Autonomic Nervous System by Brittany Bailey https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f The Autonomic Nervous System ... en-us 2023-02-14 04:33:02 UTC 2025-09-24 22:12:31 UTC hello@padlet.com Two Division of the Autonomic Nervous System: brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480918141 1) Sympathetic Nervous System (adrenergic)
2) Parasympathetic Nervous System (cholingergic)

]]> 2023-02-14 04:36:23 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480918141 1) Sympathetic Nervous System brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480918442  - Neurotransmitters:
 
 - 1) Acetylcholine (ACH) is released at ganglia, 
 - 2) Norepinephrine (NE) is released at postganglionic nerve endings]]> 2023-02-14 04:36:47 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480918442 2) Parasympathetic Nervous System brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480926325  - Neurotransmitter:

1) Acetylcholine (ACH) - released at ganglia AND postganglionic nerve endings 


]]> 2023-02-14 04:46:58 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480926325 1) Sympathetic Nervous System brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480927094 -Receptors- (Four Types) :

      1) Alpha- 1: located on glands, smooth muscle, eyes, most arteries, veins
      2) Alpha-2: located on adrenergic nerve endings
      3) Beta-1: located on the heart
      4) Beta-2: located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscles arteries, coronary arteries ]]> 2023-02-14 04:48:05 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480927094 2) Parasympathetic Nervous System brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480927325 -Receptors- Two Types:

1) Muscarinic:
        - located at cell membranes of visceral organs and glands
2) Nicotinic - Two Types:
        a)Nicotinic-Nerve (Nn) -located at both parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia
        b)Nicotinic-muscle (Nm)- located on cell membranes of skeletal muscles (somatic)]]> 2023-02-14 04:48:24 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480927325 Autonomic Nervous System brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480927569 2023-02-14 04:48:45 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480927569 1) Sympathetic Nervous System brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480929302 - End Organ Responses

1) Alpha-1:
       -On most arteries and veins, causes vasoconstriction (increases blood pressure)
        -On eyes, dilates the pupils (mydriasis)
2) Alpha-2:
        -On adrenergic nerve endings, causes vasodilation (decreases blood pressure)
3) Beta-1:
       -On the heart, causes increased force of contraction (inotropic), increased heart rate (chronotropic), and increased conduction (dromotropic)
4) Beta-2:
      -On bronchiolar smooth muscle, causes muscle relaxation and bronchodilation
       -On uterus, causes uterine relaxation 
       -On coronary and skeletal muscle blood vessels, causes relaxation of blood vessels and vasodilation

]]> 2023-02-14 04:51:16 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480929302 2) Parasympathetic Nervous System brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480930057 - End Organ Responses:

1) Heart: decreases heart rate and AV conduction, slight decrease in contractility
2) Intestines, GI motility, and secretions: Increased digestion, increased GI secretions
3) Postganglionic Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine (ACH) released
4) Pupil of the Eye: constriction (miosis)
5) Respiratory passages, lower: bronchoconstriction
6)  Urinary bladder and Sphincter: increased urination]]> 2023-02-14 04:52:20 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480930057 1) Sympathetic Nervous System brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480931455 - Drug Classifications:

1) Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists:
                - alpha-1 receptor is stimulated
              - contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increases BP
              - vasoconstriction of nasal passages --> decongestant effect   
2) Adrenergic Agonists:
                - stimulates all alpha and beta receptors, an exception
                - vasopressor- vasoconstriction, increases BP
                - cardiac stimulant
                - bronchodilator
3) Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers:
                - binds to alpha-1 receptors and blocks them
                - relaxation of smooth muscle
                - vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases BP
4) Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists:
                  - low-dose: stimulates dopaminergic (d-1) receptors in kidneys causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow
                  - moderate-dose: stimulates beta-1 receptors-heart, increases force of contraction
                  - high-does: stimulates alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction --> increase in blood pressure
5) Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists:
                - stimulate Beta-2 receptors
               - relaxation of smooth muscle of the lungs--> bronchodilation
               - relaxation of smooth muscle of uterus
6) Beta Blockers (two Types):
       1) Selective:
               - beta-1 receptor is blocked (antagonizes effects of NE and EPI)
              - decreases force of contraction (negative inotropic) , decreases cardiac output
              - decreases HR (negative chronotropic)
              - decreases conduction (negative dromotropic)
              - decrease in cardiac output also decreases BP
      2) Non-Selective:
              - block beta-1 and beta-2 receptors 
              - decreases force of contraction (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output 
              - decreases HR (negative chronotropic) 
              - decreases conduction (negative dromotropic) 
              - decrease in cardiac output also decreases BP
              - can cause bronchoconstriction 

]]> 2023-02-14 04:54:41 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480931455 2) Parasympathetic Nervous System brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480931940 - Drug Classifications:

1) Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonists:
             - directly stimulate/bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division 
             - mimics ACH
2) Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agents:
             - inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that destroys ACH in the synapse
             - increases ACH
3) Anticholinergics:
                - bind to a cholinergic receptor 
               - acts as a blocking drug; competitive antagonism 

- Receptors interacted with: 
- Action that occurs:]]> 2023-02-14 04:55:24 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2480931940 Parasympathetic Nervous System brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2484475844 - Specific Drug Examples: 

1) Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist:
       - acetylcholine
       - pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
       - bethanechol (Urelcholine®)

2) Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agents:
         - neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

3) Anticholinergics:
         - atropine
         - dicyclomine (Bentyl®)]]> 2023-02-16 04:35:50 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2484475844 1) Sympathetic Nervous System brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2484477087 - Specific Drug Examples:

1) Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists:
         - ephedrine
        - phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
2) Adrenergic Agonists:
         - epinephrine (Adrenaline®)
3) Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers:
         - prazosin (Minipressor®)
         - terazosin (Hytrin®)
         - doxazosin (Cardura®)
4) Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists:
          - dobutamine
5) Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists:
           - formoterol (Foradil®)
           - albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
           - terbutaline (Brethine®)
6) Beta Blockers -(Two Types):
             1) Nonselective:
                       - nadolol (Corgard®)
                       - propanolol (Inderal®)
                       - timolol (Blocadren®)
             2) Selective:
                       - atenolol (Tenormin®)
                       - metoprolol (Lopressor®)
        

]]> 2023-02-16 04:37:46 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2484477087 Sources: brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2486833471 1) Hitner, . Pharmacology: An Introduction with Additional Material. Available from: Yuzu Reader, (8th Edition). McGraw-Hill Learning Solutions, 2021. https://yuzu.vitalsource.com/reader/books/9781266131400/epubcfi/6/40[%3Bvnd.vst.idref%3Dchapter06]!/4/2/32/10/8/1:345[tio%2Cn.]

2) Tammie Peterson, TP. (2023, February 13). Unit 2 Autonomic Nervous System [Powerpoint slides]. Pharmacology, Austin Community College. https://app.vidgrid.com/view/PkCL3p3jcKzV/?sr=8k73XD]]> 2023-02-17 22:55:23 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2486833471 Parasympathetic Nervous System brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2486834768 2023-02-17 22:58:41 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2486834768 Sympathetic Nervous System brittanybailey21 https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2486835055 2023-02-17 22:59:21 UTC https://padlet.com/brittanybailey21/1do4quja7t0ksf3f/wish/2486835055