True or False: Focus group discussions (FGDs) are used in qualitative research to gather data through individual, one-on-one interviews.
Answer: False
(FGDs involve group discussions, not individual interviews.)

1. True or False: One of the key benefits of focus group discussions is that they allow participants to build on each other’s ideas, providing deeper insights than individual interviews might reveal.
   Answer: True
   (Interaction between participants often generates richer data.)

2. True or False: Ethical considerations in FGDs include obtaining informed consent and ensuring participant confidentiality.
   Answer: True

3.1 Interviews (Structured, Unstructured and Semi-Structured)

1. A semi-structured interview is the most flexible type of interview method as it involves using participant responses to form subsequent questions.

   ANSWER: FALSE

2. An interview is a qualitative research method that relies on asking questions.

   ANSWER: TRUE

3. Yes or No and True or False are examples of dichotomous questions.

   ANSWER: TRUE

Topic: 4.Qualitative Data Analysis and Procedures

1. Thematic analysis is widely used in qualitative research.

   Answer: True

2. The researcher’s biases and perspectives can significantly affect data interpretation in qualitative research.

   Answer: False

3. Grounded theory does not require researchers to start with a hypothesis; it develops theories grounded in the data collected.

   Answer: False

3.4 - OBSERVATION

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following is a characteristic of scientific observation?

A) It involves subjective interpretation.
B) It is systematic and follows a specific procedure.
C) It always includes participation from the observer.
D) It cannot be controlled in any circumstances.

Answer: B – Scientific observation is systematic and follows a clear, defined process.

2. In which type of observation is the observer hidden from the subjects to prevent influencing their behavior?

A) Covert observation
B) Overt observation
C) Structured observation
D) Participant observation

Answer: A – Covert observation involves hiding the observer's presence to avoid altering subjects' behavior.

3. What is the main difference between participant and non-participant observation?

A) Whether the observation takes place indoors or outdoors.
B) The level of control the observer has over the environment.
C) Whether the observer is actively involved in the activity being observed.
D) Whether the observation is conducted directly or indirectly.

Answer: C – In participant observation, the observer is actively involved in the activity, whereas in non-participant observation, the observer is not involved.

5-Identifying and Formulating Research Problem.

1. A type of a research problem that focus on real-world challenges and generating practical solution to improve various aspects of society, technology, health, and the environment. 

   a. Theoretical Research Problem

   b. Applied Research Problem

   c. Action Research Problem

2. A research problem that aims to create positive change within specific contexts by involving stakeholders, implementing interventions, and evaluating outcomes in a collaborative manner. 

   a. Theoretical Research Problem

   b. Applied Research Problem

   c. Action Research Problem

3. A research problem that deal with conceptual and intellectual inquiries.

   a. Theoretical Research Problem

   b. Applied Research Problem

   c. Action Research Problem

3.3 Document Analysis

1. Document Analysis is a qualitative research technique used by researchers.

   Answer: TRUE

2. Public records refer to accounts of an individual’s own experiences.

   Answer: FALSE

3. Flyers, posters, and training materials are examples of physical evidence.

   Answer: TRUE