By 1930, Martin was residing in the Jewish retirement home Meyers Minde, located behind the synagogue in Krystalgade, Copenhagen. He remained unmarried, as recorded in the 1930 and 1940 censuses. In 1943, Martin was deported to Theresienstadt, where he died shortly after his arrival on 14 October 1943 at the age of 78.

After the war, Julius worked as a journalist for the Berliner Tageblatt and later ran his own correspondence and advisory bureau. In 1924, he was involved in a high-profile court case for reviewing an antisemitic book, accusing the author of falsifying Jewish quotes. By 1933, he fled Nazi Germany with his wife to France and later to Denmark, where they lived in refugee housing.

In Denmark, Julius wrote articles critical of Nazi economic policies and organised an exhibition on the Spanish Civil War, leading to increased scrutiny from authorities. On 29 August 1942, Julius and Irma were arrested and deported to Germany. Irma was sent to Auschwitz and killed in 1943. Julius was also deported to Auschwitz and murdered on 23 October 1943.

During World War II, Hans Erik served as a reserve police officer and was arrested by the Germans in 1944. He was deported to Neuengamme and later Buchenwald, where he contracted pneumonia. Rescued by De hvide Busser, he was sent to Frøslev camp and released in April 1945.

After the war, Hans Erik and Agnete separated. He worked as a controller at Herlev station, married Alice in 1949, and had two daughters. Struggles with alcohol marked his later life, and he died of cirrhosis in 1975.

Her story is worth remembering not only as part of the broader tragedy of the Holocaust, but also because it captures the humanity of an ordinary woman who led a silent and independent life, determined to give her daughters opportunities she never had.

On October 1, 1943, the night before the couple planned to flee to Sweden, the Beckers were captured by the Germans. They were reported by a Danish collaborator at a hotel in Nørreport.

Salomon and Blume were taken to Theresienstadt. Blume was rescued by the White Buses and stayed the rest of the war in Sweden. Salomon died on February 21, 1944, and Blume did not get word of his death for 9 months.

Blume returned to Copenhagen and lived in a small apartment in Frederiksberg, a different neighborhood than she had lived in before the war.

These stories are significant to the remembrance of the war because it represent the chaos and uncertainty that families experienced. Many Jewish families were separated during the war and were left with the uncertainty of the fate of their relatives. It also shows the significance of Danish collaboration, as a Danish collaborator was the reason why the Beckers were captured. They were about to leave for Sweden when they were taken and their lives were changed forever. This story also highlights how outcomes vary from person to person, even within families. The White Bus mission was a rescue mission that only saved Scandinavians from the concentration camp. This mission was controversial, as many more people needed rescuing. It poses the question, why was Blume saved and Salomon left? Was their Lithuanian heritage considered? It is important to honor Blume's story to remember Scandinavian rescue efforts and consider how frightening and uncertain life was for all Jews in Denmark. Not only was Blume captured by the Nazis, but she had to leave home for Sweden to be safe for the remainder of the war. The other, more sinister outcome of this story is Salomon's death in the camps. While most Danish Jews were saved due to the White Buses and the proximity to Sweden, Salomon was killed by the Nazis. It is important to honor his story with the stone to remember that while most Danes were saved, many were still victims and killed in concentration camps.

In July 1944, she was arrested by the Gestapo and endured months of harsh imprisonment and brutal interrogation. She was eventually deported to the Frøslev prison camp, then to Ravensbrück concentration camp, and later to Jugendlager Uckermark, where she witnessed horrific atrocities. Twice selected for the gas chamber, she was miraculously spared on Easter Sunday 1945 by a guard who had fond memories of Denmark. Just days later, she was rescued by the White Buses and taken to Sweden.

Ellen’s story highlights the bravery of ordinary individuals who risked everything to resist oppression and protect Denmark’s Jewish population. Unlike many commemorated by stumbling stones, she was not Jewish and was not deported in 1943. While this project honors Ellen’s story, it also expands the focus beyond Danish Jews to include others affected by the Holocaust, shedding light on the often-overlooked acts of defiance and humanity. Her story broadens the scope of remembrance, illuminating the many forms of courage and resistance shown by everyday Danes during the Holocaust.

When he realized part of his family had been captured and sent to Theresienstadt, he went to Gestapo headquarters dressed as a Nazi and asked for them to be sent back to Denmark- unfortunately he was recognized and sent to Sachsenhausen after fulfilling several prison sentences in Denmark. He was transferred to Auschwitz in 1944 and died in the death march to Mauthausen in 1945.

At the end of September 1943, when Jews were warned about upcoming raids, Gabrielle’s family decided that she would not escape with the rest of the family as they believed that the escape would kill her, and that the Germans would not want to harm a woman of her age, so she was moved to Pensionat Fønss in Taarbæk. Here she was arrested on October 2, 1943, and deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp. Only four months had passed when Gabrielle succumbed to the inhumane conditions at the concentration camp, and she died on February 10, 1944, in Theresienstadt.

Gabrielle Salmonsen's life and death add much complexity to the occupation of Denmark during WWII, as it exemplifies the brutal nature of the German forces, not only to healthy Jewish populations, but to elderly individuals at the time. This just reinforces that the Nazi’s were not just incarcerating and killing what they considered threats, but anyone who was against the regime, or what they dubbed as non-pure regardless of their age or capability

was born on August 23, 1945, to a Christian father and a Jewish mother. He was raised as a member of the Danish Church and was baptized in 1940-41. In 1943, it became clear that Claus' mother, his siblings, and Claus himself would be in danger if they stayed in Denmark due to their Jewish heritage. Earlier in the year, Claus had started studying to be a civil engineer at the Polytechnic Institute. The account follows that during the family's escape attempt at Taarbæk Harbor, Claus was acting as a (resistance?) group leader and had identified himself to the group with his student cap (which was a distinctive light-color). When the attempt was discovered by the Nazis, they began shooting at the escaping Jews in the harbor, hitting Claus as he stood up to cover another escapee. The website notes that Claus is mentioned in the Fallen of the Occupation, and his grave site at Vestre Cemetery is protected and maintained by the state.

Claus’ story- and his death- is interesting and should be part of the remembrance of the victims because it places him at a pivotal point in the escape of the Danish jews in October 1943. There is an interesting intersection between Claus, his background, and some suggested involvement with Danish resistance activities. Because of his mixed heritage and his largely non-religious upbringing, Claus also provides a thought provoking example of how the Nazi racial laws were applied and enforced. 

Elizabeth Bomhoff's story adds a layer of complexity to Copenhagen's WWII experience because it represents the story of female resistance fighters who were victims of the German occupation over resistance work that they did behind the scenes. This is a story of someone who was punished for their quiet heroism, but also a story that continues on after the war and who proceeds to live a long life for more than 60 years after returning from the Frøslev internment camp.

Katie Thorson

I chose to write about this case because it involves nuance surrounding the disease. Ferslev did not even make it to the camp because of the inhumane conditions he was in. A lack of access to medicine resulted in his death, rather than the more typical reasons that one might assume for the rest of the stumbling stone population.