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Answer 1:
Sometimes it is more important that the data be sent quickly and without pauses than that the stream be reliable. DNS uses UDP because the transaction between a DNS server and client consists of only one packet each way. If the packet is lost, it will be re transmitted at the request of the client.

Similarly, streaming video often uses UDP as a transport protocol because the occasional loss of a packet is acceptable. It is preferable that the image quality suffer as a result of lost packets, rather than the video stream suffer jitter or pauses (lag) as a result of TCP synchronization.

Games also often use UDP, sacrificing engine accuracy for improved speed/user experience.

Answer 8:
The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a network protocol for delivering audio and video over IP networks. RTP is used extensively in communication and entertainment systems that involve streaming media, such as telephony, video teleconference applications, television services and web-based push-to-talk features. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is uesd because flow of conversion or streaming is prefer to reliable delay of audio or video since you prefer quick response
(RTP is used in conjunction with the RTP Control Protocol (RTCP). While RTP carries the media)

Periodic transmission of sensor data (e.g. temperature) – TCP is prefer since is a data reliability is needed in the data collected. Wrong data will not be accepted

Money transfer : TCP is preferred because reliability of the transaction is prefer to delay of transaction.

Web browsing : Uses HTTP protocol which requires degree of reliability and hence TCP preferred.

File transfer : uses UDP because the file can be downloaded again to take care of the reliability without any consequence and speed is preferred to TCP delay reliability.

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Answer# 2

Both UDP and IP are unreliable. UDP is considered more reliable than IP because UDP calculates the checksum for entire datagram however IP calculates the checksum for the IP header only.
UDP works at transport layer while IP works at network layer.

Answer #3

min UDP = 8 bytes (for header)
max UDP = 65535 bytes (8 bytes for header + 65527 bytes for data)

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Answer for 1 and 7 (Akram, Dileep, Vincent)

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Answer for 1 and 7 (Akram, Dileep, Vincent)

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Answer 1:

UDP would make a
good transport protocol because UDP is that does not need to retransmit lost packets nor does it do any connection setup, sending data incurs less delay. This lower delay makes UDP an appealing choice for delay-sensitive applications like online gaming and video streaming.

Answer 7:

Flow Control:  coordinates the amount of data that can be sent before receiving acknowledgement.

It is one of the most important duties of the data link layer.

Flow control tells the sender how much data to send.

It makes the sender wait for some sort of an acknowledgment (ACK) before continuing to send more data.

Flow Control Techniques: Stop-and-wait, and Sliding Window.

Error Control: in the data link layer is based on ARQ (automatic repeat request), which is the retransmission of data.

The term error control refers to methods of error detection and retransmission.

Anytime an error is detected in an exchange, specified frames are retransmitted. This process is called ARQ.

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Sometimes it is more important that the data be sent quickly and without pauses than that the stream be reliable. DNS uses UDP because the transaction between a DNS server and client consists of only one packet each way. If the packet is lost, it will be re transmitted at the request of the client.

Similarly, streaming video often uses UDP as a transport protocol because the occasional loss of a packet is acceptable. It is preferable that the image quality suffer as a result of lost packets, rather than the video stream suffer jitter or pauses (lag) as a result of TCP synchronization.

Games also often use UDP, sacrificing engine accuracy for improved speed/user experience.

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Answer Question 7
Operation of Error Control

Stop-and-wait: Send a frame, wait for an ACK

Go-back-N

Selective ARQ

Operation of Flow Control

On-Off: used by the receiver to let the sender to stop sending or start

Window based: The receiver sends the size of the window that it can accept

Rate based

Answer Question 4

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Transport Layer