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The student trained to reach decisions in the light of logic and of history will be disposed to recognize that...in a country...given over... to the principle and practice of educating women, a distinction based on difference of sex is artificial and illogical."

What Mary means: An educated student in a country that permits an educated women, will realize that, there is no difference in intelligence according to gender.

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The first female president of the American Psychological Association.

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Mary's younger years.

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On March 30, 1863 in Hartford, Connecticut

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Mary was the oldest of five children, and she reports to having a very happy childhood. Her father was a  Presbyterian mininister, and he (along with his wife) encouraged their children to have an education by tutoring them. He insisted Mary would learn, which was uncommon during this time period for a women. When Mary became older, it was his insistence that allowed Mary to attain a higher level education.

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Mary Whiton Calkins began Smith College in 1882 as a sophomore. The death of her sister in 1883 led to a year-long  break from school, although she continued to study through private lessons. Calkins returned to Smith College in 1884 and graduated with a concentration in classics and philosophy. At this time, she became interested in the research of psychology, however this was not yet a subject that could be studied in a classroom.

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Mary attended Harvard classes after graduating from Smith College in order to learn more about psychology. She was able to learn during these classes, but was not registered as a student, despite receiving grades that ould have had her at the top of her class. To this day, Harvard has yet to acknowledge Mary Calkins as a graduate.

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Calkins among her co-workers (fellow American Psychologists) at Cambridge, MA, 1919. (Present besides Dodge, Ogden, Hollingsworth, Baldin, Warren, Woodworth, Seashore, Scott, Langsfeld).

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Mary's research was so impressive, she managed to convince the board for her presidency. This, in turn, opened the doors for more women to enter into college (including the field of psychology).

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She researched various theories and wrote over a hundred books in psychology!

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Paired-Association:

Calkins was among the first to realize that we think in pairs. When we think of the alphabet, typically we think in groups of three letters. For example, after learning the ABC's, we often consider the A-B-C letters as together.

Self-Psychology:

This psychology researches how mental illness can be the result of a developmental delay. For example, if a child is not taken care of properly, Self-Psychology states that they will grow up with a disorder as a result of that neglect.

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After her death  February 26, 1930, Mary is not only known for becoming the first woman president of the American Psychological Association. She is remembered for her accomplishments within psychology, and for her strives towards equality.

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Green, C. (1930). Classics in the History of Psychology. Retrieved from http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Calkins/murchison.htm

Unknown. (2012). Pininterest. Retrieved from http://www.pinterest.com/pin/29343835047426888/

Unknown. (2005-2014). Famous Psychologists. Retrived from http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/upload/q10120943.jpg

Unknown. Retrieved from (2000). Unknown. Retrieved from http://rubtsov.penza.com.ru/peoples/pict/calkins_mary_whiton02.jpg

Mary Whiton Calkins. (1944). Dictionary of American Biography. Retrieved from http://www.gale.cengage.com/InContext/bio.htm

Mary Whiton Calkins, APA's first woman president. (2011, March). American Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/women/resources/newsletter/2011/03/mary-calkins.aspx

Young, Jacy L. (2010). Mary Whiton Calkins. Psychology’s Feminist Voices. Retrieved from http://www.feministvoices.com/mary-whiton-calkins/