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Located west of Great Britain, Ireland has been divided since 1921, when the British decided to leave. There are now two parts, the Republic of Ireland (capital: Dublin, 5 million inhabitants) and Northern Ireland / Ulster (capital: Belfast, but governed by London).

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People have been living in Ireland for a very long time. A very long time ago, people built big monuments. The sun hits the inside of Newgrange (photo) only two times in the year ...

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Ireland is also world-famous for its landscapes !

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Ireland is officially a bilingual country: you can speak English of course, but also a language that has been existing for a minimum of 2500 years: Gaelic !

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Problem number one: a question of ... potato !

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Problem number one: a question of ... potato !

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It all began about 150 years ago (in the middle of the 19th century). Rain used to fall a lot in Ireland. Potatoes didn't grow correctly, but rotted (see photo). Irish people faced a real problem.

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A video about the Great Irish Potato Famine (How A Famine Changed Ireland Forever ?)

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People didn't have any option. It is estimated that about 1/3 of Irish people survived, 1/3 died and 1/3 emmigrated to the USA.

The Irish-Americans today make up the USA's largest community, with 31,5 million people !

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The Great Irish Potato Famine - How A Famine Changed Ireland Forever ?

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In central Dublin, a monument to the Great Irish Famine (1845 to 1848)

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Ireland never recovered from this famine:

1/ The local language (Irish Gaelic) practically disappeared.

2/ Many Irish people moved (to the USA for most of them).

3/ In the 21st century, the Irish population has not really grown.

Ireland commemorates this sad period every year.

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The Dublin Great Famine memorial in Dublin (1.41)

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The Dublin Great Famine memorial in Dublin (1.41)

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The last impact was / is, the Irish diaspora (=people of Irish origin) is now very present in the English speaking world (the USA, Australia, etc).

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The haunting images of the millions impacted by the Potato Famine in Ireland in the mid 1800's are captured here in this short video by author and Edgertron's group travel host Charlie Adams. He visits the Memorial designed by Dublin's local artist Rowan Gillespie. This tragic event reduced the Irish population 25 to 30 percent.

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New York: immigrants left Europe for a better future (the American Dream maybe !)

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If they hadn't left their country, Irish people would have had no future. So, they moved en masse to the USA (like many other people in Europe).

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Annie Moore and her two brothers on Ellis Island, 1892.

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Irish girl Annie Moore became the first person to go to Ellis Island (on January, 1st, 1892). She arrived with her two brothers to meet her parents in New York.

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A common view in central Belfast in the 1960s, 70s and 80s...

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A second problem hit Northern Ireland in the 1960s: Catholics in Northern Ireland (capital Belfast, and governed by London) demanded a united Ireland with Dublin for capital.

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Because remember: England dominated / controlled Ireland for centuries and decided to leave Ireland only in 1921 (the Partition). But England kept one part (Northern Ireland...)

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The Irish Troubles: the longest conflict in Europe ! 

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The conflict between Catholics (they want a united Ireland with Dublin for capital) and Protestants (they want no change in the situation: London for capital) has been going on for about 50 years.

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"The Troubles" of Ireland | Keep It A Secret | Clip | Doc World

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The Brexit and Northern Ireland: more problems  coming ?

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The Brexit and Northern Ireland: more problems  coming ?

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With the Brexit (the United Kingdom left Europe), problems began again in Northern Ireland ... This conflict is the longest in Europe: it has been going on since the 1960s !