# data[].attributes.body
It is more expensive to keep prisoners in a more ethical and compassionate prison system. As seen in the Nordic Prison System.

# data[].attributes.body
Cullen, F. T., Jonson, C. L. and Nagin, D. S. (2011) ‘Prisons Do Not Reduce Recidivism: The High Cost of Ignoring Science’, The Prison Journal, 91(3_suppl), pp. 48S-65S. doi: 10.1177/0032885511415224. >[Accessed 17th Febuary 2022].

Howardleague.org. 2022. [online] Available at: <https://howardleague.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/The-Principles-and-Limits-of-the-Penal-System.pdf> [Accessed 13 February 2022].

Madoc-Jones, I., Williams, E., Hughes, C. and Turley, J., (2016) 'Prison building ‘Does size still matter?’: A Re-Assessment', Prison Service Journal, Vol.227, pp.4-10. Available at: https://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/publications/psj/prison-service-journal-227  >( Accessed 18th February 2022).

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GOV.UK. 2022. Safety in Custody Statistics, England and Wales: Deaths in Prison Custody to December 2021, Assaults and Self-harm to September 2021. [online] Available at: <https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/safety-in-custody-quarterly-update-to-september-2021/safety-in-custody-statistics-england-and-wales-deaths-in-prison-custody-to-december-2021-assaults-and-self-harm-to-september-2021> [Accessed 17 February 2022].

Prison Reform Trust, 2022. Bromley Briefings. [online] Available at: <http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Bromley%20Briefings/Winter%202022%20Factfile.pdf> [Accessed 13 February 2022].

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Public policies to reduce the net inflow of prisoners into the correctional system overtime.
Increasing the number of full time law enforcement officers
(Grimes, P.W,. Rogers, K.E,. 1999)

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“About the Norwegian Correctional Service. Kriminalomsorgen.” Directorate of Norwegian Correctional Service. Available at: https://www.kriminalomsorgen.no/?cat=265199

Denny, Meagan (2016) "Norway's Prison System: Investigating Recidivism and Reintegration," Bridges: A
Journal of Student Research: Vol. 10 : Iss. 10 , Article 2.
Available at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/bridges/vol10/iss10/2

Grimes, P. W. & Rogers, K. E. (1999) Truth-in-sentencing, law enforcement, and inmate population growth. The Journal of socio-economics. [Online] 28 (6), 745–757.

Skarbek, D. (2020). Smaller Prisons are better. Available: https://blog.oup.com/2020/09/smaller-prisons-are-smarter/. [Accessed 16 February 2022]

# data[].attributes.headline
Recidivism due to independent variables - Bleu

# data[].attributes.subject
Recidivism due to independent variables - Bleu

# data[].attributes.body
Socio-economic factors
Behaviour models used for prediction of penal population
(Grimes, P.W,. Rogers, K.E,. 1999)

# data[].attributes.body
CIPFA, 2019. Prisons [Online]. Available via: Institute for Government [Accessed 11 February 2022]. [gra.].

Great Britain. Ministry of Justice, 2019. Prison Population Projections 2019 to 2024 England and Wales. London: National Statistics.

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Dockley, A. & Loader, I. (2013) The penal landscape : the Howard League guide to criminal justice in England and Wales. [Online]. Abingdon, Oxon ;: Routledge.

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What's wrong with the current penal system that needs to be changed? - Neena

# data[].attributes.subject
What's wrong with the current penal system that needs to be changed? - Neena

# data[].attributes.body
- overcrowding
- recidivism
- drugs
- violence

# data[].attributes.body
The reason for over-populating the Prison system is due to the inflation of sentencing even though people being sent to prison has fallen.

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Prison population rose by 30% between 2001 and 2011
(Dockley, Anita., Loader, Ian., 2013)

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Women make up 5% of the prison population. Incidents of self-harm by female prisoners were reported.
Last year self-harm incidents per 1,000 inmates increased by 5% in female establishments.

# data[].attributes.body
Neena Patel - N0940538
Bleu Wildman- N0970801
Lucy Proverbs - N0905105
Ozan Garip - N0945217
Ciara Leonard - N0920344

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The Nordic prison system uses the "principle of normality" to provide an environment for offenders to "change their criminal behaviour"
(About the Norwegian Correctional Service - Kriminalomsorgen.no, 2022)

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- tend to have a less bureaucratic hierarchy
- gossip and ostracism are powerful forms of social control in smaller communities
- more opportunities for privacy and autonomy

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Violence in prisons is now out of control. Causes for prison violence include poor prison management, drugs, gang related activity.

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Frances Crook stated that 'the whole system needs radical overhaul' and that 'a small, ethical and compassionate prison system would save the taxpayer a fortune, change lives and transform incarceration for good.'

# data[].attributes.subject
Frances Crook stated that 'the whole system needs radical overhaul' and that 'a small, ethical and compassionate prison system would save the taxpayer a fortune, change lives and transform incarceration for good.'