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You may see bitmaps referred to as 'rasters'.
Your typical bitmap editor application would allow you to create and edit bitmap files, their attributes, and their metadata. You'd also be able to export your resulting vector graphic into a format of your choice, like a PNG or a JPG.
One of the most prominent is Adobe Photoshop, an application allowing for creation and editing of images, including photographs. This is a paid one. Other paid ones include Corel Painter, AutoDesk Sketchbook Pro, and MS Paint (considering you must buy Windows to get it).
There are many other free editors, some FOSS. These include GIMP, a very popular Photoshop alternative. You also have Paint.NET and ImageMagick.

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Bitmaps map out every single bit of an image. this means that the colour and location of every single pixel is saved in the file. because of this usually the file sizes are much larger than Vectors but allow for a much more realistic and high quality image. if the image is enlarged or reduced then the pixels will be stretched across the image reducing the quality and making the whole image blocky. this makes them more useful for photographs and less useful for images such as logos.

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Unlike vectors, bitmaps do not have separate outline and fill. Everything in a bitmap is just individual pixels (ignoring compression) so the outline of an image, if any, would be made of its own pixels and the same applies to the fill.

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bitmaps are made up of pixels, this means that info is saved about every single pixel. this means that file size is usually bigger then a vector. each pixel contains bits which gets the name from being a map of bits. Bitmaps can also be used with affects like shadows

They are used by graphic designers as they have the best overall quality and every pixel can be edited. The more bits, the better the quality is.

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Individual elements cannot be grouped.

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Your typical vector graphics application would allow you to create and edit vector files, their attributes, and their metadata. You'd also be able to export your resulting vector graphic into a bitmap, such as a PNG.
Vectors can be made with many different applications. A popular, leading one is Adobe Illustrator, graphic design software specifically tailored for vector graphics. It is a paid application.
Another popular (free) alternative is InkScape, which is among the ranks of Illustrator.
There are many more alternatives too, such as Adobe Fireworks (focused on graphics for the web), CorelDRAW, OpenOffice Draw, and LibreOffice Draw. OpenOffice and LibreOffice are free productivity suites that compete with the paid Microsoft Office Suite. Some other software, such as Adobe Flash, will incorporate basic vector editing functionality for the ease-of-use of creators.

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A vector uses mathematical formulas. this is made up of lots of points, lines and curves that make up an overall image. drawings are saved as vectors in different apps.

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vectors have Smaller file sizes than bitmaps, as the computer stores details of objects, which do not require much memory. by using single large shapes the computer does not have to save every pixel, only a shape and its location. they can be enlarged without loss of quality due to the fact that they use shapes which can be scaled.

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Vectors have separate outlines and 'fills'. A 'fill' is essentially a background colour for a shape - i.e the colour within the outline of the shape.
A shape can also have a coloured (or no) outline. For example, you could have a circle with a orange outline and a pink fill, or a square with a black outline and no fill.
A shape with no fill is transparent, so you can see any shapes behind them within the outline. To avoid this, you'd need to give it a fill.

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Vector grouping is an indication of the nature of the primary & secondary connections between the three phases of a transformer.

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Lossless Compression works by grouping bits of similar data together and removing redundant information. For example if a picture has the sky in it the computer will group the blue colour together and then find a more suitable colour to replace all of them.  After the data has been compressed the computer saves this compressed version and therefore you can not reverse the compression without the original picture. Images and audio use both lossless and lossy compression but most videos use lossy because their file sizes and much larger than audio and images.  Some types of lossless compression are .TIF .PNG .GIF.

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JPEG and GIF are lossy image formats.
MP3, MP4, and OGG are lossy audio formats.

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This compression is not reversible and is used to reduce the size of data. Data that is not needed is deleted to save space. This is mostly used for photos, an example of this is jpeg. This can sometimes affect the quality of the image. An example of this would be is a sky is blue it would only pick one shade of blue and not the different shades of the sky.

lossy compression is not reversible so can not be changed back to its old format. Some of the data is lost to save space. The user has to choose between file space and image quality.

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Lossless compression is a method of compression in which the original file's quality does not decrease, but the resulting (compressed) file will, as expected, be smaller in size.

A popular example includes the FLAC format, an audio format favoured by audiophiles because it is lossless and a very high-quality listen. MP3 sound quality pales in comparison, but is much smaller in size...

...Files compressed with a lossless method will almost always be larger than their lossy alternative. This is simply down to the fact that no data is being stripped (be it pixels or audio), whereas with lossy compression you do indeed lose data.

Lossless formats are everywhere. Another popular example would be ZIPs (and other archival formats). You wouldn't want to lose the content you archive, but you'd still like to make it smaller in size, so lossless compression is the best choice. There are lossless image formats too, such as PNGs and TIFs (bear in mind that you can choose to have a lossy compressed result with these formats).

Lossless compression works by searching for patterns and the redundant repetition of data. It then stores what the pattern/repetition is, so that it can be replicated later. For example, if a picture had a whole block of pink, the block of pink (and other details like its position and shape) would be stored, rather than having individual pink pixels that are arranged in a block shape. This way, when an image viewer reads the file, it knows to draw a whole block of pink to the specification in the file; with an uncompressed file it'd read every single pixel making up the block and draw them individually. In the end, you still have a result the same as your original file, unlike lossy where data (usually deemed unneccessary) is removed and unrecoverable (provided you don't have the original file).