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1) Highly efficient Data Storage

2) New educational tools (Smart classrooms)

3) Evolution and Revolution of Communication

4) Minimization of Communication barriers

5) Advancement in the field of optical technology

6)New and improved gaming consoles which provide a more immersive gameplay(Virtual reality)

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1) Aperture: an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane.

2) f-number: The f-number is a ratio of an optical component’s diameter to its focal length and is related to numerical aperture

3) aberration :the failure of rays to converge at one focus because of a defect in a lens or mirror.

4) Fluorophore: Fluorophore is a coating that can be applied to a detector to improve ultraviolet sensitivity. This coating emits photons at lower frequencies that may be picked up by pixels at the UV end of the detector

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Holgrams being used for artistic purpose (Shivam Bhagat)

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Holgrams being used for artistic purpose (Shivam Bhagat)

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Scenes from the movie Iron Man

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The product should be user friendly, efficient and affordable. It should also be portable and should be able to do a task required on a daily basis so more people buy it until it becomes a necessity. It can be a modified smart watch which projects a hologram, or some tiny metallic balls which project holograms.

This would considerably reduce the communication barriers that we face in our day to day life. Video Conferencing would be revolutionized.

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Holograms can be used as an effective medium for data storage and with future advances in crystallography it is set to become the mainstay of data storage technology.

Holograms will revolutionize the methods of communication. The barriers we face today would be minimized to a large extent. Video conferencing would feel like talking to the person face to face in real.

Therefore, Holography, an advanced technology will definitely change our methods of communication and entertainment for the good of mankind.

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The crux of the articles is how virtual three dimensional images can be represented as a form of art and be used as an artistic expression.

It shows how technology can be used for entertainment and also for boosting the economy of the world.

The research involved is new and still on-going, so I would publicize this technology through its attractive applications, so more and more youth gets inspired by holography and contributes in the research.

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Product Development and Marketing
The product that could be developed would be similar to today's devices in therms of shape and size so that it can be compatible with existing computer architecture.It would use lithium niobiate crystals as the storage medium and wold use angular multiplexing to maximise storage capacity.
The product would be marketed by first making it complementary with all computing systems so that it would become the standard for data storage.This would be followed by a change in strategy in marketing once the product gains trust in the consumers .The company will then earn its margin on the basis of royalties on each computer sold to the consumer.

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Learning Experience and Implementation
The primary objective attained was to be able to understand the process and principle behind holographic data storage and to critically analyze data obtained from the journals.The data analysis technique can be reused while studying other data sources and the knowledge gained by the journals can be used to spread awareness and understanding about the latest events in science and technology.

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Brief History of Holographic Data Storage
1.The ideas behind holographic storage were developed by British physicist Dennis Gabor.He showed that the interference pattern produced by two coherent sources-one which scatters of an object and another reference beam can be used to remake the original object when probed with a third source of coherent light.
2.Plassey Company Ltd. laboratory in Caswell, Towcester, Northants,England lead by P. Waterworth have built a prototype of an optical memory from which data can be read, but no data can be written.
3.A slower read only memory has been built by Fujitsu in Kawasaki Japan.
4.A read and write memory has been developed by RCA Laboratories in Princeton, New Jersey .
5.A prototype is also being developed for National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA) by Harris Intertype Corporation in Ann Arbor,Michigan.
6.In 1995 Stanford, IBM ' s Almaden  Research Center and several universities and industries have come together to form Holographic data storage system consortium.
7.Bell Labs discovered the unique properties of lithium niobate in 1966.

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Holographic Storage Systems are said to be the next revolution in storage technology . These systems have the unique ability to store data in three dimension as compared to two in conventional optical and magnetic storage devices.furthermore,we can store a large number of holograms in the same volume by changing the angle of incidence.Holographic storage systems would be much faster than conventional systems because it reads and writes pages of data at a time rather than serially readin bits.Thus,we are able to store large amounts of data-up to 10^5 pages of data per meter squared.It is expected that to be a strong competitor against coventional storage devices once it enters the market.

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The development of the laser enabled the first practical optical holograms that recorded 3D objects to be made in 1962 by  Yuri Denisk in the Soviet Union and by Emmet Heit and Juris Upatneiks at the University of Michigan, USA. Early holograms used silver halide photographic emulsions as the recording medium. They were not very efficient as the produced grating absorbed much of the incident light. Various methods of converting the variation in transmission to a variation in refractive index (known as "bleaching") were developed which enabled much more efficient holograms to be produced.

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This technology is already being used in movies, virtual reality gaming and therefore the entertainment industry is booming at a fast rate economically.

Holography is extensively being used to minimize communication barriers, hence helping economy of the corporate world.

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Problems Faced in Holographic Data Storage
A)The greatest hurdle faced by this technology is the difficulty in obtaining a suitable storage medium.
1.Sodium Niobate
These crystals are expensive and they have to be grown individually.Furthermore, it lacks sensitivity due to which we have have to expend more energy in the form of a stronger laser source or we have to expose the crystal for a longer time leading to a large writing time.
2.Photo-refractive polymers loose the information when the electric field is switched off.The thermal excitation causes the molecules to randomly distribute and loose the stored information.
3.Photo Chromic Polymers have very large write times.
4.Photopolymers is permanent and can not be used to make read-write memories.
B)The light that is scattered in the crystals reduces the number of holograms that can be stored without introducing any errors.

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1) The process of setting up the equipment and LASERS is difficult.

2) It is quite tedious to code the set of instructions for image processing.

3) The external radiation present in the atmosphere interferes with the actual hologram.

4) Maintenance of high cost appliances and equipments is very difficult.

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Example of holographic image (Shivam Bhagat)

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Example of holographic image (Shivam Bhagat)

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Example of holographic image (Shivam Bhagat)

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Example of holographic image (Shivam Bhagat)

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The basic scientific principle to express art through holography is image processing in form of diffraction patterns produced by a reference beam and the digital data encoded in optical three dimensional form.

These diffraction patterns are controlled by certain projectors containing special kinds of lenses of different focal apertures.

These projectors can also emit LASER for better visual clarity of virtual images.

The main point is to create life-like images of three-dimensional objects and beings.

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We can design the product which is portable and handy. Using high resolution cameras and lenses which are also compatible to take 2D images and also some 3D images used to create images to 3D printing .

The product should create holograms through simple projector or simple smartphone. For people 2 in 1 product is highly attractive and it also will be best to buy.

Holograms are less popular and can only be created only in some labs this need to be changed and this can be done when the product is cheap and affordable to customers

product based on Microwave Holography should be marketed to the customers like Educational Institutes and simulating firms etc which can afford this costly product

Holography is one of our future technology which can be further developed and very efficiently implemented in day to day life

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This survey is targeted to researchers of holography. It shares the views of these researchers on the Fate of Art in Holographic displays

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Target Audience: A small sample of population

Questionnaire:

Q1. Have you seen any of the following movies? Star Wars, Iron Man, Paycheck?

Q2. Did you notice the extensive use of holograms?

Q3. Do you know how holograms work?

Q4. Do you think this technology can improve the standards of education?

Q5. Do you think this technology will replace smartphones and smartwatches?

Q6. Do you think holography can minimize communication barriers?

Q7.On a scale of 1 to 10, how much you think will holography revolutionize the fields of communication and entertainment?

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In future Holographic technology is new mode to create screen wherever we want.

If we discover cheap node to create holography then we can use it in security on airports and other important areas.

We can create simple holography through some lenses and other optical devices.

Holography gives exact design of the product while designing it for example the team designing a car gets exact view of the looks of the car and will able to design it effectively. similarly they can get the design after each and every step of their production . Same goes with the architectural models and structures.

use of technology of holography gives great experience of gaming and other simulations

Mainly Simulations are used for leaning purpose which are same as than in real world

Microwave Holography can be used to discover new things beneath the earth surface and to discover new fossils without digging it . This technology gives exact size and shape in all three dimensions

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Making of Holograms by using a watch.

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Basic setup of Holography.

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Holography dates from 1947, when British scientist Dennis Gabor developed the theory of holography while working to improve the resolution of an electron microscope. Further development in the field was stymied during the next decade because light sources available at the time were not truly "coherent"

This barrier was overcome in 1960 by Russian scientists N. Bassov and A. Prokhorov and American scientist Charles Townswith with the invention of the laser.

Futher the pulsed-ruby laser was developed by Dr. T.H. Maimam. This laser system emits a very powerful burst of light that lasts only a few nanoseconds .It effectively freezes movement and makes it possible to produce holograms of high-speed events, such as a bullet in flight, and of living subjects.

The first hologram of a person was made in 1967.

Also in 1962 Dr. Yuri N. Denisyuk from Russia combined holography with 1908 Nobel Laureate Gabriel Lippmann's work in natural color photography. Denisyuk's approach produced a white-light reflection hologram which, for the first time, could be viewed in light from an ordinary incandescent light bulb.

Another major advance in display holography occurred in 1968 when Dr. Stephen A. Benton invented white-light transmission holography while researching holographic television at Polaroid Research Laboratories. This type of hologram can be viewed in ordinary white light creating a "rainbow" image from the seven colors which make up white light. The depth and brilliance of the image and its rainbow spectrum soon attracted artists who adapted this technique to their work and brought holography further into public awareness.

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MY VIEW POINT ON MY QUESTIONS

Economic prospective

Microwave Holography is very expensive technology. Use of this technology for security purpose requires high investment and good infrastructure. This technology of microwave holography can be used efficiently on airports and railway stations, this technology is more accurate than the technology used currently but the technology of microwave holography is costly and also consumes more power which aids in its working cost.

Microwave holography or Holography in today’s date is not feasible but if we invent cheap as well as efficient way to create holography this technology it will create a revolution in the world. It will also enable people to use this technology in day to day life.

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It is simplest Holographic portrait

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The Problems faced by this technology are :

the main and the biggest problem is high cost of appliances and equipment used to create holograms .

especially cost of using Microwave Holography is high use of this technology will add to the cost to extract the material or objects beneath the earth. Use of Microwave Holography on security requires huge machine setup and high cost of installation

It is difficult to create holograms for big objects or holograms which are bigger in size. to create such big objects we require big holographic films and high quality and big optical lenses again which are costly

It is tedious to create images through Microwave Holography when the object is deep beneath the ground the imaging is not so accurate as it is for the objects which are shallowly beneath the ground . There is huge discrepancy in the image of object deeply berried and in some cases it indistinguisha

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Successful use of Microwave Holography (Nikhil 

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Successful use of Microwave Holography (Nikhil 

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As an example of successful use of microwave holography it is possible to mention holographic subsurface radar RASCAN [1, 2].

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A1 Basic Principle behind Holography and Microwave Holography

Microwave Holography is basically used to find or see the objects beneath any object like beneath cloths or inside the ground

The name holographic was given to this type of radar as it uses the same principle as it used in optical holography. There are two waves that influence the output signal: object wave that was reflected by a buried object and another due to receive-transmit antenna coupling and reflection from the surface. This interference pattern registered over sufficiently extent area of interest reveals highly detailed picture of what is beneath the ground.

Post processing of the image is not required as it gives accurate image at the first click.

basic principle to create a art form through holography is same as to creating optical holograms. Art is created through intelligent use of optical lenses and holographic films

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A1 Basic Principle behind Holographic Data Storage
The underlying principle behind holographic data storage is the ability to store digital data in the form of diffraction patterns produced by a reference beam and the digital data encoded in optical form.There are three main devices in the process -
1.Spatial Light Modulator:
a)It produces an optical signal of the digital data which is incident on the recording medium at a well defined angle.A large amount of data can be stored in a small volume with the help of this technique as we can store the holograms is the same space and each hologram can be viewed by a reference beam incident at a different angle.
b)The data storage is further optimized by a process known as spatial multiplexing.In this process the volume is divided into a number of regions and one stack is recorded per region.
2.Holographic Film
Holographic films are made of materials which undergo a change in physical properties , which allows us to record the interference pattern.
The materials that were found to be suitable for this purpose are described briefly below-
a)Lithium Niobate (Photo-refractive effect)
This material has the ability to change its refractive index in response of an electric field.
The light source excites electrons to higher energy levels,which migrate through the material.These electrons produce local electric fields that distort the crystal lattice, creating minute optical flaws in the medium.
b)Photo-refractive Polymers
These materials act on the same principle as the previous but have the additional advantage of capturing a hologram much faster and with lower light intensities as compared to lithium niobate.
c)Photo Chromic Materials
These  polymers darken when exposed to light.In the region at which constructive interference takes place, the side chains orient themselves in such a way that these regions are darkened.
d)Photopolymers
The energy supplied by the laser helps the molecules of the material to polymerize.These polymerized regions have a different refractive index  compared to the in polarized areas.Thus, the refractive index varies as the intensity of the interference pattern varies.
3.Charge Coupled Device (CCD)
This is used to read the reference beam which  has passed through the holographic plate and now contains the optical signal of the  data contained within the plate.The data that is read is then converted to digital data that can be read by the computer.

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Artistic Expression of Holograms         (Shivam Bhagat)

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Artistic Expression of Holograms         (Shivam Bhagat)

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Source 4

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Holographic artists working with continuous-wave lasers are restricted mainly to rigid, still subject matter. The pulsed laser 'freezes' moving subjects...

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Artistic Expression of Holograms              (Shivam Bhagat)

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Artistic Expression of Holograms              (Shivam Bhagat)

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Source 3

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A Journey Towards Creative Holography on JSTOR

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The author describes the distinction that he feels exists between display holography in general and creative display holography. Creative holography is not nece...

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 Artistic Expression of Holograms                                    Shivam Bhagat)

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 Artistic Expression of Holograms                                    Shivam Bhagat)

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Source 2

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Q6.If you were to design a product based on your research, what would it look like and how would you market your product?

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Q6.If you were to design a product based on your research, what would it look like and how would you market your product?

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Q5  What did you learn from this article and how do you plan to implement what you have learned?

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Q5  What did you learn from this article and how do you plan to implement what you have learned?

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Q4. What are the economic prospect of your technology ?

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Q4. What are the economic prospect of your technology ?

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Q3. Write a brief history about development of technology  till now

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Q3. Write a brief history about development of technology  till now

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Q2. Are there any problems faced by this technique?

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Q2. Are there any problems faced by this technique?

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Q1. Give a brief description about the basic principles outlined in your article.

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Q1. Give a brief description about the basic principles outlined in your article.

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Holograms being used for artistic purpose (Shivam Bhagat)

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Holograms being used for artistic purpose (Shivam Bhagat)

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Holograms being used for artistic purpose (Shivam Bhagat)

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Holograms being used for artistic purpose (Shivam Bhagat)

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Diesel 'Liquid Space' Holographic Fashion Show - Part 2

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Fashion show of SS'08 Preview Collection. Journey through time and liquid space to a futuristic world of bioluminescence, giant mechanic cephalopods, futuristic aquanauts and mysterious galactic polips. Witness the first catwalk show with real models showing with holographic models.

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Holograms being used for artistic purpose                             (Shivam Bhagat)

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Holograms being used for artistic purpose                             (Shivam Bhagat)

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Hologram Window Display for Retail Stores

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3D laser Hologram show in Singapore Marina Bay

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Wonderful 3D Holographic show in Singapore

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Holograms being used for artistic purpose               (Shivam Bhagat)

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Holograms being used for artistic purpose               (Shivam Bhagat)

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Turn Your TV Into  a 3D Hologram Projector

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Even coolest way to watch hologram videos is to make your tv into a hologram projector,in my previous project I have shown how to make tiny hologram generator that tiny generator inspired me to try this transparent pyramide to my 32 inch tv.

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Holograms being used for artistic purpose (Shivam Bhagat)

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Holograms being used for artistic purpose (Shivam Bhagat)

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Holograms being used for artistic purpose                (Shivam Bhagat)

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Holograms being used for artistic purpose                (Shivam Bhagat)

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Turn your Smartphone into a 3D Hologram | 4K

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USE OF MICROWAVE HOLOGRAPHY (Nikhil Joshi

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USE OF MICROWAVE HOLOGRAPHY (Nikhil Joshi

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The main use of microwave holography is using it in security arrangements finding hidden objects. It can be also used to find the objects and look through the walls . basically it uses microwaves instead of visible rays in lasers.

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Introduction to Artistic Expression of Holograms   (Shivam Bhagat)

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Introduction to Artistic Expression of Holograms   (Shivam Bhagat)

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Holography is a three-dimensional recording technique. The journals describe the artistic representation and expression along with applications of holography. This form of expression media has characteristics which are unique to holography, which are not seen in other techniques.

The main gist of the articles is that holography can not only be used for 3D image recording and data storage but also for artistic representation.

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Artistic Expression of Holograms                               (Shivam Bhagat)

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Artistic Expression of Holograms                               (Shivam Bhagat)

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Source 1

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FUTURE DEVELOPMENT IN HOLOGRAPHY (Nikhil Joshi 

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FUTURE DEVELOPMENT IN HOLOGRAPHY (Nikhil Joshi 

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Some of the possible future developments in holography are computer-generated holograms of hypothetical objects, recording of a hologram with sound to be read out with light. Microwave holography, holographic memories for data storage, holographic movies and T.V.

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HOLOGRAPHIC STORAGE: A VIABLE SOLUTION TO THE MASS-STORAGE REQUIREMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA COMPUTING

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This survey deals with the technical aspects behind holographic data storage.Furthermore an insight is given into each and every aspect behind the process.

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This survey deals with the growth and development of data storage and finally concludes with holographic data storage and its advantages.

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HOLOGRAPHIC STORAGE: A VIABLE SOLUTION TO THE MASS-STORAGE REQUIREMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA COMPUTING

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This video provides a brief introduction to wave phenomena and forms the base behind the science of holography.

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Holograms, Holographs: "Introduction to Holography" 1972 Encyclopaedia Britannica Films

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more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/ "Examines the process of holography, types of holograms, and the uses of the hologram for artistic and scientific purposes." NEW VERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITk8nOFcxUE Public domain film slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and 1-pass exposure & color correction applied (cannot be ideal in all scenes).

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USE  HOLOGRAMS TO CREATE SIMULATION (Nikhil Joshi)

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USE  HOLOGRAMS TO CREATE SIMULATION (Nikhil Joshi)

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holograms can be used to create many types simulations used for many purposes.

use of holograms will give much realistic view of simulator and will provide better learning.

designing of products can be much more easier as we get direct 3D image of object.

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COHERENCY:

Physics, Optics. of or relating to waves that maintain a fixed phase relationship, as in coherent light, or light in which the electromagnetic waves maintain a fixed and predictable phase elationship with each other over a period of time.

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Firstly, The Size of object and holographic plate is a problem it is difficult to create holograms for very big objects.

Then It is difficult to maintain coherency of the laser source.

Mostly Rigidity of object and optical equipment is important as there is change in their optical property with time. Mainly cost of equipment to create a good hologram is high also maintenance cost of the equipment is High.

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We can make simple hologram by using our smart phone and some simple transparent sheets

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Turn Phone into 3D Hologram WITHOUT CD Case How To

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This method is so EASY! Here is how to turn your smartphone into a 3D hologram player/projector without using CD cases. Using the quicker method shown in this video, you won't need a knife, glass cutter, or any super sharp objects. You just need a regular pair of scissors.

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Hologram is made by splitting laser beam into two, both beams are spread out by lenses then one beam falls on to holographic plate and the other beam falls on object which reflects back the beam on holographic plate. Holographic plate is photo sensitive and records the interference pattern of the two beams. The pattern is the developed like a normal photographic film .The interference pattern gives the detail property of the intensity and angle of reflected light from the object thus giving the 3D image of object.

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Introduction to holography (Nikhil Joshi

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Introduction to holography (Nikhil Joshi

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(Holographic projection is a type of illusion. Holograms are created by some optical technique projectors and different types of lenses etc.

Unlike 3D images which show only one angle of view holographic images can be viewed through any angle causing same 3D effect

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Crystal Lattice:
The arrangement of particles which may be atoms or molecules in a well defined three dimensional structure.
Interference:
The final amplitude of the waves is equal to the sum of the amplitudes of the individual waves.
Interference Pattern:

The pattern produced on a screen when two waves interfere .
Stack : The collection of stored data pages superimposed in a particular volume of the crystal. Central Processing Unit: It is the software that acts like the bridge between the internal implementation and the user.
Memory: It acts like the work-space of the computer.Any action to be performed on the computer first is loaded to the memory.Once the program is loaded the memory      the CPU performs the actions specified by the user. Read: The process in which data is obtained from the storage and loaded to the memory of the computer. Write: The process in which data is moved from the memory to the storage . Coherent Sources : Sources of light which have a constant phase difference.

Angular Multiplexing:

The process in which the holograms are stored at different angles of incidence of the reference beam.

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Introduction to Holographic Data Storage

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Introduction to Holographic Data Storage

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The articles mentioned in the source posts deal with how holograms are utilized so as to store binary data in three dimensions.Generally, data is stored in two dimensions in floppy disks and compact disks. The hologram uses special crystals whose lattices are influenced by electromagnetic radiation. This property is exploited to store the interference pattern of the source and the object.This crystal finally serves as the template from which the hologram is made.

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Optical Data Storage: Mass Memories for Future Computers? on JSTOR

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Allen L. Hammond, Optical Data Storage: Mass Memories for Future Computers?, Science, New Series, Vol. 180, No. 4083 (Apr. 20, 1973), pp. 287-289

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Source 3

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Volume Holographic Storage and Retrieval of Digital Data on JSTOR

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A multiple page fully digital holographic data storage system is demonstrated. This system is used to store and retrieve digital image and compressed video data...

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Source 2

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Will Holograms Tame the Data Glut? on JSTOR

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James Glanz, Will Holograms Tame the Data Glut?, Science, New Series, Vol. 265, No. 5173 (Aug. 5, 1994), pp. 736-737

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Source 1

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Holograms Can Store Terabytes, But Where? on JSTOR

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Alexander Hellemans, Holograms Can Store Terabytes, But Where?, Science, New Series, Vol. 286, No. 5444 (Nov. 19, 1999), pp. 1502-1504

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Holograms are made by projecting the diffraction pattern of two coherent light sources.The first light source which  against the object and the other light source interferes with it ,which is recorded on a special holographic plate.

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From the show "How it's Made" on Discovery Channel This Episode: Holograms

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A quick look at a new way to store and process digital information

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Presentation explaining the process of data storage

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Presentation explaining the process of data storage

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Holographic storage devices The idea of using the method of holography to create storage systems was published by Peter Van Herdenom, Polaroid employee, in 1963. He defined the density of 1 bit/lambda as a physical limit of storage density in holographic information systems. Holographic storage devices (HSD) record and read information provided in the form of two-dimensional bitmap bits - masks with holes, called pages.