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- decision-makers use cognitive mechanisms to simplify complex foreign policy decisions
- decision-making occurs through two stages: first policies that are unacceptale are rejected, then the option with the highest benefts and lowest risks is selected

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- States take on roles, that is expectations that the self and others hold on what function an actor should fulfill within a group
- States take on different roles in different groups
- Roles can change through role learning, altercasting, normative persuasion, socialization

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What explains a leader's decision?

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- What roles does a state fulfill?
- Where do these roles come from?
- How has a state's role changed over time?

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- Which alternatives were avaibale to the decision-makers?
- How did deliberations between the decision-maker and his/her advisors unfold?

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- Information on domestic and international actors that could express expectations
- Information about foreign policy debates

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- Access to high-level decision-makers is difficult
- Foreign policy does not only consist of decisions

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- It could be difficult to distinguish roles from identity in practice
- Danger of looking too much at rhetoric, not consider actions enough

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- the international and national environments both have influence on foreign policy

- a state's resources/capabilities/material power & identity determines the scope of its foreign policy

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it evolves around the governance structure most especially power brokers.
we have the executive, legislature, judiciary.
it underlines the powers vested in each sub category.
an example will be the US presidency and congress; where the president is emboldened to take superior decisions.

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- Gender equality as a way of achieving peace and justice
- Focus on the gender discrimination dynamics
- Change must be done by listening to minorities affected by the problem
- Social construct problems (e.g. gender)
- Need for the presence of women in the foreign-policy making process
- Aim towards the dismantlement of dominant power structures

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assumption that states are power-seeking/selfish/defensive

attempt to include aspects of other theories --> heightened general overview but lacks specificity as visible in other approaches

differentiation between identity aspects in NCR and e.g. role theory

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Always look into the discourses by the various arms of government as they make the decisions, thus informing later analysis.
Typical of this could be the partygate investigation in UK, which surrounds the PM attending a party when the whole country was on lockdown.
This in a way raises the question of whether or not the law doesn't apply to certain people and also if there is a breach how well could it be dealt with.
All this could be sourced from parliamentary debates and speeches by political figures.

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- Is this approach feasible under the current conditions?
- What should be done to attain it?

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- How many women are there in the government?
- How are the gender discrimination laws being developed?
- From which region are we analyzing the FPA? Regional differences have an impact in how feminism is perceived and conceptualized
- What is being done to develop the feminist agenda? Are the pertinent issues present in its conception?

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- Feminist policies can be contradiciting with other parallel foreign policies (e.g. gun policy)
- Countries have different agendas and when looking at the international arena it can be difficult to mix them up and make them function properly
- People are wary of the word feminist because they misunderstand it as women supremacy instead of equality

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-power position of the state internationally (military capabilties, economic strength, geographical position --> any kind of ressources)

plus inclusion of:
-relation between state and society, general ideological position of the state (depends on political system)
-identity of the most important foreign policy actors

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it could be seen that this approach cannot be entirely used on it own as there are certain nuances pertaining to governance structure that greatly influences decision making and later analysis

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- What international and domestic variables are involved?

- What is the power position of the state?

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I am of the view that many ideals are far fetched, and for it to be accepted then the normal norm of going about things should be entirely discarded.