Sher Shah Suri Project by Oishi Basu Roy https://padlet.com/dipanwitadas0/1ctbrpksqwus4qpo Made by Gold House en-us 2022-11-11 10:30:14 UTC 2025-11-18 20:51:22 UTC hello@padlet.com dipanwitadas0 https://padlet.com/dipanwitadas0/1ctbrpksqwus4qpo/wish/2380021941 Sher Shah Suri  (1472, or 1486 – 22 May 1545), born Farīd Khān  was the founder of the Sur Empire,the second Afgan Empire,in India, with its capital in Sasaram in modern-day Bihar.
One of eight sons of Ḥasan Khan, a horse breeder, Farīd rebelled against his father and left home to enlist as a soldier in the service of Jamāl Khan, the governor of Jaunpur. He later worked for the Mughal king of Bihar, who rewarded him for bravery with the title of Shēr Khan and made him a commander in the Mughal army under Babur and then the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur's son Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, Sher Shah overran the state of Bengal and established the Suri dynasty. At the Battle of Chausa on June 26, 1539, he defeated the Mughal emperor Humāyūn and assumed the royal title of Farīd al-Dīn Shēr Shah. In May 1540 at Kannauj he again defeated Humāyūn; he had driven his foes from Bengal, Bihar, Hindustan, and the Punjab and also suppressed the Baluch chiefs on the northwestern frontier. Intent on expanding the sultanate of Delhi, he captured Gwalior and Malwa but was killed during the siege of Kalinjar.
 A brilliant strategist, Sher Shah proved himself as a gifted administrator as well as a capable general. His reorganization of the empire laid the foundations for the later Mughal emperors, notably Akbar, son of Humayun. 
During his five-year rule from 1540 to 1545, he set up a new economic and military administration, issued the first Rupiya from "Tanka" and organized the postal system of the Indian Subcontinent. Sher Shah was responsible for greatly rebuilding and modernizing the Grand Trunk Road, a major artery which runs all the way from modern day Bangladesh to Afghanistan. Caravanserais (inns) and mosques were built and trees were planted along the entire stretch on both sides of the road to provide shade to travelers. Wells were also dug, especially along the western section. Sher Shah built several monuments including Rohtas Fort (now a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Pakistan), many structures in the Rohtasgarh Fort in Bihar, the Sher Shah Suri Masjid in Patna, the Qila-i-Kuhna mosque inside the Purana Qila complex in Delhi, and the Sher Mandal, an octagonal building also inside the Purana Qila complex, which later served as the library of Humayun. He built a new city, Bhera, in present-day Pakistan in 1545, including within it a grand masjid named after him.                                      Trade and commerce:
Sher Shah Suri remodelled the coinage on lines which were destined to leave their mark on the currency even up to the present day. These coins bore the name of the town from where it was issued along with the dates mentioned on these coins. He introduced the rupayyia or the rupee coin in the place of tanka and jetal (Indian currency). Sher Shah also introduced a copper coin which Akbar retained in his monterey system as Dam; formally they called it paisa.

Sher Shah constructed 1700 Sarais (rest houses) along with roads at a distance of every four miles for the maintance of peace and for the rest of homeless travellers. In every sarai separate lodgings were provided for Muslims and Hindus. At the gate of every sarai big jars full of water were kept for distribution of water among Hindus as well as Muslims. Near every sarai Muslims were settled for the entertainment of Muslim travelers and Brahamins for Hindus. Their duty was to provide them with cold and hot water, bed, food and ripe grain for their horses. It was the rule that whosoever came to these sarais was supplied with provision according to the rank, grain and fodder for his cattle from the government store.


The network of roads constructed by him, including the grand trunk road (GT road) helped transportation of goods way more easier. 


Literature and architecture

The first phase of construction of tombs at Sasaram in the state of Bihar clearly reflects the ambition of Sher Shah Suri to form a monument grander than anything available in Delhi.
His master builder, Aliwal Khan, began with the construction of the tomb of Hasan Sur Khan, the father of Sher Shah Suri in the year 1525. 
Aliwal khan’s subsequent work, the tomb of Sher Shah Suri, is an amazing building, an architectural wonder, a huge and a noble composition set in a beautiful tank approached by a causeway.
Another influential and amazing  architecture was the Qila-i-Kuhna Masjid, the royal chapel of Sher Shah Suri, constructed at about 1542
Sher Shah Suri built a strong fortified complex at Rohtas, a strategic site in the north of what is now pakistan.Rohtas Fort, also called Qila Rohtas, is an exceptional example of early Muslim military architecture in Central and South Asia.                         Indian Architecture during the rule of Sher Shah Suri can be segregated into two distinct periods, with the first phase starting from the capital of Sher Shah Suri at Sasaram, in the Indian state of Bihar, between 1530 and 1540 and the second phase was between 1540 and 1545.

During the first phase which runs from 1530 to 1540, a group of tombs were constructed taking the Lodi style to its ultimate expression. During the second phase from 1540 to 1545, when Sher Shah Suri wrested control from Humayun, he patronized a list of architectural innovations which represent an important development in the gestation of the subsequent Mughal architecture.

The first phase of construction of tombs at Sasaramin the state of Bihar clearly reflects the ambition of Sher Shah Suri to form a monument grander than anything available in Delhi. In the process of inspiring his dreams, he procured the services of Aliwal Khan, a master builder who was trained in the Imperial tradition. This is a pretty conventional exercise in Lodi design, but his subsequent work, the tomb of Sher Shah Suri, is an amazing building, an architectural wonder, a huge and a noble composition set in a beautiful tank approached by a causeway. This remarkable monument, formed by the finest Chunar sandstone, had a significant impact on the architectural evolution of Indo-Islamic funerary architecture.

The second phase of development of Indian architecture occurred at Delhi from 1540 to 1545, where Sher Shah Sur erected the Purana Qila or Old Fort; a defensive citadel meant to provide the focus of his sixth city of Delhi, Shergarh. Presently, only two isolated gateways survive. Far more influential in the subsequent development of the architecture of Mughals was the Qila-i-Kuhna Masjid, the royal chapel of Sher Shah Suri, constructed at about 1542, which exemplifies graphically the skill, confidence and expertise of the craftsmen of Suri Dynasty. The mosque is a realistic and eloquent essay, a disciplined and balanced composition with confidently contoured four-centred arches set in definite rectangular frames, counterbalanced by delicate spearhead fringes and merlons and formulated by the horizontal line of the projecting chajja into a well-integrated whole. The interior is also evenly accomplished.

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