https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz en-us 2020-04-25 21:08:03 UTC 2020-04-27 23:31:54 UTC hello@padlet.com 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/530437515 Founding of the United Nations, October 24, 1945: Representatives of over 50 countries had met after the end of World War II. They had met in order to maintain international peace and had desired to develop good relations around the world. It's main goal was to maintain the world's peace and relations. ]]> 2020-04-25 21:09:29 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/530437515 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/530538259 Yalta Conference, February 1945: The main Allied leaders had met in Yalta in order to discuss what would happen after the war. There were also discussions on the formation of the United Nations in the conference. Stalin had agreed to help the U.S. in the war in the Pacific after Germany's surrender if the Soviet Union were allowed to regain lost territory and Mongolia was recognized as independent. It was also agreed that Germany would be split into four zones, and the Soviets promised that territories in Eastern Europe would hold free and fair elections. ]]> 2020-04-26 00:27:16 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/530538259 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/530540852 Berlin Blockade, 1948-1948: The blockade was an attempt by the Soviets to try and stop Western interference in West Berlin. The introduction of the new currency in West Berlin had been regarded as a violation of agreements by the Soviets, and the Soviet forces had begun a blockade of all communications from Berlin to the West, and on June 24, the Soviets declared that the Allies were no longer allowed to interfere with West Berlin . On May 12, 1949, the blockade ended. ]]> 2020-04-26 00:34:33 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/530540852 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/530542798 End of the Korean War, July 27, 1953. An armistice was agreed upon by the US, People's Republic of China, North Korea, and South Korea. It was decided that all prisoners of war were allowed to choose to return home or stay. A border was also formed where the stalemate was, and it was declared as a demilitarized zone. South Korea was also able to gain a little bit of additional territory. Millions of people had died in the war. ]]> 2020-04-26 00:39:38 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/530542798 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/531653270 Comecon, 1949: It was an organization established in order to try and help the economies in Eastern Europe. It was created as a response to the organization created in western Europe. It had faced difficulty due to the different price systems used by the countries who were a part of it. It was able to organize a railroad and electric-power grid for eastern Europe. In 1991, Comecon was renamed to the Organization for International Economic Cooperation, where all nations in were allowed to seek their own trade outlets. ]]> 2020-04-26 18:45:19 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/531653270 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/531677349 Space Race, 1955-1975: The launching of Sputnik I, the first satellite, had created a sense of fear among the public in the United States due to beliefs that the Soviet Union surpassed the US in terms of technology. In response, the US had established NASA in 1958 in order to research space. A race begun to send a man into space in which the Soviets had been able to do so first. Due to the Soviet Union's success in the space race, the Apollo program was created in order to send a man to the moon. ]]> 2020-04-26 19:01:39 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/531677349 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/531685572 Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962: It was a standoff between the US and the Soviet Union due to the presence of nuclear missiles in Cuba. John F. Kennedy announced his decision to show that the United States were ready to use military force in order to stop the nuclear threat. A naval blockade was formed in order to prevent the Soviets from sending supplies to Cuba. Nikita Khrushchev, a Soviet leader, had agreed to remove the missiles if the U.S. would agree to not invade Cuba and remove their missiles from Turkey. The year after the crisis had resulted in the Soviet Union and the United States signing treaties over nuclear weapons. ]]> 2020-04-26 19:07:24 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/531685572 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/531763867 Bay of Pigs Invasion, 1961: It was an attempt to remove Fidel Castro from power that had failed. The CIA had attempted to land an invasion of Cuba which did not work due to the invaders being outnumbered by Fidel Castro's troops. An attempt to strike Cuban airfields had also failed, ships got sank due to coral reefs, and paratroopers had landed in wrong locations. ]]> 2020-04-26 19:59:17 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/531763867 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/531817548 Nuclear bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, August 1945: The world's first usage of the nuclear bomb was over Hiroshima where 90% of the city would be decimated. A second bombing would follow with one dropping on Nagasaki. The usage of the nuclear weapons would lead to Japan's surrender in the Second World War. The bomb dropped on Hiroshima was known as "Little Boy" and the one on Nagasaki was known as "Fat Man." ]]> 2020-04-26 20:34:46 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/531817548 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/531842129 Invasion of Afghanistan, 1979: On December 24, Soviet forces invaded Afghanistan and a new head of government (Babrak Karmal) was installed. Mujahidin had resisted due to beliefs that Christian and atheist Soviets were defiling Islam. They had declared a holy war, and gained support of the Islamic people. In 1987, the U.S. had introduced anti-aircraft missiles. Mikhail Gorbachev had decided to withdraw Soviet troops, and the invasion ended in 1989. ]]> 2020-04-26 20:53:05 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/531842129 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534174917 Berlin Airlift, 1948-1949: The Berlin Airlift was the American response to the Soviet Union's blockade of Berlin. Harry Truman had ordered for a massive airlift of essential supplies to be sent into West Berlin through airlifts. The planes during the airlift, would take off from bases in England and western Germany, and would land in West Berlin with supplies for the citizens of the city. This would go on for about a year, and it was very successful because it had helped West Berlin a lot during the blockade. More than one million tons of supplies were sent into West Berlin through the airlift. ]]> 2020-04-27 17:08:51 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534174917 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534211118 Truman Doctrine, 1947: The Truman Doctrine was the U.S. assistance for Greece and Turkey in order to stop the spread of communism after Britain could no longer protect them. The belief in America was that both Greece and Turkey were countries who were threatened by communism. In March of 1947, President Harry Truman would make a case in Congress that the U.S. had to help Turkey and Greece in order to not let communism take over the countries. Congress would then approve of the request to provide four hundred million dollars in assistance of the two nations with the main goal being to contain the spread of communism. The Truman Doctrine had declared that the United States would do whatever it takes in order to contain the spread of communism. ]]> 2020-04-27 17:21:39 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534211118 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534250105 Building of the Berlin Wall 1961: After the end of the Berlin Blockade in 1949, from 1949 to 1961, 2.5 million Germans from the East had fled to West Germany. In an attempt to stop the East Germans from moving to the West, soldiers from East Germany had set 30 miles of barbed wire as a barrier between the East and the West. East Berlin citizens could no longer go to West Berlin. On August 15, an actual wall was built in order to prevent East Germans from escaping. The wall was seen as a symbol of communist oppression and the "iron curtain" was physically made.  ]]> 2020-04-27 17:36:00 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534250105 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534584746 Mao Zedong announces the People's Republic of China, 1949: Mao Zedong had named himself as the head of state and announces the People's Republic of China. The announcement was the end of the battle between communist forces and nationalist forces in China. China's turn into communism had resulted in public backlash in America. The U.S. had refused to recognize the People's Republic of China, and the U.S. had refused to give it a spot in the United Nations. ]]> 2020-04-27 19:50:52 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534584746 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534660278 Suez Crisis, 1956: It was a crisis that had occurred after the president of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser, had decided to nationalize the Suez Canal. Israel, France, and Britain had sent troops to regain control of the Suez Canal area. The Soviets had exploited Arab nationalism through supplying weapons and assistance with the construction of the Aswan Dam. Nikita Khrushchev, leader of the Soviet Union at the time, had warned of a rain of nuclear weapons on Western Europe if the French, British, and Israeli did not withdraw their forces from the area. The crisis was also the first usage of the United Nations peacekeeping force. The British and French withdrew in December, but the Israeli took until 1957 to withdraw. ]]> 2020-04-27 20:28:47 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534660278 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534678448 Vietnam War, 1955-1975: The Vietnam War was a civil war between the communist forces of North Vietnam, and the capitalist forces of South Vietnam. Over 3 million were killed during the war. The North would be able to take over all of Vietnam in 1975, turning it into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The U.S. had at first helped the south because of its policies against the Soviet Union and communists. Under the domino theory, President Kennedy went with the belief that if one country fell to communism then the rest would follow, and had increased the amount of U.S. aid. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution had given President Lyndon B. Johnson war-making powers, and the U.S. would be able to conduct bombing raids. Bombings in Laos were done in order to halt the Ho Chi Minh trail into Vietnam, and as a result, Laos became the most heavily bombed country. Johnson would then issue a decision to join the war, and in the later years of the war, many American citizens would create anti-war protests. During Nixon's term, he had began to conduct a program called Vietnamization where withdrawal of U.S. troops began, but bombardments increased. The anti-war movement among American citizens had increased, and the public backlash grew. The U.S. and the North Vietnamese would reach a peace agreement in 1973, but the war continued until the communists were able to take over and capture Saigon in 1975. The war had led to public distrust in its government in America along with many veterans suffering physically and mentally. ]]> 2020-04-27 20:37:31 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534678448 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534712519 Eisenhower's Domino Theory, 1954: The Domino Theory was coined by President Eisenhower meaning that if French Indochina were to fall to the communists, then the rest of Southeast Asia would also become communist as well. The speech by Eisenhower was done in 1954 stating that if French Indochina fell, then the rest of Southeast Asia and even Japan would collapse into communism. The domino theory stated by Eisenhower would be the foundation for why the U.S. got involved in Vietnam. Furthermore, President John F. Kennedy and President Lyndon B. Johnson would use the domino theory as a reason as to why the U.S. needed to provide more assistance for South Vietnam. It also was a reason that led to the U.S. joining the Vietnam War. ]]> 2020-04-27 20:56:39 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534712519 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534724046 Warsaw Pact, 1955: The Soviet Union had created a treaty that was basically a mutual defense organization that gave the Soviets power over the military of all members of the treaty. It had consisted of the Soviet Union, Poland, Romania, Albania, East Germany, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia. The Warsaw Pact would exist until 1991. It was signed in Warsaw, Poland, hence its name. The treaty would mean that any country within the treaty would have to help any other country in the treaty if it was threatened by an outside country. ]]> 2020-04-27 21:03:32 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534724046 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534734627 Khmer Rouge-Killing Fields of Cambodia, 1975-1979: The Khmer Rouge was a regime in Cambodia that had been under the command of Pol Pot. Pol Pot had desired to create a master race, and his plans to do so had led to the deaths of over 2 million people. The time period in which the people were killed became known as the Cambodian Genocide. In 1975, the Cambodian civil war had ended with the Khmer Rouge taking over Phnom Penh, but instead of Pricne Norodom getting the power, their leader Pol Pot had become the leader. The Khmer Rouge would then remake Cambodia into their image, turning it into a communist regime focused on agriculture. The horrific conditions during the Cambodian Genocide had led to many farm workers dying from disease, starvation, or overworking. Many more had been executed during the regime's rule as well. The Khmer Rouge's regime would end in 1979 when Vietnamese forces were able to invade and remove them from power. ]]> 2020-04-27 21:10:10 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534734627 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534775991 Glasnost and Perestroika, 1980s: Glasnost was the name of the social and political reforms for the Soviet Union. The goal of the reforms was to give more rights and freedoms to the people of the Soviet Union. It allowed for freedom of expression and less censoring of the press. It had encouraged more social and political freedoms to the people. Perestroika was the reconstruction of the economic and political system of the Soviet Union. Elections made to reflect democracies in the west were made, and the citizens were allowed to have a small voice. It had attempted to create a relatively free market and had tried to reflect capitalism. Both of these reforms did not work as well as had hoped, and both led to strikes and protests. The Soviet Union's eventual fall would be partly due to this. ]]> 2020-04-27 21:37:35 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534775991 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534790881 START/Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, 1980s-2000s: The START was a negotiation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The goal of this was to try and reduce the amount of nuclear weapons that both had, and to reduce the capacity of ability to use the weapons. President Ronald Reagan had desired to have reductions of the weapons rather than limitations on the weapons. An agreement was made in 1991, where President George H.W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev agreed to reduce the amount of armed nuclear weapons they had. ]]> 2020-04-27 21:48:46 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534790881 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534814465 Korean War, 1950-1953: The war began when North Korean forces had invaded and passed through the 38th parallel. It was believed to be a war against communism, and the U.S. had gotten involved in the war. Over 5 million people had died during the war, and there was not much success for both sides. The two sides had reached a stalemate at the 38th parallel, and the U.S. would try and form an armistice with the North Koreans. The war was between the communist North and the anti-communist South. The ceasefire that occurred had kept the 38th parallel as their boundary, and the armistice agreed that prisoners of war got to choose whether or not they wanted to return to their country. ]]> 2020-04-27 22:06:32 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534814465 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534839365 Fall of the Berlin Wall, 1989: During this time, the Cold War's ending had begun, and East Germany had allowed for an easing of travel restrictions westward. It had represented the falling of the "iron curtain" across Europe. This would then lead to the reunification of Germany in 1990 where East and West Germany was reunified. ]]> 2020-04-27 22:25:32 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534839365 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534848656 Marshall Plan, 1948: The plan was a program that had tried to aid Western Europe following World War II. It had provided economic support along with the reconstruction of Europe. Another goal of the Marshall Plan was to try and stop communism from spreading. It is believed to be one of the causes of the Cold War. The Marshall Plan had aided 16 European countries. The Soviet Union and its allies would reject the offer, further signifying the split of Europe. ]]> 2020-04-27 22:33:17 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534848656 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534857065 Hungarian Revolution, 1956: Thousands of protesters had demanded a democracy in Hungary along with more freedom from oppression. The result of this was Imre Nagy being appointed as the new premier. Nagy would then try and abolish the one-party rule, and withdrew Hungary from the Warsaw Pact. He then asked the United Nations for help, but the West did not want to due to fear of a global conflict. The Soviet Union would then invade Hungary, putting an end to the revolution, and executed Nagy. ]]> 2020-04-27 22:40:52 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534857065 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534863790 Creation of NATO, 1949: It was created in order to counter the Soviet forces in central and eastern Europe after the Second World War. This would break the U.S.'s belief in isolationism. It had begun with 12 members, and it was agreed upon that any threat to one member would result in all members responding. In the 1900s, it was used as a way to oppose communism in Europe. Its main purpose was to defend all members from Soviet control or communist control. It is also known as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. ]]> 2020-04-27 22:46:43 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534863790 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534870575 Six Day War, 1967: It was a conflict between Israel, Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. The war was caused by political and military tensions and conflicts between Israel and Egypt, Syria, and Jordan. Disagreements about the borders of countries had led to guerillas backed by Syria to attack Israel's border leading to raids by Israel in response. Egypt would then move its troops in order to support its ally in Syria. Israel forces would then launch an attack eliminating 90% of the Egyptian air force and crippling the air forces of Jordan, Syria, and Iraq as well. The United Nations would then force a ceasefire, and the war ended. ]]> 2020-04-27 22:53:04 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534870575 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534887866 Prague Spring, 1968: After Alexander Dubcek was able to succeed as leader of Czechoslovakia, he had decided to create a series of reforms for Czechoslovakia. There was an increase in freedom of speech and political dissidents were rehabilitated. This period was known as the Prague Spring. However, the Soviet Union would then invade Czechoslovakia with 600,000 troops through the Warsaw Pact, and the reforms would then be repealed. The next leader, Gustav Husak, would then re-establish a Communist regime in Czechoslovakia. In 1989, the regime established by Husak would then give in to a multiparty Parliament. Dubcek would then become the chairman of the new Parliament. ]]> 2020-04-27 23:08:03 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534887866 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534894414 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty(SALT), 1972-1979: They were negotiations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in order to restrain the arms race. The treaties were signed by President Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev of the Soviet Union in Moscow. The treaty would limit the amount of anti-ballistic missile sites and stop stop manufacturing of ballistic missiles. The agreement would be approved by the Senate in 1972. This was seen as a success for both sides, and it became a foundation for the negotiations of future arms limitations. ]]> 2020-04-27 23:13:54 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534894414 146004916 https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534904664 Arab-Israeli War, 1948: After the declaration that Israel would become independent, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon would invade the Israeli region. This led to ceasefires being made by the United Nations which would eventually end the war in 1949. There was eventually an armistice reached by the states involved Israel was able to gain some territory. The armistice would not end conflicts in this region, and many more wars and conflicts would occur in this region after the war. ]]> 2020-04-27 23:23:19 UTC https://padlet.com/146004916/1bkt6pllweify5dz/wish/534904664