The hadith tells the story of Jibreel (as) when he came to the Prophet (s.a.w), asking a set of questions. The Prophet (s.a.w) responded to those questions and then addressed his companions.

Sūrah al-Baqarah (2: 284-286)

1. Allah knows everything: Allah has complete knowledge of both what is seen and what is hidden.

2. Be aware of yourself: We should be mindful of our actions and intentions, as we are accountable for them.

3. Allah’s power to forgive or punish: Allah has the authority to forgive or punish us, and He does so according to His wisdom.

   4. The six pillars of faith: Belief in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and divine decree are fundamental to faith.

   5. Humility and obedience: Believers are humble and obedient, fully submitting to Allah's will.

   6. Unity of all prophets: All prophets are seen as equal messengers of Allah, reinforcing the unity of their mission.

   7.Allah’s fairness: Allah doesn’t give us tasks or obligations that are beyond our ability to handle.

   5.Trust in Allah's mercy: Believers are encouraged to seek Allah’s forgiveness and mercy through prayer.

   6. Balance in effort: It’s important to strive for good deeds while also relying on Allah’s help and guidance.

Highlight the Hadith:

A man came to nabi while dressed in extremely white clothes and with very black hair. No traces of journeying were visible on him, and none of us knew him. He sat down close by the Prophet (peace be upon him), rested his knee against his thighs, and said, "O Muhammad! Inform me about Islam."

1. Islam

2. Iman

3. Ihsan

Pillars of Islam:

1. Shahada

2. Salat

3. Zakat

4. Sawm

5. Hajj

Significance of the Hadith:

1. Comprehensive summary of Islam: It brings together outward actions (Islam), inner beliefs (Iman), and spiritual excellence (Ihsan).

2. Hierarchy of understanding: The path begins with physical actions (Islam), followed by inner beliefs (Iman), and reaches its peak in spiritual depth (Ihsan).

3. Striving for Ihsan: Muslims are encouraged to aim for Ihsan, the highest level of spiritual excellence, in their relationship with Allah.

ūrah Al-Fātiḥah, or "The Opening," is a key chapter in the Qur'an with seven verses. It summarizes important Islamic beliefs, especially belief in Allah. It is recited in every unit of prayer (Salah), making it central to daily worship and connecting Muslims with Allah. The surah praises Allah’s power, mercy, and asks for His guidance.

The understanding of Sūrah
Al-Fātiḥah in relation to the
Belief in Allah:

Verse 1: "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"

• Belief in Allah’s Names and Attributes: This verse begins with Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Raheem, calling on Allah by His beautiful names. Ar-Rahman (The Most Gracious) and Ar-Raheem (The Most Merciful) highlight Allah's immense mercy and love, showing His care for all creation.

Verse 2: "All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the Worlds"

• Belief in Allah as the Sustainer: Allah is described as Rabb al-Alamin (Lord of the Worlds), which means He is the Creator, Sustainer, and Provider for everything in existence. This verse encourages gratitude and acknowledges Allah’s supreme authority over all aspects of life.

Belief in Angels:

Surah al-Infitar (82:10-12) highlights the role of angels as noble recorders of human deeds. These angels keep track of every action, reminding believers that they are accountable for their behavior. By understanding the angels’ role, believers can strengthen their faith in Allah’s justice, become more mindful of their actions, and strive to live a life that pleases Allah.

The Belief in Malā’ikah
based on Sūrah al-Infiṭār
(82:10-12):

Roles of Angels Related to Human Accountability:

1. Recording Deeds:
   The recording angels (Kiraman Katibin) are assigned to every person. One angel records good deeds, while the other records bad deeds (Surah Qaf, 50:17-18).

2. Protection and Observation:
   Angels also act as guardians and witnesses to human actions, constantly observing what individuals do.

Accountability and Awareness:
These verses remind believers that angels are always watching, which encourages them to:

• Avoid sins: Knowing their actions are being recorded.

• Perform good deeds: Being confident that good deeds are documented and will be rewarded.

Belief in the Books:

Belief in the Divine Books (Kutub) goes hand in hand with believing in Allah and angels. These beliefs work together to guide us, hold us accountable, and strengthen our faith. By acknowledging Allah’s Oneness, understanding that angels bring His messages, and following the wisdom found in His Books, we build a closer connection with Allah and live in a way that fulfills our purpose as His servants.

Its relationship with the
Belief in Allah:

Revelation as Proof of Allah’s Guidance

The Divine Scriptures are clear signs of Allah’s mercy and guidance for humanity. By believing in them, we recognize that:

• Allah never leaves us without guidance; He provides clear instructions for success in this life and the Hereafter.

• Allah’s knowledge and wisdom are flawless, as demonstrated in the words He revealed to His prophets.

Its relationship with the
Belief in Malā’ikah:

Role of Angels in Revelation

Angels, especially Jibril (Gabriel, AS), have a special role in bringing Allah’s messages to the Prophets. For example:

• Jibril delivered the Qur’an to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) over 23 years.

• He also brought the Tawrah to Musa (AS) and the Injil to Isa (AS).

This shows the close link between angels and Divine Books, with angels acting as messengers who carry Allah’s guidance to us.

n this surah, Prophet Nūḥ (Noah) is shown facing rejection from his people, despite his constant efforts to guide them toward the truth. This shows how difficult it is for prophets to spread their message, as people often turn away because of their pride or their love for worldly things.

Duties:

Prophet Nūḥ's main mission was to teach his people about the oneness of Allah and warn them about the consequences of rejecting Him. He urged them to repent, reminded them of Allah’s mercy, and highlighted the peace and blessings that come from worshipping Allah alone.

Mission:

Prophet Nūḥ’s mission was to guide his people to the right path, save them from punishment in the Hereafter, and help them find salvation. Even though he preached for over 950 years, many still rejected his message. This shows how important prophets are in giving clear guidance, as without them, people would lose their way.

The Stages of qiyamah (Day
of Resurrection):

The Stages of Qiyamah (Day of Resurrection):

1. Destruction: Everything will be destroyed when the trumpet is blown.

2. Resurrection: Everyone will be brought back to life for judgment.

3. Judgment: Each person will be judged for their actions, and their deeds will be weighed.

4. Crossing the Bridge: People will cross a bridge over Hell, with some falling off based on their deeds.

5. Final Destination: People will either enter Paradise (Jannah) or Hell (Jahannam) based on Allah’s judgment.

The Understanding of the
Belief in Qadā’ and Qadr:

Qadā’ and Qadr are essential aspects of Islamic belief. Qadā’ refers
to Allah’s eternal knowledge and decision about everything that
occurs, while Qadr refers to the implementation of His will.

Key Principles:

Allah’s Knowledge: Allah knows everything—what has happened, what’s happening now, and what will happen in the future.

Free Will: We have the freedom to make our own choices, but those choices are part of Allah’s greater plan.

Divine Justice: Allah is always fair, and He doesn’t give us challenges beyond our ability to handle.

Trust in Allah: Believing in Allah’s will helps us trust that everything happens for a reason, guided by His wisdom.

Surah Nūḥ reflects this belief, reminding us that Allah is in control of everything, and we are accountable for the choices we make.

The verses in Surah al-Isra' (17:22-39) offer a series of moral and ethical guidelines for living a virtuous
life, many of which align with the concept of Ihsan. Al-Ihsan, meaning "excellence" or "perfection," represents doing good deeds with sincerity, as though one is seeing Allah or knowing that Allah is always watching.

Key points from the verses that
reflect the spirit of Ihsan

• Tawhid (verse 22): Worship only Allah and don't associate anyone with Him. Ihsan means being sincere and mindful in worship.

• Kindness to Parents (verses 23-24): Always treat your parents with respect and care, especially when they get old. This shows Ihsan in your relationships.

• Justice and Honesty (verse 35): Be fair and honest in your dealings with others. This is part of Ihsan in how we interact with people.

• Avoidance of Arrogance and Pride (verse 37): Be humble, recognizing Allah's greatness. Humility is a key aspect of Ihsan.

Sample Application of Ihsan in
Daily Life (Sharh of Hadith No. 17,
Al-Nawawi's Forty Hadith)

This hadith teaches that Ihsan (excellence) should be applied in everything we do, even in tasks like slaughtering an animal. It stresses being kind, careful, and precise. For example, when killing or slaughtering, do it in the best way possible—by using a sharp blade and minimizing the animal's suffering. Ihsan means showing consideration and excellence in all actions, big or small.

Applications in daily
life:

• Worship (Ibadah): Worshipping with full focus, understanding, and devotion shows Ihsan in your relationship with Allah.

• Work and Responsibilities: Doing your work with excellence, avoiding laziness, and fulfilling your duties well reflects Ihsan in your professional life.

• Interpersonal Relationships: Being kind, patient, and caring toward family, friends, and even strangers shows Ihsan in how you treat others.

• Environmental Care: Taking care of the environment and avoiding wastefulness reflects Ihsan in respecting and preserving Allah's creation.

Brief Exposition on
Eschatology (Heaven and
Hell)

Eschatology in Islam refers to beliefs about the Day of Judgment and the afterlife, including Heaven (Jannah) and Hell (Jahannam). These concepts are central to Islamic theology and motivate believers to live righteously

Brief Exposition on
Eschatology (Heaven and
Hell)

• Jannah is the eternal place of bliss and reward for those who are righteous.

• The Qur’an describes it as having rivers of milk, honey, and pure water, along with gardens full of delicious fruits.

• Inhabitants of Jannah experience complete peace and happiness, with no fear or sadness.

• The greatest reward in Jannah is the privilege of seeing Allah (Ruyah), which is the ultimate joy.

• Jahannam is the place of punishment for those who reject faith or commit serious sins without repentance.

• It's described as a blazing fire with different levels of severity based on people's deeds.

• The inhabitants of Jahannam experience deep regret and anguish for the wrong choices they made in life.

These verses tell the story of Prophet Ibrahim (AS) and how he treated his father, Azar, with respect, even though his father worshipped idols. From this, we learn that:

• Children should always be polite and kind to their parents.

• We should show kindness to our parents, even if they don't believe or make mistakes.

• It's encouraged to pray for their well-being.

2. Examples of Adab with Neighbours and Society

   • Respecting Neighbours: Avoid disturbing them with noise or any inconvenience

   • Helping in times of need: Such as providing food or assisting them when they are unwell

   • Guarding one’s speech: Avoid gossiping or spreading false information

3. Application of Adab as a student

   • Greeting (Salam): Initiating greetings with teachers and peers fosters a harmonious environment.

   • Apologizing Acknowledging mistakes and maintaining humility.

   • Saying Thank You: Shows appreciation for others’ kindness and help.

   • Asking for help politely: Using respectful language when seeking assistance.

   • Smiling: Reflects a friendly and positive attitude in interactions

1. Leadership: Prophet Sulayman inherited the leadership role from his father, Prophet Daud, and demonstrated exceptional leadership qualities by acknowledging the divine gifts and wisdom bestowed upon him.

   • His statement emphasizes the importance of recognizing and appreciating the resources and abilities one has as a leader.

   • Effective leadership involves not only guiding others but also being aware of and grateful for the resources and wisdom at one's disposal.

   • Prophet Sulayman’s leadership was marked by his humility and his ability to leverage his knowledge and gifts for the benefit of his people, showcasing a balanced approach to authority that combines vision, responsibility, and respect.

2. Empathy: Prophet Sulayman’s reaction to the ant’s speech illustrates his deep empathy. His smile and subsequent prayer reflect his understanding and appreciation for all living beings, regardless of their size or status.

   • Empathy in leadership means connecting with others on an emotional level, understanding their concerns, and responding with kindness and compassion.

   • Prophet Sulayman’s response highlights the importance of being attuned to the needs and feelings of others, which fosters a supportive and nurturing environment.

   • His empathy extended to recognizing the significance of all creatures and ensuring their well-being, a crucial aspect of compassionate leadership.

3. Accountability: Prophet Sulayman’s meticulous approach to ensuring that all birds were present demonstrates his strong sense of accountability.

   • Accountability involves being responsible for one's actions and those of others, ensuring that duties and tasks are performed effectively.

   • Prophet Sulayman’s attention to detail in monitoring his entire domain reflects a leader’s responsibility to oversee and manage their resources and team members diligently.

   • This sense of accountability ensures that all parts of the system are functioning correctly and contributes to overall efficiency and harmony within the leadership structure

4. Dedication: The Hoopoe’s [Hud Hud] dedication to its duty is evident in its travel from Saba’ to deliver important information.

   • Dedication involves a commitment to one's responsibilities, demonstrating perseverance and reliability in fulfilling tasks.

   • The Hoopoe’s [Hud Hud] actions reflect the importance of being devoted to one’s role and going the extra mile to ensure that important information is communicated.

   • This quality is essential for leaders, as it fosters trust and dependability within a team or organization. Dedication ensures that leaders and their teams remain focused on their goals and consistently work towards achieving them, despite challenges.

5. Ethics: Prophet Sulayman’s letter to the Queen of Saba’ embodies ethical leadership by invoking Allah’s attributes of mercy and guiding the Queen with respect and humility.

   • Ethics in leadership involves adhering to moral principles and ensuring that actions are conducted with integrity and fairness.

   • Sulayman’s approach was both respectful and inclusive, highlighting the importance of maintaining high ethical standards in communication and leadership.

   • Ethical leaders prioritize honesty, fairness, and respect, setting a positive example and fostering trust and respect among those they lead.

6. Respect: Prophet Sulayman’s interaction with the Queen of Saba’, particularly his reaction to her misunderstanding, demonstrates respect.

   • He took care to explain the situation with understanding and patience.

   • Respect in leadership involves valuing others' perspectives, acknowledging their dignity, and engaging with them in a considerate manner.

   • Prophet Sulayman’s respectful handling of the Queen’s reaction shows that effective leaders create an environment where others feel valued and understood, contributing to positive and collaborative relationships.

7. Sustainability: The Queen of Saba’s reflection on the actions of kings underscores the importance of sustainability and responsible leadership.

   • Sustainability involves ensuring that leadership and decisions contribute to the long-term well-being of the community and environment.

   • Prophet Sulayman’s leadership, in contrast to the destructive behavior described, focused on preserving harmony and ensuring the prosperity of his kingdom.

   • Sustainable leadership practices consider the long-term impact of actions and prioritize the health and stability of the community, avoiding short-term gains that may lead to future harm.

● Ḥikmah means intellect, wisdom, and knowledge.

● Ḥikmah denotes fear [of God], according to Rabi bin Anas.

● Ḥikmah is the concept of comprehending the commands of Allah, according to Ibn Zayd.

● Ḥikmah is a blend of knowledge and deed, according to Ibn Qutaiba

Hikmah and Ibadah: In Islam, it is believed that worship (ʿibādah) can help a person gain ḥikmah (wisdom). This is because worship is not just about physical actions, but also about building inner qualities like humility, sincerity, and devotion. When someone worships with the right intention and mindset, these qualities grow, leading to the development of wisdom.

Objective of Hikmah in Islam: It is believed that developing inner qualities like humility, sincerity, and devotion helps people gain a deeper understanding of their religion and live according to its teachings.

Hikmah and Education: Suhailah et al. (2021) stated that Hikmah pedagogy, a way of learning through philosophical inquiry, helps students by improving their critical thinking, questioning skills, and independent thinking. This supports the goals of Islamic Education, which are to understand, live by, and practice Islamic values and principles.

Definition of Niyyah: In Islam, the term niyyah refers to the intention or motive behind an act, which is to attain Allah SWT’s reward and draw oneself closer to the Almighty.

• Setting the right niyyah (intention) is important because it helps tell the difference between acts done for Allah and those done for others. A deed without the right niyyah may not be accepted by Allah (SWT).

How to know if we set a right niyyah?

• Sincerity: One should perform the act of worship solely for the sake of Allah SWT and not for any other reason.

• Purity of intention: One should make sure that their intention is pure and free from any ulterior motives

• Clarity: One should be clear about what they intend to do and why they intend to do it.

• Focus: One should focus on the act of worship and avoid any distractions.

• Consistency: One should make sure that their intention remains consistent throughout the act of worship.

  
  

  Definition of Amal: In Islam, amal means doing good deeds and acts of worship. It is a key part of the faith and shows a Muslim’s devotion to Allah. Amal also benefits the community by encouraging kindness, charity, and helping others.

• To apply the right amal, one should strive to perform acts of worship and good deeds with sincerity and devotion.

• It is important to remember that the intention behind the act is just as important as the act itself.

• In addition, one should strive to perform acts of worship and good deeds consistently, rather than sporadically

  
  

  Ehsan: In Islam, Ehsan means having good qualities that help a person live a good life. Examples include compassion, honesty, humility, and patience. To practice Ehsan is to make these values a natural part of your behavior and daily life.

  1. Awareness – Know what Ehsan is and why it matters in Islam.

  2. Understanding – Learn what Ehsan looks like in real life.

  3. Action – Try to practice Ehsan in your daily behavior.

  4. Reflection – Think about your actions and see if they match the values of Ehsan.

  5. Acquisition – With time, Ehsan becomes part of who you are and how you live.

  
  

1. Islam – Being a Muslim

2. Berakal – Being of sound mind

3. Baligh – Having reached puberty

Conditions for a valid prayer (ṣaḥīḥ ṣalāh):

1. Free from major and minor impurity

2. Body, clothes, and place of prayer must be clean from najis (impurities)

3. Covering the aurah (parts of the body that must be covered in prayer)

4. Prayer time has started with certainty

5. Facing the Qiblah with certainty

6. Knowing how to perform the prayer

7. Avoiding actions that invalidate the prayer

Pillars of Prayer (Rukn Ṣalāh):

1. Niyyah (intention)

2. Standing, if able, for obligatory prayers

3. Takbiratul Ihram (saying "Allahu Akbar" to start the prayer)

4. Reciting Surah Al-Fatihah

5. Ruku’ (bowing)

6. I’tidal (standing straight after ruku’)

7. Two prostrations (sujud) in each raka‘ah

8. Sitting between the two prostrations

9. Final sitting (tahiyat akhir)

10. Reciting the final Tashahhud (tahiyat akhir)

11. Sending blessings (salawat) on the Prophet (SAW) after the final Tashahhud

12. Giving the first salam (turning the head to the right and saying “Assalamu’alaikum”)

13. Performing all the pillars in the correct order

Things that invalidate (break) the prayer (Ṣalāh):

• Talking

• Large or excessive movements

• Having impurities (najis) on clothes or body

• Not covering the aurah (parts that must be covered)

• Eating or drinking

• Being in a state of impurity (hadath) before the first salam

• Changing the intention (niyyah)

• Turning your back away from the Qiblah

Sunnah acts in prayer (Perkara Sunnah dalam Solat):

• Looking at the place of prostration

• Reciting the opening supplication (doa iftitah)

• Clear and slow recitation, especially at the right places

• Saying “Amiin” after reciting Al-Fatihah

• Saying tasbih (glorifying Allah) during ruku’ and sujud

• Reciting during i’tidal (standing after ruku’)

• Making dua (supplication) before the first salam

• Maintaining khusyu’ (deep focus and humility) throughout the prayer

Sunat Ab’adh & Hai’ah (Optional Sunnah acts related to prayer):

Sunat Ab’adh includes seven things:

1. Tasyahud awal – Reciting the early Tashahhud in the second raka‘ah of Zuhr, Asr, and Isha prayers

2. Sending salawat on the Prophet (SAW) during the early Tashahhud

3. Sitting for the early Tashahhud

4. Sending salawat on the Prophet’s family during the final Tashahhud

5. Making the qunut supplication in the second raka‘ah of Fajr prayer

6. Sending salawat on the Prophet (SAW) and his family during qunut

7. Standing while making qunut

SUNAT AB’ADAH & HAI’AH: If missed accidentally or intentionally, it is recommended to make up for it with Sujud Sahwi (prostration of forgetfulness) at the end of the prayer or after the prayer.
The recitation during Sujud Sahwi is the same as in a regular sujud.
It can be done before or after saying the salam.

Makruh acts in prayer (things disliked during Ṣalāh):

1. Turning the head without a purpose during prayer

2. Looking upwards

3. Praying near food that smells good

4. Praying while holding back the need to urinate or defecate

5. Praying when very sleepy

Wudu': Pillars of ablution

1. Intention

2. Washing the face

3. Washing both hands up to the elbows

4. Wiping part of the head (such as 3 strands of hair, a patch, or the whole head)

5. Washing both feet up to the ankles

6. Observing the correct sequence

Conditions for Valid Ablution (Shurut Sah Wudu):

• Muslim

• Of discerning age (able to distinguish right from wrong)

• Free from menstruation and postnatal bleeding

• Using pure (mutlaq) water

• Nothing preventing water from reaching the parts of ablution

• The water's purity is not changed by foreign substances on the body parts for ablution

Acts That Invalidate Ablution (Things That Break Wudu):

• Anything that exits from the private parts (front or back passage)

• Unsettled or deep sleep

• Loss of sanity or consciousness

• Touching one's wife or another woman (subject to scholarly discussion)

• Touching the private parts with the palm of the hand

Number of Washes and Wipes in Wudu:

• 1 time – Obligatory

• 2 times – Sunnah (recommended)

• 3 times – Sunnah (recommended)

• More than 3 times – Discouraged (Makruh)

Sunnah Acts in Wudu (Ablution):

• Reciting the Basmala ("Bismillah")

• Washing the hands

• Rinsing the mouth and inhaling water into the nose

• Running fingers through a thick beard

• Wiping the entire head

• Extending the washing beyond the required limits

• Wiping both ears

• Performing the steps in quick succession (continuity – muwalah)

• Using water sparingly

• Reciting a supplication (du'a) after completing wudu

TAYAMMUM: Being prevented from using water, whether due to a clear obstacle, such as no water being available within a reachable distance, or water being nearby but there is danger, like the presence of a feared enemy nearby.
Or due to a Shariah-based reason, such as fear of using water because it may cause illness or delay the healing process.

Pillars of Tayammum:

1. Intention

2. Wiping the face and both hands with clean earth using two separate strikes

3. Observing the correct sequence (order)

Khusyu': Khushu' (humility and focus) in prayer is Sunnah, not a pillar.

• It includes being focused, humble, calm, understanding what is being recited, being aware of communicating with Allah, and avoiding unnecessary or purposeless actions during prayer.

Things That Hinder Khushu' (Focus in Prayer):

• Doubts and distractions (waswas)

• Attachment of the heart/mind to things one loves, which lead to constantly thinking about or seeking them

• Thinking about things one dislikes or dreads

• Perform ablution (wudu) properly

• Do not waste water

• Understand and reflect on the recitations during prayer

• Have a good understanding of the fiqh (rules) of prayer

• Increase the performance of Sunnah acts within the prayer

• Make dua (supplication) to Allah

• Minimize unnecessary movements

• Avoid thinking about worldly matters

• Focus your gaze on the place of prostration

• Pray calmly; do not rush or fidget

• Grasp the deeper meaning of things, beyond just the surface

• Make wise and thoughtful decisions

• Communicate and behave with kindness and fairness

• Handle situations with patience and sound judgment

• Following that, we discussed the value of having sincere niyyah (intentions) in everything we do. We spoke about our personal goals and the intentions behind our actions, all aimed at seeking Allah’s approval and success in both this life (dunya) and the hereafter (akhirah).

• We then focused on the concept of amal, which in Islam refers to doing righteous deeds and engaging in acts of worship. We reflected on the efforts we made and the wisdom (hikmah) behind each practice from the pillars of Islam that we performed.

• Lastly, we shared our thoughts on Ehsan. Ehsan means doing everything with excellence and sincerity. It reminds us to give our best in all our efforts, ensuring fairness and success for both ourselves and others.

• Takrim (Respect) – While fasting, we become more aware of how we speak and behave. It encourages us to treat others kindly and respectfully, and reminds us to honor the worship we are doing.

• Rahmah (Compassion) – Going without food helps us feel what others might be going through. It softens our hearts, builds empathy, and inspires us to be more forgiving, generous, and kind.

1. Giving Up (Sacrifice):

Going on Hajj means giving things up, like comfort or money, just like Prophet Ibrahim did. It teaches us that real love for God means we're ready to sacrifice what's most important to us.

2. Being Aware of God (Taqwa):

Everything you do in Hajj, like wearing special clothes or praying, helps you feel closer to God. It's about always being aware that God is there, watching and listening, and trying to live every moment for Him.

* Ukhuwwah (Brotherhood): Giving charity, whether Zakat or Sadaqah, strengthens community bonds. It's not just about giving money; it's about building a sense of togetherness. This practice encourages mutual support, helps bridge the gap between the wealthy and the less fortunate, and fosters empathy. It's a key way the Muslim community (ummah) remains connected and unified.