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Acid rains is caused when a specific gas are mixed together to form a substance to a solution that is more acidic. It can be natural or man-made.

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Acid rain is created when certain gases are mixed with atmospheric moisture to create precipitation ( rain/sleet/etc. ) that is 10 times more acidic than normal rain with a pH of 4.2 to 4.4. It is caused by either natural or man-made origins. Natural causes include volcanic activity and decaying vegetation, however, man-made causes are known to contribute more to the formation and risk of acid rain. Through human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels ( industrial activity ) and/or the release of vehicle exhaust fumes, we are releasing a variety of harmful gases which include sulfur dioxide (S02) and nitrogen oxide (N0x) that can cause harm to humans, plants and animals alike.

As acid rain comes in two forms, dry ( gases/particles ) and wet ( rain/sleet/snow/fog ) it increases the amount of effects it can have on people, plants and animals. In its dry form, small solid particles in smoke stick in our lungs and causes lung diseases while sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide in the form of gases can react with other pollutants to form ozone and makes the air hazy and difficult to see in. in its wet form however, it can dissolve in water bodies or soil which may affect growth of water organisms and plants as it changes the pH level/value of the area which may not be suitable/ideal for organisms. As well as the fact that when it dissolves in water, it causes water bodies to absorb the aluminium that makes its way from soil into lakes and streams. This combination makes waters toxic to crayfish, clams, fish, and other aquatic animals.  Furthermore, it damages and/or corrodes buildings and bridges.

Textbook pg 203 qn 4:

4)a)i) Oxygen
ii) sulfur + oxygen =>               sulfur dioxide
b) as combustion is the reaction of substances with oxygen with the evolution of heat and light, sulfur dioxide is an example of combustion reaction as it reacts with oxygen when heated.
c) oxidat
d)i) acid rain
ii) acid rain affects the growth of plants and water organisms.

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The causes of acid rain can be both natural and man-made. Both volcanoes and decaying vegetation release gases that result in the formation of acid rain. However, the majority of gases come from man-made sources, such as fossil fuel combustion.
When acid rain falls, it can dramatically alter the acidity level of the habitat and cause a great deal of damage to the living and non-living things within.

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acid rain comes in wet and dry form and is created when certain gases are mixed with atmospheric moisture to create percipitation that is more acidic.

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question 4
a)i)oxygen
ii)sulfur+oxygen->sulfur dioxide
b)

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Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are two of the gases involved in the creation of acid rain. When these gases are released into the environment and mixed with water, oxygen, and other chemicals, they create acidic compounds, such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid, which results in the formation of acid rain.

Effect on Aquatic Environment

Effect on Forests

Effect on Soil

Vegetation Cover and Plantations

Effect on Architecture and Buildings

Effect on Public Health

Other Effects: Acid rain leads to weathering of buildings, corrosion of metals, and peeling of paints on surfaces. Buildings and structures made of marble and limestone are the ones especially damaged by acid rain due to the reactivity of the acids in the rain and the calcium compounds in the structures. The effects are commonly seen on statues, old grave stones, historic monuments, and damaged buildings. Acid rain also corrodes metals like steel, bronze, copper, and iron.

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The cause of acid rain is by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidicpollutants, known as acid rain.

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Causes : Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide are released in the air. They will rise up and mix with water, oxygen to form acid rain.

Effects : Dead or dying trees are a common sight in areas effected by acid rain. Acid rain leaches aluminum from the soil.  That aluminum may be harmful to plants as well as animals. Acid rain also removes minerals and nutrients from the soil that trees need to grow.

Question 4:
(a)(i) Oxygen
(a)(ii) Sulfer + Oxygen --> Sulfur dioxide
(b)

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Acid rain are created when certain gases(sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) are mixed with atmospheric moisture to create precipitation that is more acidic. Acidic compounds such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid.

The causes of acid rain can be both natural and man-made. Natural causes include the gas released from volcanoes. Majority of the causes of acid rain are man-made such as fossil fuel combustion and the gas released from vehicles.

As acidic rain water flows through the soil, it can leach aluminium from soil clay particles and then flow into streams and lakes. That aluminium removes minerals and nutrients from the soil that plants need to grow.
At pH 5, most fish eggs cannot hatch. At lower pH levels, some adult fish die. This is why acidic lakes have no fish. Even if a species of fish or animal can tolerate moderately acidic water, the animals or plants it eats might not. This may then result in the extinction of animals.
Sulfate and nitrate particles can be inhaled into human lungs, which will cause danger to the human heath.

Question 4:
ai) oxygen and hydrogen.
aii) sulfure + oxygen = Sulfur dioxide.
b) Charcoal burning as carbon dioxide, heat and light are given out.
c) Oxidation as oxygen is added to the carbon in order to burn the charcoal.
di) Acid rain.
dii) Acid rain will seep into the soil and hence, resulting the the plants not being able to grow as the soil is acidic.

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Causes of Acid Rain

The causes of acid rain can be both natural and man-made. Both volcanoes and decaying vegetation release gases that result in the formation of acid rain. However, the majority of gases come from man-made sources, such as fossil fuel combustion.
Effects of Acid Rain

Overall, the environment and its inhabitants are adapted to survive within a certain acidity level. When acid rain falls, it can dramatically alter the acidity level of the habitat and cause a great deal of damage to the living and non-living things within.

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It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure. acid water cases by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids

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Acid rain refers to a mixture of deposited material, both wet and dry, coming from the atmosphere containing more than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. Simply put, it means rain that is acidic in nature due to the presence of certain pollutants in the air due to cars and industrial processes. It is easily defined as rain, fog, sleet or snow that has been made acidic by pollutants in the air as a result of fossil fuel and industrial combustions that mostly emits Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2). Acidity is determined on the basis of the pH level of the water droplets. Normal rain water is slightly acidic with a pH range of 5.3-6.0, because carbon dioxide and water present in the air react together to form carbonic acid, which is a weak acid. When the pH level ofrain water falls below this range, it becomes acid rain.

When these gases react with water molecules and oxygen among other chemicals found in the atmosphere, mild acidic chemical compounds such as sulfuric and nitric acid are formed resulting to acid rain. Acid rain generally leads to weathering of buildings, corrosion of metals, and peeling of paints on surfaces. Erupting volcanoes contains some chemicals that can cause acid rain. Apart from this, burning of fossil fuels, running of  factories and automobiles due to human activities are few other reasons behind this activity. Question 4(in textbook pg 203) :
a)i) When sulfer burns, it reacts with oxygen (combustion)
a)ii) sulfur + oxygen --> (heat is applied) sulfur dioxide
b) When sulfur was heated up, it reacted with the heat and the oxygen in the air to form sulfur dioxide.
c) Oxidation. It reacted with oxygen, adding oxygen to sulfur (the substance) which suits the definition of Oxidaion.
d)i) acid rain.
d)ii) When it rains, the acid rain will rain on water (eg. ponds, rivers,) and will kill the organisms living in the water source. This may lead to the extinction of that species for both plant and animals.

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Causes of acid rain- Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides(oxides of nitrogen) are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.
Effects of acid rain- Acid rain has many ecological effects, but none is greater than its impact on lakes, streams, wetlands, and other aquatic environments. Acid rain makes waters acidic and causes them to absorb the aluminum that makes its way from soil into lakes and streams. The organisms living in those water areas, will then start to die as some fishes/ organisms cannot take acidic environments and need an alkaline environment or fresh water/ pure water

Question 4(in textbook pg 203) :
a)i) When sulfer burns, it reacts with oxygen (combustion)
a)ii) sulfur + oxygen --> (heat is applied) sulfur dioxide
b) When sulfur was heated up, it reacted with the heat and the oxygen in the air to form sulfur dioxide.
c) Oxidation. It reacted with oxygen, adding oxygen to sulfur (the substance) which suits the definition of Oxidaion.
d)i) acid rain.
d)ii) When it rains, the acid rain will rain on water (eg. ponds, rivers,) and will kill the organisms living in the water source. This may lead to the extinction of that species and effect the food chain. Not only animals will be harmed, but also trees in the forest. The acidic rain will seep into the soil, which will make the soil acidic. Some plants (eg. cabbage, cauliflower, celery) prefer a more alkaline environment to live in. Thus, an alkaline will be needed to be added to the soil to meet the factors for them to grow well

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Acid rain can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.
Acid rain has many ecological effects, but none is greater than its impact on lakes, stream, wetlands, and other aquatic environments. Acid rain makes water acidic and causes them to absorb the aluminum that makes its way from soil into lakes and stream.

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Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain. Acid rain generally leads to weathering of buildings, corrosion of metals, and peeling of paints on surfaces. Erupting volcanoes contains some chemicals that can cause acid rain. Apart from this, burning of fossil fuels, running of factories and automobiles due to human activities are few other reasons behind this activity.

There are two forms in which acid deposition occurs – wet and dry.

Wet deposition: When the wind blows the acidic chemicals in the air to the areas where the weather is wet, the acids fall to the ground in the form of rain, sleet, fog, snow or mist. It removes acid from the atmosphere and deposit them on the earth’s surface. When this acid flows through the ground, it affects large number of plants, animals and aquatic life. The water from drain flows into rivers and canals which is them mixed up with sea water, thereby affecting marine habitats.

Dry deposition:  If the wind blows the acidic chemicals in the air to the areas where the weather is dry, the acidic pollutants slip into dust or smoke and fall to the ground as dry particles. These stick to the ground and other surfaces such as cars, houses, trees and buildings. Almost 50% of the acidic pollutants in the atmosphere fall back through dry deposition. These acidic pollutants can be washed away from earth surface by rainstorms.

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The acid rain are created when certain gases are mixed with atmospheric moisture to created precipitation that is more acidic.(sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide) There are both natural and man-made causes , man made such as fossil fuels combustions

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Acid rain is created when certain gases are mixed with moisture in the atmosphere to create precipitation that is more acidic than usual. These gases include sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides that are released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burnt to produce power. Acid rain can come in both dry and wet forms, wet forms include rain, snow, sleet or fog, dry forms include particles that fall or gases. Acid rain can cause damage to soil, plants, animals and buildings.
4.(a)(i)It reacts with oxygen.
(ii)Sulfur+Oxygen=Sulfur dioxide
(b)When sulfur is burnt, it reacts with the oxygen in the air and produces sulfur dioxide. Since burning is a form of combustion, this is an example of a combustion reaction.
(c)Oxidation, combustion is an example of oxidation as sulfur gains oxygen during burning.
(d)(i)Acid rain
(ii)Can kill wildlife and cause buildings to degrade over time.

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It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.  Acid rain makes waters acidic and causes them to absorb the aluminum that makes its way from soil into lakes and streams.

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The causes of acid rain can be both natural and man made. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen create a chemical reaction that is release into the air, causing acid rain.
Acid rain makes water of the lakes, wetlands,

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The causes of the acid rain is man-made and also natural,but most of it comes from factory which let out sulfur oxide because of the burning of fossil fuels while cars generally let out nitrogen oxide.When this two gases mix with the water in the atmosphere which creates acid rain.
The effects are that it will corrode buildings after prolonged period of acid rain,while in nature the aqautic animals are affected most as each aquatic animals have different acidic levels in order to live.The pollutants in the air may mix with the acid rain and pollute the lands and affect crops and the water supply which may poison us humans and animals.
Volcanos may emit the gases needed for creating acid rain.
Q4ai)It reacts with pure oxygen and hydrogen
Q4ii)Oxygen + Sulfur=Sulfur dioxide
Q4b)As when it is burn together the two gases will combust and have a combust reaction whic forms sulfur dioxide.
Q4c)Oxidation.As oxygen is present in this chemical reaction.
Q4di)acid rain
Q4dii)It will corrode objects and will pollute the water.

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-Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.
-Acid rain has many ecological effects, but none is greater than its impact on lakes, streams, wetlands, and other aquatic environments. Acid rain makes waters acidic and causes them to absorb the aluminum that makes its way from soil into lakes and streams.
-Textbook pg 203, qn 4:
a)i)Oxygen
ii)Sulfur+Oxygen->Sulfur Dioxide
b)The sulfur is reacting with oxygen when heated to form a new substance.
c)Combination Reaction
d)i)Acid Rain
ii) Acid rain that seeps into the ground can dissolve nutrients, such as magnesium and calcium, that trees need to be healthy.

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Causes:  Comes from both man-made and Natural causes but mostly man-made.

Natural- Volcanoes & decaying vegetation
Man-made - Fossil fuel combustion

We use pH scale to measure acid rain or how acidic a substance is.  We can also use litmus paper to measure the pH level or we can use high tech devices

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Causes of acid rain , the acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction when compounds such as sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxide are being released into the air.There are both natural and man-made causes .Natural causes are such as volcanic eruption as it emits gases such as carbon dioxide , sulfur dioxide , hydrogen sulfide , carbon monoxide last but not least hydrochloric acid.Man made causes are Burning of fossil fuels which leads to emission of  sulfur dioxide and nitrogen gases  which are used for producing electricity and energy.

Effects of acids rain-
acid rain has many ecological effects .Acid rain mostly affects aquatic environment.Acid rains causes lake ,ocean and river waters to be acidic.this causes them to absorb the aluminium that makes it away from soils into lakes and streams.This would affect the aquatic organism and their habitats that they are living in as the combination of these chemicals makes it toxicated for the organisms .Due to this aquatic organisms tend to suffer and and die as they are taking in dissolved oxygen to respire .Acid rain in water forms are acid rain , sleet and snow and the dry forms are water vapour and gases. Acid ran also affects humans such as the pollutants in the acid rain can damage human health.Acidic water helps in disolving nutrients and helpful minerals into the soil and then washes them away before the other plants and trees in the environment can use them to grow.

Question (A)
i] Oxygen
ii] Sulfur+Oxygen-->[combustion]Sulfur dioxide
(b)During combustion, The substances should react with oxygen.Sulfur has reacted with oxygen when it is being heated [burned] and also produces a new substance which is sulfur dioxide
c]Oxidation when a substance is being burned oxygen from the air  is being added .Sulfur interacts with air when it is under a heating process so that it can form a new substance called sulfur dioxide
d ii) when sulfur dioxide comes in contact with rain water and this forms acidic precipitation.
(ii)Acidic comes in two forms such as both dry and wet .The dry forms are such as fog and cloud .The acids from both the cloud and the fog strip the nutrients from the trees thus leaving them brown.When they are brown ,they are unable to photosynthesize as they are unable to absorb sunlight as the have no more chlorophyll and they would not be able to make food

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Causes for acid rain - It is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are released in the atmosphere. Natural causes include volcanic activity and decaying vegetation. Most of the gases produced are contributed by man-made activities; fossil fuel combustion -for electricity and energy. It is created when newly created acidic compounds such as sulphuric acid and nitric acid with atmospheric moisture to create an acidic precipitation.

Effects of acid rain -Aquatic organisms are adapted to live according to certain environment pH levels. If the acid rain comes into contact with their aquatic habitats, it makes the neutral waters acidic which causes them to absorb the aluminium that makes it way from soil into lakes and streams. This will thus affect the organisms thriving in their habitat as this combination of chemicals makes it toxic for the organisms. What happens if you live in a toxic environment? You die. In the case of the aquatic organisms, they will eventually die from taking in the contaminated waters to take in dissolved oxygen to respire. When these organisms die, the ecosystem collapses. Animals who thrive from preying on aquatic organisms suffer by starvation and eventually death due to the decrease in population of their source of food. Slowly, as the predators' source of food dies due to starvation  in a domino effect, the food chain is affected, an ecological effect.

Question 4.
(a) (i)Oxygen.
(ii) Sulfur + Oxygen -> (combustion) Sulfur Dioxide
(b) In a combustion, the substance should react with oxygen when heated to form one or more new substances. In this case, sulfur has reacted with oxygen when it was burning (heated) and produced a new substance, known as sulfur dioxide.
(c) Oxidation. When a substance burns, oxygen from the air is added. Similarly, sulfur interacts with air during the heating process to form a new compound known as sulfur dioxide.
(d)(i) When sulfur dioxide comes into contact with rainwater, it forms acidic precipitation.
(ii) Acidic rain comes in two forms, dry and wet. In the case when it comes in the dry form (fog), the acidic fog and clouds strip the nutrients from the trees' foliage, thus leaving them with brown or dead leaves. When the leaves are brown, they are unable to photosynthesize. Thus,  with the inability to absorb sunlight to make food, it makes the overall tree or plant weak and unable to withstand the freezing cold, which will eventually lead to them withering.

Note: I did refer to online resources to write this padlet submission. However, I did not copy & paste any material recklessly without reading and paraphrasing the information. I'm not cheap and not a plagiariser. No copyrights okay, this is all.... under the name of science. BYEEE.