I missed your classes this week, because I have two mid-term test  this week. Especially, the music mid-term is very hard and I should do too much work. Because of this, I have no time to take the ESL classes before today.

 

I have talked to Darren yet. I am very sorry for this, but I will do more job for ESL during the reading week.

 

Thank you for understanding me.

 

Your sincerely

 

Yifan He

First of all, the maize farmers could consider the condition of transferability. The transferability refers to the costs of moving maize, measured in real money and time or ability of the item to bear these costs. When the maize famers in the Sault Ste. Marie find that the higher cost of transferring corn to other places lead to achieve the lower profits, or the time of transferring corn to other places would make the quality of corn become worse, they could give up selling their most of maize to other places.

Secondly, the reason of this case is that the quantity demanded of Sault Ste. Marie is higher than other places. This condition may be caused by the worse traffic capacity in Sault Ste. Marie or the places which near Sault Ste. Marie all plant maize. If the traffic of Sault Ste. Marie do not have the ability to transfer the maize to other places or from others to here, it means that this city can not built the spatial interaction with other cities about maize. In another hand, if the places which near this city all plant the maize, which means that Sault Ste. Marie do not have a precondition for interdependence between places or complementarity. These maize famers can not find the relationship of the supply and demand with other cities through the corn. Therefore, they just can sell the most of their maize to local people.

In summary, the reasons of maize famers in the Sault Ste. Marie sell most of their corn in this area itself are that they can not get the decent transferability or find the complementarity with other cities.

I think there are three conditions are likely to make it possible for corn from the Sault Ste. Marie region to be sold routinely in the larger Southern Ontario market where price for maize(corn) tends to be relatively higher.

The three conditions are: Transportation Cost; Labour Cost; Supply falls short of demand.

First, if farmers want to sell their maize to other places, they need to transport the maize. They should list some truck or put them into train. Because of this, if they want to earn these cost back, they should make the price higher including their transportation cost.

Second, if farmers want to sell in larger market, they need to employ more people to do more work. For example, they should have a dead lift. Also, if they want to know about a new market, they should to employ some local people. Finally, when they know about the new market and move their maize to the new place, they should employ some people to be commissioned to sell them. In summary, all of these labour should cost money and be included in the price.

The last one is “Supply falls short of demand.” This means the other market will need more maize because they don’t have maize in their local place. Maize in this market is very rare, so the price should be higher.

In the conclusion, to sell in the other market need more cost by transportation, labour and demand, so the price should cover the cost. 

Henry Burr: Among Columbia's biggest recording artists was New Brunswick native.

May Irwin was a preeminent vaudeville star from Ontario who recorded "The Bully" for Victor in 1907 and shocked audiences for her role in Edison’s "The Kiss" filmed on kinetoscope.

KDKA was the first radio station

ASCAP was formed by Tin Pan Alley to regulate the performance and royalty collection of music.

The first Canadian group to record was the Belleville Kites Band, which inspired Columbia to set up a branch in Montreal(X Toronto) under the moniker Canadian Phonograph.

Which of the following is not a Canadian Tin Pan Alley song? Alexander's Ragtime Band

The “St. Louis Blues” was written by: W.C. Handy

African American ragtime composer Scott Joplin was well versed in the European piano classics. True

The society SOCAN's original 1925 inception was called CPRS

Emile Berliner developed the flat recording disc and the idea of paying royalties to artists.

Canadian Reginald Fessenden formed the Wireless Telegraph Company of Canada and made a "continuous-wave" transmission from Boston to Scotland.

The leading producer of quality entertainment cylinders was Columbia Phonograph

The Montreal radio station launched in 1920 was called XWA.

Rock ’n’ roll owed its popularity to the existence of: Records

Alexander Bell invented not the telephone but the graphophone. False

White popular music skimmed off superficial stylistic elements of a type of music originating among black musicians. True

Robert Johnson was an early performer of the blues

Advertisers eventually won the war over radio programming that best served the notion of entertainment for the masses, not culture of the masses.  True.

In the 1930s were the future and logical entertainment outlets (venues) for Tin Pan Alley songs. H & B

With the invention of recording, it was no longer necessary to have any musical ability to re-create the sound of music.

Blackface was placed as a central narrative strategy in this 1926 Hollywood hit The Jazz Singer.

Recording companies, not Tin Pan Alley, brought Blues and country music to the public.

The term blues dates back to the U.S. civil war.  False

A work crew foreman uttering a musical phrase that was answered in rhythm by the labourers in the field probably created the call and response style of African American music.

The guitar was a staple instrument of both blues and country music

Yodelling was Italian in origin. False

The two basic types of blues are city and country.

Boogie woogie was a city blues piano style that eventually influenced early rockers such as Jerry Lee Lewis.

Bessie Smith was known as the “Empress of the Blues.”

Field recordings of the 1920s and 30s brought to the public unknown city blues musicians. False

By the end of the Depression, the Big Three in the recording industry were RCA Victor, Columbia, and Decca.

Jukeboxes in bars were one of the major sources of entertainment in the 1930s.

Electrical recording in the mid-1920s improved the sound quality of records and ushered in a new era of recording technology.

One of the key players in the record industry who found more successful talent and promoted the elimination of racial barriers in music was John Hammond.

Blues music was easily accepted on radio and film, in contrast to country. False

Vernon Dalhart recorded “The Wreck of the Old 97” for Victor, which became the first country music recording to sell in the millions.

Early country recordings consisted of traditional anonymous folk tunes, many of which were of British origin. False

Western swing a pseudo-country music style, became one of the formative influences on early rock 'n' roll.

Cowboys contributed nothing to American music; they were merely a cultural attachment to country music to make it visually appealing to Hollywood. False

Jimmie Rodgers was the first real star of country music.

Wilf Carter recorded Canada's first hit country record.

Wilf Carter was known in the United States as Montana slim.

Hank snow was the biggest Canadian country singer prior to Shania Twain.

Canadian country singers have continued to rely more on ballad and story songs than cheating and barroom songs preferred in the U.S.

The radio was very important for country music in Canada.

The most popular radio show in the Maritimes in the 1940s was Don Messer and His Islander.

The Canadian country artist best know for his radio work was Don Messer.

The Don Messer Show went to television in 1959

Don Messer's jubilee was distinctly Canadian.

In 1934 Bob Nolan wrote the famous country song Tumbling Tumbleweed

Hank Snow was originally from Idaho. False

Frank Sinatra endorsed rock 'n' roll and praised it as an example of democracy. False

Before television, national radio broadcasting in Canada precisely resembled the national broadcasting situation in the United States. False

The decline of swing music after WWII gave way to rhythm and blues music, a style that appealed to the black working class.

Syd Nathan founded King Records in Cincinnati, which recorded major country and r&b hits.

The biggest Canadian country singer in the late 1940s was Earl Heywood, billed as "Canada's Number One Cowboy Singer."

“Canned” music is music that is recorded.

Musicians' unions and performing rights organizations (e.g., ASCAP) got along during WWII to ease the country's burden of dealing with the war. False

 The development of FM radio was suppressed during WWII because of RCA's David Sarnoff, who wanted the FCC to help him develop TV technology.  True

Two new record labels were founded after the war to record and promote country music. They were Mercury and MGM. 

Independent labels failed to succeed with blues and country songs. False

The most important r&b label in the country by the early 1950s was Atlantic.

The one artist who signifies the transition from the controlled big band sound to the unbridled emotion of rhythm and blues is Louis Jordan.

Capitol was the first record label to send records to deejays free of charge.

The first pop vocalist to engender hysteria among his/her fans was Frank Sinatra.

Which of the following songs in Frank Sinatra's repertoire was not written by a Canadian? Saturday Night is the Loneliest Night of the Week

Which national broadcasting service tried to be "all things" to "all its citizens CBC

Most of the first rock 'n' roll styles were variations on black forms that had taken shape before the white audience moved in. True

In contrast to the United States, Canada has no national networks. True

Eighty percent of Canadians live close enough to the U.S. border to tune into American broadcasting.

Canada broadcasted rock 'n' roll since the early 1950s. False

Top Forty radio came about through the idea of playing records several times a day.

Canada's first rock 'n' roll top 40 format station was CHUM-AM in Toronto owned by Alan Waters

The development of the 45 rpm record made national distribution of records a viable and cost-effective option for independent record companies.

The saxophone (SakeSi) became a standard instrument in early rock 'n' roll bands.

Fats Domino was considered a safe and easy introduction to the so-called “dangerous” music of r&b.

Many early rock ’n’ rollers “covered” r&b songs and made them big hits for themselves. 

Doo wop singing was popular in Toronto and Ottawa.

The Orioles’ first record has been suggested as being the “first rock ’n’ roll record.”  True

In terms of output, Doo Wop was the largest single subgenre of rock ‘n’ roll to come into existence in the 1950s.

The Crew Cuts were able to eliminate R & B elements in their cover of The Chords' Sh-Boom

Young Canadian musicians were influenced by large southern radio stations

The songwriting/production team of Leiber and Stoller wrote songs for Elvis as well as doo wop groups.  True

Chuck Berry’s country-tinged “Maybelline” went to number five on the pop charts in 1955.

Rocket ’88 is sometimes cited as one of the first rock ’n’ roll records. 

Sam Phillips founded Sun records. 

Bill Haley and His Comets made “Rock Around The Clock”, which some feel to be the first rock ’n’ roll record.

Canadian labels licensed albums from American companies to sell them in Canada.

American companies licensed Canadian albums and sold them in the U.S.  False

Jackie Wilson is not a rockabilly artist.

This form of American music was being recorded by some Canadian groups in the late 1950s. Rockabil

Ronnie Hawkins' lasting impact on Canadian rock 'n' roll history was his influence on younger players in Toronto. 

Rockabilly came from and appealed to poor, white, southern male teens. 

Teenagers in the 1950s listened to the music their parents listened to.  False

Unlike in the U.S., there was no racist reaction to rock 'n' roll in Canada in the 1950s. False

Cover records (fengmian) were songs that an artist did based on someone else’s song.  

Pat Boone built his career on sanitized early rock ’n’ roll covers, much to the chagrin of rock’s critics.

None of the rockers from the 1950s had ever heard of Canada let alone toured there. False

The KingtonTrio built a successful career on safe folk music, the type that had no socialist implications.

Schlock rock was rock ’n’ roll.  False

Tin Pan Alley material was the primary inspiration for schlock rock. 

Schlock rock made visual appeal more important than musical ability.

Dick Clark took payola as Alan Freed did. 

Which did not hurt the immediate future of rock ‘n’ roll? Frank Sinatra’s opinion.

Which newspaper reported that "Teenagers swarmed around the stage, dancing in the aisles, cheering, screeching, flinging their arms, shaking their heads and looking like Southern American head-hunters getting warmed up for a party"? Toronto Star

Surf music was a precursor to the psychedelic and underground progressive rock of the ’60s. 

The Ventures were the most influential of the instrumental rock ‘n’ roll bands

The Beach Boys borrowed the tune from Chuck Berry’s “Johnny B Goode” to write “Little Deuce Coupe.”  False

Brian Wilson was very influenced by Phil Spector.

In 1958, more than half the records to make the r&b Top Ten were recorded by white artists. 

The separation of rock ’n’ roll and rhythm & blues contributed to a resurgence of R & B as a separate style with crossover potential.

Surf music generally made reference to the white middle class leisure ethic. 

The black music scene was the same in Canada and the United States.  False

Until 1967 Canadian immigration laws discriminated against people of colour. 

Phil Spector produced the Crystals and Ronettes.

Music made at Motown was intended from the start to be a crossover style. 

There was/were zero recording companies in Canada that specialized in black Canadian music from the 1940s to the 1960s. 

Bob Dylan never had a Top Forty hit.  False

The Beatles, the Searchers, Gerry and the Pacemakers, and the Swinging Blue Jeans came from LP

The Beatles broke as artists in Canada before they did in the United States. 

The British Invasion began a year earlier in Canada than it did in the United States. 

Black rock Rollers of the 50s and Black girl groups influenced the Beatle’s music most.

The blues was/were a big influence on the Stones and the Animals. 

The Beatles’ first American distribution company was black-owned. 

The Beatles and Bob Dylan were the two major popular music forces in the mid-’60s. 

An early 1960s expatriate American recording artist and Toronto favourite who was openly gay when such behaviour was shocking to mainstream society. Jakie Shane

Barry McGuire and Simon and Garfunkel offered a large dose of TPA in their songs

The black music counterpart to Motown was rooted in the Memphis sound. 

James Brown’s music was created and intended for black audiences, creating ‘funk’ along the way.

Jefferson Airplane was the only San Francisco group ever to have Top Ten singles in the 1960s.

Cream was/were the first of the power trios that combined psychedelics and the blues.

George Clinton and Parliament Funkadelic relocated to this Canadian city between 1969 and 1971.  Tor

Lester B. Pearson's lifting of immigration restrictions had a great impact on the music scene in this city.T

Lennon and McCartney were the greatest songwriting team of the ’60s.

The sexual revolution of the late ’60s liberated men and women equally.  False

Sly and the Family Stone was the first racially and gender-integrated rock band, fusing rock, and funk. 

Altamont was a fitting end to the turbulent ’60s in rock music, politics, and the counterculture.

Pete Seeger and the Weavers had an impact on this Canadian folk group.  The Travellers

The first major folk festival in Canada was founded in 1961 and was called the: Mariposa

What is the name of the group Ian and Sylvia Tyson founded which helped to pioneer the sound of country rock? The Great Speckled Bird

In the 1960s Quiet Revolution in Quebec, Chanson became highly politicized. 

French performers of folk songs are called: chansonniers

The name of the Canadian band/artist that was written on otherwise unmarked sleeves and sent to radio stations across the country with the single "Shakin All Over" is: Guess Who

"American Woman" was the first Canadian album to go number one in the U.S. 

What is the name of the blind Canadian blues performer who exploded onto the international music scene with a unique overhand guitar style and a sound inspired by Hendrix and Clapton?  Jeff Healey