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Kizior, R., & Hodgson, K. (2019). Saunders Nursing Drug Handbook.

Losartan (Cozaar): Side Effects, Dosages, Treatment, Interactions, Warnings. (2021, July 9). RxList. https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_losartan_cozaar/drugs-condition.htm

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As an Angelenean who lives by the core values of pagiging mabuti, magaling at may malasakit sa kapwa, I hereby commit that I complete my academic work with integrity. This means that I shall accomplish my academic work without receiving or giving unauthorized assistance. My work also observes scholarly and intellectual standards, rules on proper citation of sources, and appropriate collection and use of data.

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Baseline Assessment

Obtain vital signs such as blood pressure and apical pulse immediately before each dose, in addition to regular monitoring (the nurse should be alert to any signs of fluctuations).

Assess the patient’s medication history (diuretics)

Interventions/Evaluation

Offer fluids regularly to maintain hydration

Assess for evidence of upper respiratory infection and cough

Monitor the patient’s vital signs

Assist the patient in ambulation if dizziness occurs.

Monitor daily pattern of bowel activity and stool consistency.

Patient/Family Teaching

Female patients of childbearing age should take measures to avoid pregnancy.

Since there could be a possible dizziness effect, avoid tasks that require alertness and motor skills

Report any sign of infection and chest pain.

Do not take over the counter medicines, cold preparations, nasal decongestants

Do not stop taking medication and complete the medication regimen

Limit salt intake

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Frequent: possible upper respiratory tract infection.

Occasional: Dizziness, diarrhea, cough.

Rare: Insomnia, dyspepsia, heartburn, back/leg pain, muscle cramps, myalgia, nasal congestion, sinusitis, depression.

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Losartan hypersensitivity Concurrent usage of aliskiren in diabetic patients.

Cautions: Renal/hepatic dysfunction, unstented renal artery stenosis, and substantial aortic/mitral stenosis Use of potassium supplements at the same time. Patients with a history of angioedema

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Treatment for Hypertension. Used alone or in conjunction with other antihypertensive medications. Diabetic nephropathy with increased creatinine and proteinuria (in patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of hypertension), stroke prevention in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy

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Hypertension

PO: ADULTS, ELDERLY: Initially, take the medication 50 mg once daily. Maximum: this medication may be given once or twice daily, with total daily doses ranging from 25–100 mg only.

CHILDREN 6–16 YRS: 0.7 mg/kg once daily. Adjust dose to BP response. Maximum: 100 mg/day.

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This medication blocks angiotensin II vasoconstriction and aldosterone-secreting actions by reducing angiotensin II binding to AT1 receptors.

Therapeutic Effect: It causes vasodilation, decreases peripheral resistance, decreases B/P.

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Pharmacotherapeutic: Angiotensin II receptor antagonist

Clinical: Antihypertensive

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Cozaar, Neosartan, Kenzar

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Losartan

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Baseline assessment

Obtain the patient’s blood pressure immediately before each dose in addition to regular monitoring. If hypotension occurs during monitoring, place the patient in supine position with his/her legs elevated.

Intervention/Evaluation

Assess the patient’s skin for rash and pruritus.

Assist with ambulation if dizziness occurs.

Monitor urinalysis for signs of proteinuria.

Monitor serum potassium levels in pts on concurrent diuretic therapy.

Monitor the patient’s blood pressure, serum BUN, creatinine, CBC.

Discontinue medication, contact physician if angioedema occurs.

Patient/Family Teaching

It may take many weeks for the whole therapeutic effect of blood pressure lowering to take effect.

Skipping dosages or stopping medications deliberately might result in severe rebound hypertension.

Limit alcohol consumption

If you notice swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, trouble breathing, vomiting, diarrhea, heavy sweating, dehydration, persistent cough, sore throat, or fever, call the doctor right away.

Slowly rise from a seated or lying position

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Pharmacotherapeutic: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

Clinical: Antihypertensive, vasodilator

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Apo-Capto, Capoten

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Captopril

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Side effects

Frequent: The patient may have rashes.

Occasional: Pruritus, dysgeusia

Rare: Headache, cough, insomnia, dizziness, fatigue, paresthesia, malaise, nausea, diarrhea or constipation, dry mouth, tachycardia.

Adverse effects

Patients with heart failure and those who are significantly sodium/volume deficient may have hypotension. Angioedema and hyperkalemia are also possible, but infrequently. Agranulocytosis and neutropenia have been observed in patients with collagen vascular disease (scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus), as well as renal impairment. Nephrotic syndrome has been observed in those who have a history of renal illness.

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Hypersensitivity to captopril. History of angioedema from previous treatment with ACE inhibitors, concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus

Cautions: Renal impairment, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with outflow obstruction, before, during, or immediately after major surgery. Unstented unilateral/bilateral

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Treatment of hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and post-MI ventricular failure prevention

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Post Myocardial Infarction

PO: ADULTS, ELDERLY: Initially, 6.25 mg. If tolerated, then 12.5 mg 3 times/day. Increase to 25 mg 3 times/day over several days, up to a target dose of 50 mg 3 times/day over several weeks.

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This medication reduces the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In which it prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This also lowers plasma angiotensin II, raises plasma renin activity, and lowers aldosterone secretion.

Therapeutic Effect: Improves a person’s cardiac output and exercise tolerance by lowering peripheral artery resistance and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.