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- patients monitored 24 hours a day
- medical interventions by physicians and nurses
- 16 bed units

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- provides temporary shelter
- trauma informed case management: housing placement, employment, physical and mental health, legal aid

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·     To provide medical care in the most accessible way possible
·      To reduce risk behaviours and prevent infectious diseases and other substance-related health risks;

·      To reduce the risk of unsafe and unsanitary use of needles and syringes for drug use;

·      To reduce risks related to sex work;

·      To improve client health, by providing services such as opioid maintenance treatment;

·      To motivate and support clients to make life changes;

·      To facilitate the social reintegration of substance dependent women in general, as well as those who are sex workers, by providing housing, medical care (methadone maintenance) and training in social skills.

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1. Supervised injection sites (SIS): clean and safe environments where people can consume pre-obtained drugs with trained health professionals to ensure safe injection methods, respond in the event of overdose and refer to mental health services, social services, and other treatment options (Cohen, 2018).

2. HIV and other STI screening: It is important to have sex workers tested in order to provide them with necessary medical treatment as soon as possible. Sex workers are at higher risk for STIs

3. Gynaecological care and checkups: pap smears, hygiene, pelvic exam, breast exam, etc.

4. Providing condoms, clean and sterile syringes and needles, collecting used syringes and needles, distributing other materials for safe injecting (e.g., alcohol swabs, dry swabs, filters, water, ascorbic acid and powder)

5. Information on how to properly use and dispose of needles and syringes, information of STI’s and condoms and safer sex practice

6. Information and education on how certain drugs work and how they might affect one in future

7. Pharmacological treatment: Providing women with substance dependence undergoing rehabilitation with medical treatment such as methadone and Suboxone and monitoring the use as well

8. First-aid for women who may have been abused while working. Sex workers are at higher risk for physical and sexual abuse

9. Emergency contraception

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A partnership between police and community is the foundation of Chicago's own philosophy of community policing, known as CAPS — Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy.
https://home.chicagopolice.org/community-policing-group/how-caps-works/

Within this sector we can form a partnership with specialized units. The department is divided into a grid, separated by sectors, and beats. The beats indicate the different areas being served. We can propose a specialized beat to correspond to our agency for support both on an emergency level or for the community. This partnership can also serve as an advocacy and a form of transportation for any calls requiring immediate service and care.

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Safety Measures for Healing and Recovery

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Safety Measures for Healing and Recovery

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The CAPS division has established connections within the community shelters, local hospitals, and treatment centers. Specialized units include crisis intervention officers trained to defuse situations if an addict becomes belligerent or unruly. The units have direct contacts with counseling services and trauma-informed medical staff to help expedite service when needed.

EMS is also contacted when a call is made to CPD with an addiction-related call. This is a safety measure already in place to help with substance abuse cases. There is a crisis intervention team, all of which have certified training in community-based addiction.

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Cognitive Behavioral Theories

Looks at what reasons may have led to substance use.

“A primary focus is on teaching and correcting clients’ cognitions” (Alderson, 2020, p. 365).

Quickly learned by clients.

Not multiculturally sensitive.

Requires client to be active and consistent with attending therapy sessions.

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Police officers are required to take diverse training. Those with specialized Training such as crisis intervention or trauma skilled are required to maintain a high level of competence and repeat Training yearly.

Working in Public Service is one of the most educational experiences and best way to get exposure to social justice and unjust treatment.

Social Justice is a topic of discussion for law enforcement in every area of their work, daily check-in, and always on a CAPS meeting agenda.

As an officer, you are required to host and/or conduct CAPS meetings in your community, beat or sector.

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Alderson, K.G. (2020). Addictions counseling today: Substances and addictive behaviors. Sage Publications, Inc.

American Counseling Association. (2014). 2014 ACA code of ethics. https://www.counseling.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/2014-code-of-ethics-finaladdress.pdf

Cohen, J. (2018). Supervised injection facilities face obstacles, but that shouldn’t stop them. Health Affairs Blog.

Russo, J. A. (2017). Improving Awareness of and Screening for Health Risks Among Sex Workers. OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, 130(1), E53-E56.

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Pros:

Police and EMS are trauma informed and trained in crisis intervention.

When we call for service transportation is free and available 24/7.

Police have training in multicultural and diversity.

Police officers are a diverse group.

Female police officers have more charm, calm and nurturing spirit.

Female officers are trusted more in this type of scenario.

Police offer interpreters for native languages.

Cons:

Culturally: police often are not trusted in some cultures, particularly in the underserved communities.

Women are more at risk of being hurt just as much as being trusted.

If there is a crisis such as an opioid break out in one community, this can limit the service and cause delay in response time.

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- 24 hour crisis phone line
- multilingual services
- individual and group counseling
- 42 beds

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Overview:
- treatment program for alcoholism, dual diagnosis, opioid addiction, and substance abuse
- SAMHSA-certified
- residential detox, rehab, recovery housing
- free

Levels of Care Provided:
- outpatient
- Medically assisted detox
- IOP
- inpatient
- sober living homes: sliding scale rent, meals, vocational and employment training
- 24 hour clinical care

Clinical services:
- family therapy
- group therapy
- individual therapy
- nutrition therapy
- trauma therapy

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Overview:
- residential rehabilitation program for drug and alcohol treatment
- house up to 40 women
- 6 months to 1 year
- spiritually based

Services:
- alcohol and drug education
- counseling
- 12 step support groups
- work therapy

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1. No insurance

Situation:
- most residential facilities require insurance or high out-of-pocket costs

Problem:
- no insurance
- no money

There are some government funded, free options, but...

2. No identification

Situation:
- most detox centers, hospitals, and residential programs will only admit patients who have identification
- there are only a few exceptions including Haymarket (detox)

Problems:
- many sex workers do not have any forms of identification
- limited beds
- restricted services until overdose
- restricted services until medical emergency
- no assistance in gaining forms of identification

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Mobile Health Clinic for Female Sex Workers

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Mobile Health Clinic for Female Sex Workers

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Components
1. Community services referrals and transportation
2. On-site mental health services
3. On-site medical aid
4. Law engagement

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Biopsychosocial Theory

This theory considers all parts of an individual that may contribute to them turning to substances.

Counselors embrace all aspects of the individual during treatment.

Difficulty properly integrating all three theories: biological, psychological, and social.

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Brief Interventions:

Due to the population and many of our proposed services being crisis based and short term, brief interventions will have to be used.

Counseling sessions last between 5-30 minutes (Alderson, 2020).

An important part of brief interventions is providing resources that are beneficial to client population.

SAMHSA

SMART Recovery

AA/other 12-step support groups

Women’s Shelters

More information available on "Community Support" section

Clinics

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Diversity, Multiculturalism & Social Justice

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Diversity, Multiculturalism & Social Justice

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1. Provide interpreter services

2. Recruit and retain minority staff

3. Provide training to increase cultural awareness, knowledge, and skills

4. Use community health workers

5. Incorporate culture-specific attitudes and values into health promotion tools

6. Recognition of personal biases against people of different cultures - especially for the line of work for sex workers

7. Respect and tolerance for cultural differences

8. Treat sex work as a legitimate source of work

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Ethical principles are key, especially:

autonomy

justice (a community that is not normally treated equally)

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A.11.a. Competence Within Termination and Referral

Providing appropriate resources and referrals

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B.1.b. Respect for Privacy

Not collecting unnecessary information to ensure confidentiality.

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(ACA, 2014)