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1873- economy fell

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Goal: "to defend the social and political superiority" of whites against what they called the "aggressions of an inferior race."

tortured, harassed, kidnapped or killed

who? carpetbaggers, scalawags, successful blacks.

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Rebuild infrastructure- (Roads, bridges, canals, RR, telegraph) and a public schools added $130 mil. to S. debt

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Atlanta, Georgia becomes and industrial city

3,300 mi new RR track (40% increase)  Cotton mills and fabric factories

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Sharecropping- farmer's farms part of owner's land and gets 1/2 of crop at harvest

some evicted w/o pay

sharecroppers charged w/ housing and other expenses

Tenant Farming-

farmer rents land to farm from a owner

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Carpetbaggers- N. Republicans who moved into the South
Scalawags- White Southern Republicans

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1869, granted African American males to vote.

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States required to give the vote to all qualified males (including blacks)

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The Civil Rights Act Congress passed Civil Rights Act

outlawed Black Codes

Pres. Johnson vetoed, but Congress overrode it.

14th Amendment 1866

granted citizenship to and protect civil rights of liberties of freedmen

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1. Curfews- can't gather after sunset
2. Vagrancy Laws (not working)- fined, whipped, or sold for a year's labor if caught
3. Limits or Women's rights- Mothers couldn't stay home to watch kids-had to work
4. Land Restrictions- Couldn't live in cities- forced to live on plantations

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1. Freedmen- name for free blacks
2. Freedmen's Bureau- gave out clothing, medical supplies, meals, etc.

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President Abraham Lincoln (the Lincoln Plan)- states hold constitutional conventions when 10% of voters swear allegiance to the Union (
Vice President Johnson (Presidential Reconstruction)- states hold a constitutional convention (w/o 10%)

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1. Reconstruction 1865-1877
attempt to repair damage to the south and bring southern states to the Union.

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North- 364, 000 dead
South-260,000 1/5 of its white men dead
9,000 miles of railroad destroyed
Destroyed- farmland, farm buildings, farm machinery, work animals, 1/3 of all southern livestock, bridges, canals, thousands of miles of roads...

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Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce article by appropriate legislation