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1. Do these changes have any effects? Why?

   Illegal poaching harms wildlife, disrupts ecosystems, and fuels crime. It also causes economic losses and health risks.

2. Are these human activities related to endangered species? What's the connection, and how does it work?Human activities like poaching and habitat loss harm endangered species. These actions reduce their populations and survival rates.

Illegality may also occur during transport, such as illegal processing and export (through fraudulent declaration to customs); the avoidance of taxes and other charges, and fraudulent certification.^[1] These acts are often referred to as "wood laundering".^[2]

Illegal logging is driven by a number of economic forces, such as demand for raw materials, land grabbing and demand for pasture for cattle. Regulation and prevention can happen at both the supply side, with better enforcement of environmental protections, and at the demand side, such as an increasing regulation of trade as part of the international lumber industry.

2. As a student, I believe that we have the potential to change and to save the world for the better yet nobody tries to take the lead that's why we tend to contribute more in the destruction of mother earth when in fact we can make it a better place to live in. Illegal logging should be stopped because it's one of the factors that help destroy the world. It causes floods for the water's going to stay longer in land, it causes landslides and mudslides especially in forests and steep mountains because there are no more trees that are going to hold the land, and it causes climate change because of carbon dioxide and here enters the concept of carbon dioxide-oxygen in plants. Let everyone be aware how bad illegal logging is and let's lend a hand together and have unity to change and beautify the world.

3. Illegal logging negatively impacts the economic and ecological systems of optimal forest management. According to the text of the 1998 G-8 meeting held in Birmingham on forest management, “illegal logging robs national and sub-national governments, forest owners and local communities of significant revenues and benefits, damages forest ecosystems, distorts timber markets and forest resource assessments and acts as a disincentive to sustainable forest management. International trade in illegally harvested timber including transfer pricing, under invoicing and other illegal practices, exacerbates the problem of illegal logging.” The magnitude of illegal logging is significant. Research indicates that in the recent past over 70 per cent of timber processed in Indonesia came from illegal sources.

   Illegal logging is not as prevalent as it was during the 1980s and 90s although it still occurs. Illegal logging generally focuses on high-value species and results in a selective clearing of certain species. These are often large, long lived, seed producing trees. As a result of this selective illegal logging certain endemic species are depleted from forests. This is now the case in most of Kalimantan’s remaining forests. This loss of certain structural, habitat, and seed source elements leave forests less stable and productive. Although these species may not be fruit or food producing sources for orangutans they are important as nest trees and provide linkages within the upper canopy where orangutans move.

   Other results of illegal logging involve the intrusion into the forest caused by loggers. Often canals and trails are cut to allow foot and boat access deep into the forest. Canals result in lowered water levels and increased human access into forests increase incidents of illegal hunting and other destruction of habitat.

The review test is approaching, so now is the time to prepare. In this review test, you will have an oral presentation where you will express your opinions on environmental changes caused by humans. Here are the questions that will be asked during the oral test:

1. The definition about that.

2. What is your opinion about the environmental changes caused by humans? Especially these cases?

3. Do those changes have any effects? Why?

4. Are these human activities related to endangered species? What is the connection and how does it work?

   
   

Students will randomly choose one of the following topics to discuss:

• Illegal poaching

• Illegal logging

• Illegal fishing

• Deforestation

• Illegal large-scale mining

• Extensive fishing

Feel free to explore the discussions in the paddlet for your studying! If you’d like, you're welcome to add your thoughts and share any additional resources you find helpful. Just remember to be respectful while using the paddlet. Wishing you all the best as you prepare for the review test.

You've got this! Good luck!

On the flip side, there's a lot of innovation happening in response to these issues—renewable energy technologies, sustainable agriculture practices, and efforts to conserve biodiversity are making a positive difference. The growing global awareness about the environment is helping to drive policy changes, as well as individual and corporate responsibility toward sustainability.

The global supply chain is complex and weakly regulated and illegal fish can penetrate the supply chains quite easily. Once intermingled, illegal products are very difficult to detect. And, the US is a huge, lucrative market which is often the destination for illegal fish.

Given its generally concealed nature, it is difficult to quantify, but the current estimates suggest the global losses of illegal fishing cost up to $36.4 billion each year.

Why: Increased greenhouse gas emissions from activities like burning fossil fuels trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, causing global temperatures to rise. This disruption of weather patterns can damage infrastructure, displace people, and strain resources like water and food.

2. Loss of Biodiversity

Effect: Deforestation, pollution, and climate change lead to habitat loss, endangering species and causing a decrease in biodiversity. This can disrupt ecosystems, affecting everything from pollination to food chains.

Why: Many species are highly specialized and adapted to specific environmental conditions. When these conditions change rapidly—whether due to habitat loss, changing temperatures, or pollution—many species cannot adapt quickly enough to survive. This can lead to extinction and a breakdown of the services ecosystems provide, such as clean water or air.

3. Rising Sea Levels

Effect: Melting ice caps and glaciers, combined with the thermal expansion of seawater, are causing sea levels to rise, threatening coastal cities, communities, and infrastructure.

Why: The increase in global temperatures causes polar ice to melt and water to expand, both of which contribute to rising sea levels. Low-lying areas like islands or coastal cities are at risk of being submerged, displacing millions of people.

4. Impacts on Agriculture and Food Security

Effect: Changing rainfall patterns, longer droughts, and extreme weather events affect crop yields, making food production less predictable and sometimes decreasing food availability.

Why: Many agricultural systems depend on stable weather patterns. When temperatures rise or rainfall becomes erratic, crops can fail, leading to food shortages and increased prices. This can create a ripple effect, causing social and economic instability, especially in regions already vulnerable to poverty.

Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land. Throughout history and into modern times, forests have been razed to make space for agriculture and animal grazing, and to obtain wood for fuel, manufacturing, and construction. Deforestation has greatly altered landscapes around the world.

2.What is deforestation and its effects on?

The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change, desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and a host of problems for Indigenous people. Deforestation occurs for a number of reasons.

3.What are the effects of the deforestation?

The main effect of deforestation on animals and plants is the loss of their habitat. Many factors related to cutting down trees contribute to driving species to extinction. Through land erosion, the soil is depleted of its nutrients, a huge source of nourishment for animals and plants.

Water Pollution : Because of the mining, some toxic chemicals polluted the some source of water there that they use to drink.

Habitat Lost : Large-scale mining used BIG area of land. So some species lost their home.

Less Food Source : Because of the big area of land some land for food sources was destroyed too so some species do not have foods to eat.

How it works:

• Habitat destruction:

  When large areas of forest are logged illegally, the entire ecosystem is disrupted, destroying the trees, plants, and other features that endangered species rely on for survival, like food sources, shelter, and breeding grounds. 

• Fragmentation:

  Even if only parts of a forest are logged, the remaining areas can become fragmented, isolating populations of endangered species and making it harder for them to move around and access necessary resources. 

• Increased human-wildlife conflict:

  Logging operations often open up new areas to human activity, bringing people closer to wildlife and increasing the risk of conflicts, which can further endanger species. 

Examples:

• Rainforests:

  Many endangered species like tigers, orangutans, and certain bird species live in rainforests, which are heavily impacted by illegal logging.

• Elephant corridors:

  Elephants often rely on specific routes through forests to access water and food, and illegal logging can disrupt these corridors, putting elephants at risk. 

Key points to remember:

• Direct impact: Illegal logging directly destroys the habitats of endangered species. 

• Biodiversity loss: The loss of diverse ecosystems due to illegal logging can lead to the decline of many species, not just endangered ones. 

• Conservation efforts: Combating illegal logging is crucial for protecting endangered species and preserving biodiversity

Charles Robert Beaty was born on August 13, 1956, in the city of Tyler, Texas. Learning about hunting for the first time around the age of twelve, Charlie became fascinated with the idea of killing big whitetail deer. As an adult, his fascination turned into an obsession.

Next is an Oregon hunter, David Maxfield Jr., shot a bull elk in August of 2016. Like a lot of hunters, Maxfield was quick to share the photo of his kill to an Oregon hunting page.

Don't kill them...

We are all friends, never kill each other...

Please...

1. Javan Rhinos.

2. Amur Leopard.

3. Sunda Island Tiger.

4. Mountain Gorillas.

5. Tapanuli Orangutan.

6. Yangtze Finless Porpoise.

7. Black Rhinos.

8. African Forest Elephant.

Facts about Poaching:

1. Many countries believe that the rhino horn is an important ingredient for many medicines. This is false. Rhino horn has the same medicinal effect as chewing on your fingernails aka none.

2. At the beginning of the 20th century there were a few million African elephants and approximately 100,000 Asian elephants. Today elephants are now considered endangered, there are about 450,000-700,000 African elephants and 35,000-40,000 Asian elephants.

3. Tigers are primarily killed to supply underground black markets with its organs, pelts, and bones. These items are highly regarded in eastern medicine (although these treatments have been disproved and have no real medical value).

4. A 2010 United Nations report suggests that gorillas could disappear from large parts of the Congo Basin by the mid-2020s.

5. In Asia, tiger parts (other than the bone) are used in mythological medicine. This includes: the eyes, hair, internal organs, even tiger penis – which is used in a soup as an aphrodisiac.

Numbers of some endangered animals that are left in this world:

-The exact Javan rhino population is unknown, but estimates from 2021 indicate that there are about 76 remaining individuals in the wild.

-How many lions are left in the wild? Only an estimated 24,000 wild lions remain.

-Current estimates suggest around 4,500 tigers remain in the wild.

-There are less than 800 Tapanuli Orangutan remaining in the wild, this species is considered one of the world's most endangered primates and one of the most endangered great apes.

That's some facts i could tell you about Illegal Poaching.

Remember, never kill animals!

You've got this! Good luck!