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Brown v. The Board of Education was a Supreme Court case fighting to end segregation in public schools. This case helped prove that "separate-but-equal" in education and other establishments were in fact not equal. The judges ruled that racial segregation between children in public schools was unconstitutional. A verdict was made on May 17, 1954 ruling that colored students were being “deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the 14th Amendment.” And that segregated schools are inherently unequal. So a law was put in place to desegregate schools.

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka

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on December 1, 1955 a 42 year old African American women was taking the bus home from work in Montgomery, Alabama. At the time there were segregation laws in place that made it so black passengers must sit in the back allowing white passengers to sit in the front. She was told to give up her seat to a white man but refused, which lead to her being arrested. Because of this she became, and is now known for being "The Mother of The Civil Rights Movement" starting it all.

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement

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The Montgomery Bus Boycott started on December 5, 1955 and lasted all the way until December 20, 1956. The boycott was put in place to protest segregated seating on public busses. Rosa Parks arrest sparked this protest and was lead by Martin Luther King Jr. who became known as a prominent leader of the Civil Rights movement.

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/montgomery-bus-boycott

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The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine black students that were to attend a formally all white school to test the Brown v. The Board of Education verdict desegregating schools. On the groups first day of school on September 4, 1957 they were met by the National Guard ordered by Governor Orval Faubus to stop the nine black students entry into the school. Later on that month, President Dwight D. Eisenhower heard about this and ordered federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into Little Rock Central High School. This brought a lot of attention to the Civil Rights Movement.

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/central-high-school-integration

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The Birmingham Campaign was a movement led by the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) but it was organized and ran by Martin Luther King Jr. The campaign was meant to pressure all business owners in Alabama into hiring people of all races. They also wanted to push desegregation in places such as schools, stores, and restaurants. This lead to desegregation in Birmingham, Alabama.

https://www.history.com/tag/birmingham-campaign

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The Freedom Movement was a protest call attention to segregation in public schools. This massive, yet little remembered attempt to protest against segregation in public schools supported and encouraged by Martin Luther King Jr, involved over 200,000 children and tens of thousands of adults.
At this point, nearly a decade earlier, segregation in public schools was deemed unconstitutional during the Brown v. Board of Education trials in 1954. Yet, Chicago schools were still heavily divided between white and black students, and predominantly black schools were not receiving the same education as predominantly white schools. They felt they had waited long enough and it was time for change.

https://www.history.com/news/chicago-public-school-boycott-1963-freedom-movement-mlk

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964, first proposed by John F. Kennedy but signed into law Lyndon B. Johnson, banned segregation in all public places. This also banned employment discrimination when it came to race, sex, religion, color, or national origin. This act was considered "one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement."

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-act

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Malcolm X was a religious black leader during the civil rights movement who had a contrasting ideology with MLK's. MLK preached to always stay peaceful and never stoop to their level, while Malcolm X advocated for self-defense and the liberation of African Americans "by any means necessary"
On February 21, 1965, at the age of 39, Malcolm X was assassinated while in New York City addressing his Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights.

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/malcolm-x-assassinated

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The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed in the US Senate by a 77-19 vote. After debating passing the bill for over a month, the US House of Reps. passed the bill by a vote of 333-85 on July 9, 1965.
This act "provided federal oversight of voter registration in areas where less than 50 percent of non-white population had not registered to vote", banned the use of literacy tests,
and allowed the U.S. attorney general to investigate the use of poll taxes in local and state elections.

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/voting-rights-act

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Martin Luther King Jr. Assassination - 1968

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Martin Luther King Jr. Assassination - 1968

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Martin Luther King Jr. was a social activist who played a huge role in The Civil Rights Movement. He was the organizer behind events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the 1963 March on Washington. King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 and is remembered each year on Martin Luther King Jr. Day, a U.S. federal holiday since 1986.
Martin Luther king was assassinated at the age of 39 in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. King was standing on the second-floor balcony of the Lorraine Motel where he was staying in Memphis, when a bullet struck him in the neck. He was rushed to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead about an hour later.
King's death caused shock and outrage which sparked rioting, violence, burning, and looting in more than 100 cities around the country

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/martin-luther-king-jr-assassination
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/martin-luther-king-jr