-independent variable: Amount of water

-dependent variable: # of seed germ

Hypothesis:

-H0 amount of water will NOT affect the germination

-H1 amount of water will afect germination

1. measure the paper accurate to the bottom of the container

2. measure the correct amount of water by mililiters with the graduated cylinder

3. put the 10 seeds in the bottom of the container seperated

4. close the lid and put a label

5. repeat for the diff amounts of liquid

Hypothesis: H0 amount of water will affect not germination and H1 amount of water will affect germination

Procedures: The errors bars for the most part overlapped with each other except for one outlier.

Claim: The amount of water did affect germination. While we conducted the experiment I noticed that most of the results showed that most of the numbers were in the higher number range and most of them germinated. Which therefore, shows that the amount of water did affect germination.

*HzO affets # of seeds germinated

Evidence:

-5ML - 1.67 seeds (ave)

-10ML - 7.4 seeds (ave)

No overlap between error bars of 5ML and 10ML data

Reasoning:

-Softens Seed Coat

-Provides dissolved Oxygen

-Speeds RXN's inside seed

-Activates Enzymes of Respiration

To begin, the amount of water is so important because when we added 5ML of water there was about a 1.67 seeds that were germinated. However, when we added 10ML of water to the seeds about 7.4 seeds were germinated on average. Also there was no overlap in error bars therefore showing the affect of the amount of water present. The reasoning behind this was with the greater amount of water that was added itt softened the seed coat and made the seed easier to access the dissolved water which helped activate the enzymes of respiration.

Therefore, proving the affect of the amount helps the seeds germinate.

Hypothesis:

H0: No the moisture will not affect the bugs

H1: Yes, the moisture will increase the bugs

Procedure:

1. Place filter paper on both sides

2. Add 2 ML of water in one side

3. add 10 bugs (5 on each side)

4. Record the activity of bugs every minute

CER:

Claim: The moisture does not affect the number of isopods in the choice chamber.

Evidence: This was shown in the investigations when we calculated the average of the movement from the wet side of the choice chamber.

Reasoning: This ties in because it shows how their behavior was not shifted when we created the side with the water. They did not really shift to the side without the water and it stayed that way.

Hypothesis:

H0: No, the vinegar will not affect the bugs

H1: Yes, the vinegar will affect the bugs

Procedure:

1. place paper filter on both sides

2. Add a few droplets of H20 in one side

3. Add a few droplets of vinegar in the other side

4. Add 10 bugs total (5 on each side)

5. Record every minute of the # of bugs

Claim: Vinegar does affect the number of bugs.

Evidence: To begin, while we were conducting our experiment we noticed that the second we added the vinegar to one side they almost instantaneouly began to flee and go to the other side with the water. This proves that the vinegar plays a role in the affect of the number of bugs because it shows irregular behavior that they decided to flee very quickly. Therefore, proving that Vinegar does affect the number of bugs.

Idependent Variable: Type of Water

Dependent Variable: Growth of Duckweed

the growth of Duckweed

Hypothesis

N0: No the type of water will not affect the growth of Duckweed

N1: Yes the type of water does affect the growth of Duckweed.

Constants:

• amount of water

• amount of duckweed

• the amount of time for duckweed to grow

Procedure:

1. measure the three kinds of water into 3 cups ( 125 ML )

2. Put the pieces of duckweed in all cups

3. Measure and collect data for 9 days

4. Compare all results after

CER

Yes, the type of water does affect the growth of Duckweed. During the experiment we analyzed the growth of duckweed in three different types of water. Filtered, tap, and Community park pond water. What we noticed during this investigation was that Community park had the most growth of duckweed in a steady pace and caused the duckweed to grow with little deaths. This is because of the abundant amount of nutrients in the water. However, when we conducted the experiment with filtered water it had no nutrients in the water at all which caused the duckweed to die and almost hit zero. Piggying back off of the decrease in duckweed we conducted an experiment on tap water which had few nutrients which caused the duckweed to not die at a fast rate but was not filled with enough nutrients to increase the amount of duckweed. Therefore showing the type of water does affect the growth of Duckweed.

Hypothesis:

H0: No areas in community park will there be a difference in biodiversity

H1: A specific area in community park has the highest amount of biodiversity.

Procedure:

1. Go to community park

2. make glue traps with stting and a glue trap

3. put glue traps in three areas (marsh,hill, and bridge)

4. Finally wait a day and go collect the glue traps to collect the data.

   CER

   The area in community park that has the most biodiversity was the bridge. This was shown throughout the experiment because when we collected the glue traps to collect the bugs we were able to collect a whopping 26 bugs in the bridge rather than only 13 like the hill. Also when we calculated the biodiversity we calculated we were given .84 which is almost over .10 then both other experiments we conducted. Therefore, proving that the bridge had the most biodiversity.

Dependent Variable: CO2

Testable Question: Does light affect CO2 levels in a container of spinach leaves?

Null and Alternative Hypothesis:

H0: No, Light does not affect Co2 levels in a container of leaves

H1: Yes, light does affect CO2 levels in a container of leaves.

Procedure:

• Set up the sensor on your laptop

• Begin with testing your control groups without leaves

• Start 5 minutes with the first test group with no leaves and aluminum foil and record those numbers

• Next start for 5 minutes with leaves and aluminum foil

• Then document the next set of data

• finally, compare data and calculate the difference

  Claim: Light does affect CO2 because of the process of photosynthesis

  Evidence: We can conclude this because when we ran our experiment we found the data that the leaves in the light had the most change of negative 185 when it began at a 637. We know this data is accurate because we ran a control experiment concluding that there was close to no change in the amount of CO2 without the spinach leaves.

  Reasoning: This conveys how the leaves create an impact on CO2 levels because when there are leaves present, they create photosynthesis and emit more levels of CO2. Which therefore, conveys how light does affect CO2 because of the process of photosynthesis

Dependent variable: CO2 levels

Testable Question: How does germination affect the respiration rate in mung beans?

Null and Alternative Hypothesis

N0: Germination will affect respiration rate in mung beans

N1: Germination will affect the respiration rates in mung beans

Constants:

• 25 Seeds

• 8 minutes

Procedure:

1. First we set up the verinier sensor

2. we place 25 dormant mung beans in the container and collect the Co2 levels after 8 minutes

3. next we remove the dormant mung beans

4. then we add 25 Germinating seeds in the container and continue the same process

5. Then we remove the germinating seeds and add the glass beads

6. finally we compare all of our data

CER

Claim: Germination affects the respiration rate in mung beans because it raises Co2 levels.

Evidence: We know this because when we started our experiment with dormant non germinating mung beans we were given the results of a -21 change. On the contrary when we ran the experiment with germinating seeds we were given the results of a 275 positive change and the levels of Co2 skyrocketed.

Reasoning: Therefore, we can conclude that Germination affects the respiration rate in mung beans because it causes Co2 levels to skyrocket

Dependent Variable: Mass Change

Testable Question: Does concentration affect % of mass change in potatoes?

Null: Concentration of sugar does not affect mass % of change in potatoes

Alternative: Concentration of sugar affects mass % of the change in potatoes

Constants:

-25ML

-3 Potato cores

-24 hours

Procedure:

1. Label 5 cups 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8

2. Pour water sugar amounts in cups according to the labels

3. Cut 15 pieces of Potato

4. put 3 potato wedges in each cup and weigh the initial mass

5. Wait 24 hours

6. calculate the final mass and the % of change

CER

Claim: Sucrose Concentration does affect mass change in potatoes in potatoes due to osmosis.

Evidence: This was proven because when we began the experiment, our initial mass for our sucrose concentration was 2.48, and after the 24-hour mark with a 0.8 sucrose concentration, it was a -27.02% change. This shows that the amount of sucrose concentration affects potatoes because of osmosis. Which is when there is an unequal balance of sugar and water, which causes a cell to explode or shrivel up.

Reasoning: Therefore, illuminating that Sucrose Concentration does affect mass change in potatoes in potatoes due to osmosis. Which is when there is an unequal balance of sugar and water, which causes a cell to explode or shrivel up.