published.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:02:29 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082546995</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1870- Darülmuallimat</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082547679</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>A girls' teacher's school named Darülmuallimat was opened.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:02:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082547679</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1857- Mekteb-i Osmânî</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082552107</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In Paris, preparatory school&nbsp; named as Mekteb-i Osmânî was opened.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:06:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082552107</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1839-Mektebi Maarif-i Adliye</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082553901</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Mektebi Maarif-i Adliye<br>French and Persian were taught.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:07:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082553901</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1776</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082580204</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Ottoman Imperial Maritime Engineering School</strong> -<strong>Mühendishane-i Bahr-i Hümâyûn</strong> was founded.<br>The language of instruction was English because the instructors were english&nbsp;<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:27:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082580204</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1796</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082581007</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Ottoman Imperial Land Engineering School</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:28:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082581007</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1827</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082581350</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Ottoman Medical School</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:28:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082581350</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1834</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082581954</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Military School</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:29:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082581954</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1882-Sankt Georg Austrian High School</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082587066</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Sankt Georg Austrian High School was found.<br>German education is given officially in schools.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:34:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082587066</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1868</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082587818</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>German High School and mekteb-i sultani were found.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:34:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082587818</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1838-Mekteb-i Rüştiye</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082591621</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Mekteb-i Rüştiye was founded.<br>Persian, French were taught.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:38:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082591621</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1874</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082593764</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Galatasaray Darülfunun-u Sultani Hukuk Mektebi (law school)<br>Galatasaray Mühendis Mektebi (school of engineering)<br>Galatasaray(school of letters)<br>Three school- MektebiAaliye-i Sultaniye</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:40:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082593764</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1864</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082597440</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Lisan Mektebi- The Ottoman Foreign Language School<br>Although the language school was initially opened for French education, languages such as English, Arabic, Slavic, German, Greek, Armenian and Bulgarian were added later.</div><blockquote> <em>Özkan, S. H. (2010). Osmanlı Devletinde Yabancı Dil Eğitimi/Foreign Language Education in the Ottoman Empire, Turkish Studies, International Periodical for the languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 5(3). </em></blockquote><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:43:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082597440</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1892</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082598446</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Lisan Mektebi,opened again</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:44:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082598446</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>After 1908</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082600986</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>&nbsp;After the Second Constitution, the Ottoman relations developing with the Germans increased the German teaching as a foreign language in the Ottoman schools. A great importance was given to foreign language teaching in the High Schools named Sultani increasing after 1908. It was adopted to teach German and English as an elective foreign language as well as French as obligatory foreign language.&nbsp;</div><blockquote>&nbsp;Boyacıoğlu, F. (2015). The historical development of the foreign language education in Ottoman Empire. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 651– 657.&nbsp;</blockquote><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-07 21:46:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2082600986</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1669</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2087010503</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>School of Language for Boys<br>Built by Capuchin priests.<br>Turkish and French were taught.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-09 22:25:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2087010503</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1870-Darülfünun-u Sultani</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2087014836</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Darülfünun-u Sultani was founded.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-09 22:30:14 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2087014836</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1890-Darülfünun-u Şahane- İstanbul University</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2087015154</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Darülfünun-u Şahane- İstanbul University was founded.<br>French was taught.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-09 22:30:36 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2087015154</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1868</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2091067706</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Infants/Sıbyan Schools<br>elementary training school.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/1617411776/2cfcadb2886834941c172a9cc76e0c5b/audio.mp3" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-11 20:23:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2091067706</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1821</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2091068339</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Bab-ı Ali Translation Chamber</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/1617411776/8198cf22ebacd51a2ffd17ebcd0324e5/audio.mp3" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-11 20:24:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2091068339</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1863-Robert College</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2096613668</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Robert Collage was founded.<br>This school, which was opened to spread American culture, was taught in English and education programs were followed in a way similar to contemporary colleges in England. Abdülhamit had forbidden the Turks to study in this school. According to the Ramsay report published in 1909, it is reported that only two Muslim girls graduated from the Üsküdar American Girls' College, which was opened in 1871. When the Young Turks came to power, it was decided that every year five boys should be educated at Robert College and five girls should be educated at Üsküdar American College for Girls. This limitation was removed in the Republican period.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-15 18:55:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2096613668</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1928-1946</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2096619530</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Türk Maarif Cemiyeti ( Turkish Education Society) was established on 31 January 1928. The name of the association was changed to "Turkish Culture Association" in 1934 and "Turkish Education Association" on 08 June 1946<br>In the 1951-1952 academic year, preparatory classes were opened and English education began.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-15 18:59:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2096619530</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1869</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2096725963</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>English, German and French were added to state schools instead of Arabic and Persian.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-15 20:18:36 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2096725963</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1944</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2096732009</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In 1848, the English department was added to the Darülmuallimin (teaching school) in 1944, and English teachers began to be trained.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-15 20:23:51 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2096732009</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1952</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2096732792</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>After 1951, TED College switched to English education.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-15 20:24:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2096732792</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1956</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2096733822</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Anatolian high schools were opened, English became popular.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-15 20:25:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2096733822</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1873-Darüşşafaka High School</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2097993160</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Opened by the Turks and great for French teaching<br>Darüşşafaka High School, which was opened in 1873, is the first Turkish private high school that gives importance to<br>has been.</div><blockquote>&nbsp;• Çakır, İ. (2007). Osmanlı'dan günümüze yabancı dil öğretimi süreci. Nüsha, 0(24), 37- 45.&nbsp;</blockquote>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-16 13:10:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2097993160</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1863-Boğaiçi University</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2098057677</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Boğaziçi University was established.&nbsp; initially accepted Armenian, Bulgarian, Jewish and Greek students.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-16 13:40:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2098057677</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>References</title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2098678713</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>&nbsp;Özkan, S. H. (2010). Osmanlı Devletinde Yabancı Dil Eğitimi/Foreign Language Education in the Ottoman Empire, Turkish Studies, International Periodical for the languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 5(3). https://tinyurl.com/ye3jlcpm&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp;Çakır, İ. (2007). Osmanlı'dan günümüze yabancı dil öğretimi süreci. Nüsha, 0(24), 37- 45. https://tinyurl.com/2p8v97jx&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp;Boyacıoğlu, F. (2015). The historical development of the foreign language education in Ottoman Empire. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 651– 657. https://tinyurl.com/5a4vjcpy&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp;Erarslan, A. (2018). Strengths and weaknesses of primary school English language teaching programs in Turkey: Issues regarding program components. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 325-347. (Read the literature review part only. It gives you an understanding of the changes in the primary school teaching programs) https://tinyurl.com/2p8chphm&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp;Yücel, E. Dimici, K. Yıldız, B., &amp; Bümen, N.T. (2017). Son 15 Yılda Yayımlanan İlk ve Ortaöğretim İngilizce Dersi Öğretim Programları Üzerine Bir Analiz. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 18(2), 702-737. https://tinyurl.com/mvewtu58&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-16 19:10:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2098678713</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>elifdede1296</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/elifdede1296/1feefahb9rbdqyny/wish/2098840048</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-16 21:30:08 UTC</pubDate>
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