# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The US system of government is complicated. We've got the answers to your questions about how the most powerful country on Earth picks its president - and how the pandemic is reshaping the process.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Election 2020: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Third Parties: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
"It has been the greatest honor of my life to serve as your President. And while it has been my intention to seek reelection, I believe it is in the best interest of my party and the country for me to stand down and to focus solely on fulfilling my duties as President for the remainder of my term.

For my part: my very first decision as the party nominee in 2020 was to pick Kamala Harris as my Vice President. And it's been the best decision I've made.
Today I want to offer my full support and endorsement for Kamala to be the nominee of our party this year. Democrats - it's time to come together and beat Trump."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Donate to support the Harris-Walz campaign!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Our fight is more important now than ever before. Donate now.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Joe Biden. 3,442,402 likes · 2,752,765 talking about this. Senator, Vice President, 2020 candidate for President of the United States, husband to Jill, proud father and grandfather.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The US has had presidents for more than 230 years, but only the first - George Washington - has ever been elected as an independent candidate.

The twin peaks of US politics, the Republican and Democratic parties, dominate media coverage and campaign donations so completely that the chances of an outsider winning are virtually nil.

What kind of person looks at those near-insurmountable odds and thinks - I'm running anyway?

Quite a range as it turns out: As of 9 October, some 1,216 candidates (of varying levels of seriousness) have filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for president.

The BBC asked three of them - a concert pianist and motivational speaker, a Native American IT technician, and a crypto billionaire - what they stand for, and why they deserve the votes of Americans.

Jade Simmons is a multi-hyphenated woman. A former beauty queen, professional concert pianist, motivational speaker, rapper, mother, and ordained pastor.

As she puts it, she is an unconventional candidate, "but these are unconventional times".

"This seemed to me to be a time when we couldn't afford to do business as usual," she says. "I'm the daughter of a civil rights activist, and the way my father raised me was that if you see voids, if you see injustices, you need to ask yourself if that might be you that needs to be leaning in."

She says her goal is to create equal access to opportunity, through economic, educational and criminal justice reform. And in that spirit, she's aiming to run "the least expensive campaign in the history of our nation".

"We think it's abominable that it costs now almost a billion dollars to run for president when the qualifications are that you are 35 years old, a US-born resident, and have lived here 14 years," says Ms Simmons. "We'd rather spend that money on helping people."

So is she a liberal or a conservative?

"It depends on who you ask!" she says. "Everything from disgruntled Bernie bros to conservative Christian pastors are liking our policy."

Her background as a minister and a person of faith does not automatically denote conservatism, she says.

"I think Jesus is one of the most radical figures we have in history. And I think if you look at how he operated you might end up calling him progressive."

The coronavirus pandemic has upended this year's White House race, curtailing mass gatherings, pushing party conventions online and dominating news headlines. But for Jade, the major challenge of her campaign has been simply letting people know she exists.

"Even in a time where black lives supposedly matter, and black voices matter, and we saw statements of solidarity coming from the media and corporations, those same media outlets - including black media outlets - have refused to tell the story that I'm here.

"You have maybe a celebrity like a Kanye West who didn't even file his papers, and on the Fourth of July when he announced, within 30 minutes he was covered by every major network. So we were a little bit shocked that the narrative of democracy is not carried out as much as American voters think when you look behind the scenes."

While the Republican and Democratic nominees will be on the ballot in all states, independents must meet an array of state deadlines and access requirements.

Ms Simmons' name will appear on the ballot in Oklahoma and Louisiana, but in 31 other states she's registered as a write-in candidate - meaning that if voters physically write her name down, their vote will count. She acknowledges the odds are absolutely against her, but still believes she can make it to the Oval Office - and if not this year, then at some point.

"I know it sounds wild, given the history of independents! We believe that if we stay standing long enough, there's still some more disruption coming in - that most Americans are going to see that the current two options are not the choice.

"[...] We've been saying from day one, that we must restore the fabric of the nation. That's a spiritual fabric, that's a cultural fabric, a social and a racial fabric, and we feel that's been ripped to shreds - primarily and intentionally by both political parties.

"So if I were to close my eyes and envision a nation... This can't be just a flip-flop of power and revenge - 'We get to get back at you.' I see a palate-cleansing season where we can take a deep breath and say, 'Where do we go from here?'"

Brock Pierce is a former child actor who appeared in the Mighty Ducks franchise and starred as the president's son in the 1996 comedy First Kid. But thanks to his second career as a tech entrepreneur, he's also probably a crypto currency billionaire.

Why is he running for president? Partly because he is deeply concerned by the state of the country.

"I think that we lack a real vision for the future - I mean, what kind of world do we want to live in, in the year 2030? What is the plan? Where are we trying to get to, you know? You have to aim for something. And I see mostly just a lot of mud being thrown around, not a lot of people putting forth game-changing ideas. It's getting scary. And I have a view of what to do."

For the last four years, Mr Pierce has focused on philanthropic work in Puerto Rico, where his foundation recently raised a million dollars for PPE to give to first responders.

Asked what America's priorities should be for the next four years, he suggests the country stops pursuing "growth for growth's sake", and measures its success by how well life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are upheld.

It's hard to pin Mr Pierce down politically. The man described by Rolling Stone as "the hippie king of crypto currency" favours legalising cannabis, held a unicorn-themed wedding ceremony at Burning Man, and was so unimpressed at being placed on a Forbes rich-list that he vowed to give away his first billion dollars. He also believes strongly in personal freedom, and has donated thousands to Republican candidates.

"I have many liberal tendencies, just like I have conservative tendencies," Mr Pierce says. "And I think it's time we take a collective breath and a brave step into the future, because all of these ideologies have something to teach us."

The 39-year-old's life has not been free of controversy. When he was 19, three male actors accused him and two business partners of sexual assault. Mr Pierce denied any wrongdoing, and was never charged with a crime. The three plaintiffs withdrew their cases against him and never received any personal compensation. But inevitably, the headlines linked to that episode have made a presidential run a tougher prospect.

"Having your name in a story like that is... it causes immense harm," he says. "But the positive thing out of it is, it taught me not to judge people."

Federal Election Commission data shows Brock Pierce has pumped $3.7m into his campaign. He says his strategy is to end up in the White House not by winning the election outright, but by taking a single state in a close race, then forcing the House of Representatives to pick a winner.

"Every time that this has happened before, 100% of the time, they've always chosen the third-place or last-place candidate to be president as a compromise. Now it's only happened once - 1824. And so our goal is to win a single state. And if we knock it out of the park, to win three.

"I turn 40 in November, which means I also have time on my side. And so we are also laying the groundwork for the future - not just for me as a candidate, but for all independent candidates going forward."

And if he doesn't pull it off? Mr Pierce says he has offers.

"I'm constantly invited to run for Governor of New York, Governor of Minnesota. I mean basically everywhere I go they're like, Brock, you could actually fix this. Like if you don't become president next year, would you try and run our state, would you run our city?

"I wouldn't even spend a moment thinking about this until November 4th, and that's what I tell everyone. Call me November 4th. But I made a decision, you know, to live my life in service, and so however I can be of greatest service I'm prepared to do that work well."

One factor that unites independent candidates is that they haven't had to please a party majority to get a platform - so they run as themselves, on the issues that really speak to them personally.

Mark Charles is a prime example.

Professionally he's worked as a computer programmer and in tech support, but he's also an ardent social justice campaigner on issues affecting Native Americans and people of colour.

His goal is to be an alternative candidate for voters who don't feel a kinship with the Trump or Biden tickets.

Mr Charles is of Navajo heritage, an identity which has deeply shaped his candidacy and his view of what America should be.

The land upon which Washington DC was built belonged to the Piscataway people.

"These were their lands, long before Columbus got lost at sea - and they are still here. And I am humbled to be living on these lands, on their lands, and I want to honour them as the host people."

In the early 2000s, Mr Charles chose to move his family to a remote home on a Navajo reservation, "because I wanted to experience the more traditional life". They would stay for 11 years.

"I saw several presidential elections from that vantage point," he says.

"We were six miles off the nearest paved road, lived in the one-room Hogan - the traditional Navajo dwelling. There was no running water, no electricity in our community, our neighbours were rug weavers and shepherds."

The family prepared to cook on a camping stove, haul water, and live by candle-light. What they hadn't anticipated was how marginalised they would feel.

"The only groups of non-Natives we ever saw on the reservation were those who came to take our picture or those who came to give us charity. Almost no one came to build relationships with us," says Mr Charles. "On top of that, I was understanding and seeing some of the historical trauma that came from the very unjust history against our people.

"I [could] feel myself becoming both more insecure and more angry."

He made a resolution to reach outwards and foster understanding instead of growing bitter. Now he says he's fighting for a truly inclusive, modern America which rejects inequality.

"Our Constitution, which starts with the words 'We the people' [...] never mentions women, it specifically excludes Natives, and it counts Africans as three-fifths of a person," says Mr Charles.

"And so this is what my campaign is all about: if we want to be a nation where 'we the people' truly means all the people, we have to do some foundational-level work. We can't just say it and wish it was so: we actually have to go in and change some things that this nation was founded on, such as the racism, the sexism and the explicit white supremacy."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
US election 2020: The other 1,214 candidates running for president

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The US has had presidents for more than 230 years, but only the first - George Washington - has ever been elected as an independent candidate. The twin peaks of US politics, the Republican and Democratic parties, dominate media coverage and campaign donations so completely that the chances of an outsider winning are virtually nil.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Donald J. Trump, New York, NY. 23,220,300 likes · 1,359,127 talking about this. This is the official Facebook page for Donald J. Trump

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The MAGA Movement

The American Way of Life is under attack while career politicians destroy our economy and sabotage our nation's incredible potential. We will take our country back from the corrupt Washington establishment and return power to the American people, where it belongs. We will achieve a future of prosperity, security, and peace - creating once again the greatest economy in the history of the world, defending our borders, restoring energy independence, and leading with strength and pride on the world stage. It is time to put America First once more and usher in a glorious new era of faith, family, and freedom. Together, we will save lives, save jobs, and save America. Join me in our unstoppable mission to Make America Great Again.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Certified Website of Donald J. Trump For President 2024. America's comeback starts right now. Join our movement to Make America Great Again!

# data[].attributes.body
3:12min

# data[].attributes.body
3:20min

# data[].attributes.body
13:11min

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
U.S. Territories: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A set of Supreme Court decisions made over 100 years ago has left U.S. territories without meaningful representation. That's weird, right? Connect with Last Week Tonight online...

# data[].attributes.body
4:24min

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Electoral College is a process, not a place. The Founding Fathers established it in the Constitution, in part, as a compromise between the election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote of qualified citizens.

What is the process?

The Electoral College process consists of the selection of the electors, the meeting of the electors where they vote for President and Vice President, and the counting of the electoral votes by Congress.

How many electors are there? How are they distributed among the States?

The Electoral College consists of 538 electors. A majority of 270 electoral votes is required to elect the President. Your State has the same number of electors as it does Members in its Congressional delegation: one for each Member in the House of Representatives plus two Senators. Read more about the allocation of electoral votes.

The District of Columbia is allocated 3 electors and treated like a State for purposes of the Electoral College under the 23rd Amendment of the Constitution. For this reason, in the following discussion, the word "State" also refers to the District of Columbia and "Governor" to the Mayor of the District of Columbia.

How are my electors chosen? What are their qualifications? How do they decide who to vote for?

Each candidate running for President in your State has his or her own group of electors (known as a slate). The slates are generally chosen by the candidate's political party in your State, but State laws vary on how the electors are selected and what their responsibilities are. Read more about the qualifications of the electors and restrictions on who the electors may vote for.

What happens in the general election? Why should I vote?

The general election is held every four years on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November. When you vote for a Presidential candidate you are actually voting for your candidate's preferred electors. Learn more about voting for the electors.

Most States have a "winner-take-all" system that awards all electors to the Presidential candidate who wins the State's popular vote. However, Maine and Nebraska each have a variation of "proportional representation." Read more about the allocation of electors among the States.

What happens after the general election?

After the general election, your Governor prepares a Certificate of Ascertainment listing the names of all the individuals on the slates for each candidate. The Certificate of Ascertainment also lists the number of votes each individual received and shows which individuals were appointed as your State's electors. Your State's Certificate of Ascertainment is sent to NARA as part of the official records of the Presidential election.

The meeting of the electors takes place on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December after the general election. The electors meet in their respective States, where they cast their votes for President and Vice President on separate ballots. Your State's electors' votes are recorded on a Certificate of Vote, which is prepared at the meeting by the electors. Your State's Certificate of Vote is sent to Congress, where the votes are counted, and NARA, as part of the official records of the Presidential election.

Each State's electoral votes are counted in a joint session of Congress on the 6th of January in the year following the meeting of the electors. Members of the House and Senate meet in the House Chamber to conduct the official count of electoral votes. The Vice President, as President of the Senate, presides over the count and announces the results of the vote. The President of the Senate then declares which persons, if any, have been elected President and Vice President of the United States.

The President-elect takes the oath of office and is sworn in as President of the United States on January 20th in the year following the general election.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Electoral College website now has an easy-to-remember address. Make sure to update your bookmarks! The Electoral College is a process, not a place. The Founding Fathers established it in the Constitution, in part, as a compromise between the election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote of qualified citizens.

# data[].attributes.body
3:40min

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Electing a US President in Plain English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A short guide to understanding the basics of the US elections.