Data Analysis Graphics - Part 2 by Carla Scott Rogers https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8 en-us 2021-08-11 20:21:44 UTC 2025-11-19 20:39:08 UTC hello@padlet.com Z-Scores scottrogersc https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083191820  | “These scores range from +4 to -4, and have an average of zero; positive scores are above average, negative scores are below average” (Logsdon, 2022, para. 10) | Z-scores have meaning because the number corresponds to a specific percentile ranking.]]> 2022-03-08 04:18:27 UTC https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083191820 Grade Equivalent Scores scottrogersc https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083193677  | Frey (2018), “the grade equivalent score compares a child’s performance on a grade-level exam to the median score of other students” (p. 1)  | Student performance can be compared to other students in the same grade, and is used to find out if interventions are needed.]]> 2022-03-08 04:19:58 UTC https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083193677 Age Equivalent Scores scottrogersc https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083198010  | Frey (2018), stated “an age equivalent (AE) score provides an estimate of the chronological age (CA) at which a typically developing child demonstrates the skills displayed by the child being assessed” (p. 1).  | Test evaluators view age equivalent scores as a factor to determine if a student is progressing at the expected level for a child at that particular age. ]]> 2022-03-08 04:23:09 UTC https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083198010 Calculation of Age scottrogersc https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083204279  | A student’s age calculation is achieved by subtracting the date of birth from the date of testing.  | Calculating a student’s chronological age at the time of testing is used to determine their individual eligibility (Weglin, 2014).]]> 2022-03-08 04:27:53 UTC https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083204279 Raw Scores scottrogersc https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083206637  | According to ETS (2011), “a raw score is the total number of score points a test taker obtains by answering questions correctly on a test” (The Raw & Percent Correct Score) | The purpose of the raw score is to identify the number of test questions that a student responded to correctly. ]]> 2022-03-08 04:29:33 UTC https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083206637 T-Scores scottrogersc https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083209419   | “T-scores have an average of 50, and scores higher than 50 are above average while lower than 50 are below average” (Logsdon, 2022, para. 11) | The purpose of using T-scores is to help the user to transform student specific scores into standardized scores. ]]> 2022-03-08 04:31:28 UTC https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083209419 Standard Scores scottrogersc https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083213106  | When students achieve a score on a standardized test, it is matched based upon the expected performance level for students in that age range or grade level, and this is considered a standard score.  | Standard scores allow comparison of a student’s on different tests, help determine areas of strength and weakness (Logsdon, 2022) Teachers can use a student’s standard score to assess their level of content mastery. ]]> 2022-03-08 04:33:56 UTC https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083213106 Scaled Scores scottrogersc https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083215735  | Test designers use scale scores when they convert the raw scores to a specific scale made for their particular test.  | Scaled scores are necessary to determine how students compare to one another on a specific test.]]> 2022-03-08 04:35:42 UTC https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083215735 Stanines scottrogersc https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083220071  | Stanines are scores that “range from one to nine and have an average of 4.5” (Logsdon, 2022, para. 12) | According to “stanines can be used to convert any test score into a single digit number” (Ministry of Education, n. d.)]]> 2022-03-08 04:38:37 UTC https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083220071 Percentile scottrogersc https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083225831  | Logsdon (2022), “percentile scores show how a student’s performance compares to others tested during test development” (para. 8) | Percentile scores can be used to observe a student’s ranking according to their expected level of performance. ]]> 2022-03-08 04:42:20 UTC https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083225831 References scottrogersc https://padlet.com/scottrogersc/10adzicb1t4djmm8/wish/2083237766

ETS. (2011). Why do standardized testing programs report scaled scores?  
              https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.365.2863&rep=rep1&type=pdf

 
Frey, B. B. (2018). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement and Evaluation. SAGE Research. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506326139.n31
 
Logsdon, A. (2022). Understanding standard deviation and test scores. https://www.verywellfamily.com/what-is-a-standard-deviation-2162890
 
Ministry of Education. (n. d.). Assessment online. https://assessment.tki.org.nz/
 
Weglin, M. (2014). Norm referenced assessment: test administration. https://prezi.com/
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