# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
In an editorial on Friday in L'Osservatore Romano, Giovanni Maria Vian, the editor, said the 4th century AD scrap of papyrus was "a clumsy forgery (like many others that have come from the near East). At any rate, (it is) a fake," he concluded.

The fragment of scroll, in which there is a reference to Christ's "wife" Mary, excited global interest when it was unveiled in Rome last week by Karen King, a professor of early Christianity at Harvard University.

The discovery recalled the plot of Dan Brown's 2003 bestseller The Da Vinci Code, which revolves around the idea that Jesus had children with Mary Magdalene, establishing a bloodline that the Roman Catholic Church has for centuries supposedly tried to deny and cover up.

Proof that Jesus was married would turn the history of Christianity on its head and would have profound ramifications for the role of women in the Catholic Church and the debate about whether priests should remain celibate or be allowed to marry.

But L'Osservatore Romano dismissed the whole thesis, adding its voice to the many experts who doubt the text is authentic.

"The papyrus was not discovered in the process of excavation but came from an antiquarian market," Alberto Camplani, an Italian expert on the Coptic period from La Sapienza University in Rome, wrote in a long article in the Vatican journal.

"Such an object demands that numerous precautions be taken to establish its reliability and exclude the possibility of forgery."

He said the announcement of the discovery was premature because it had not been properly peer-reviewed.

Prof King said that the papyrus fragment does not prove that Jesus was married, only that some early Christians thought he was.

But L'Osservatore Romano said that the "global scoop" was "immediately" questioned by other experts at the conference, who were suspicious about the provenance of the papyrus fragment.

Several leading scholars have said that a modern-day forger could have found a piece of ancient papyrus and written the Coptic text on it in order to make money.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Vatican's newspaper dismisses 'evidence' Jesus had a wife

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In an editorial on Friday in L'Osservatore Romano, Giovanni Maria Vian, the editor, said the 4th century AD scrap of papyrus was "a clumsy forgery (like many others that have come from the near East). At any rate, (it is) a fake," he concluded.

# data[].attributes.headline
Rylan - Bulding Stucture made of Concrete

# data[].attributes.subject
Rylan - Bulding Stucture made of Concrete

# data[].attributes.body
Based on yesterday's lesson what is ONE Roman innovation that has influenced modern society?

# data[].attributes.body
Post one image of how Roman innovation influenced modern society.

Double click the brown background to add a post.

In the Title section write your name and what the image is.

Click the camera icon to upload a photo.

# data[].attributes.body
Used gravity to transport water along stone, lead, and concrete pipes into city centers

Promoted health and sanitation

No longer relied on water nearby

# data[].attributes.body
Slaked lime, volcanic ash, and volcanic rock were combined to create a sticky paste to form aqueducts, buildings, and bridges

Stable/Sturdy

Easier for construction

The Pantheon, Colosseum, and Roman Forum still stand today

# data[].attributes.body
Acta Dium or "daily acts"

Written in metal or stone

Posted in heavily trafficked areas like the Roman Forum

Detailed military victories

List of games and gladiatorial bouts

Birth & Death Notices

Acta Senatus or "senate acts"

Detailed the proceedings of the Roman Senate

# data[].attributes.body
Subsidized food, education, and other expenses for the needy

Cheaply priced grain

Helped feed, clothe, and educate orphans and poor children

less poor = less crime = strong empire

# data[].attributes.body
No longer clay tablets and scrolls.

Created the codex,

a stack of bound pages made of parchment

Documentation!

# data[].attributes.body
The empire encompassed nearly 1.7 million square miles

Built over 50,000 miles of road by 200 A.D.

Built mostly for military conquest

Legions could travel 25 miles per day

Curved for drainage

Had mile markers and travel signs

Post Houses to relay messages

Soldiers were highway patrol

# data[].attributes.body
Used arches in the construction of bridges, monuments, and buildings

Allowed for weight to be evenly distributed along various supports, preventing massive Roman structures from crumbling under their own weight.

limited the spread of disease and light

Arches, columns, domes and vaulted ceilings became one of the defining characteristics of the Roman architectural style

# data[].attributes.body
46 B.C. Julius Caesar instituted a new calendar system to align with the solar year

Lengthened the number of days in a year from 355 to 365

Added the 12 months we know as today

Miscalculated the calendar by 11 minutes which led to the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in 1582

Purpose= planning

# data[].attributes.headline
9. The Twelve Tables and the Corpus Juris Civilis

# data[].attributes.subject
9. The Twelve Tables and the Corpus Juris Civilis

# data[].attributes.body
The Twelve Tables

The basis of Roman law

P roperty, religion, & divorce

Punishments from theft to black magic

The Corpus Juris Civilis

Emperor Justinian

Combined the history of Roman law into one document

"innocent until proven guilty"

Influenced modern legal concepts

Purpose= everyone knows there rights

# data[].attributes.body
Invented many surgical tools

Established military medical corps

Saved lives through the use of tourniquets

Performed physicals

Helped stem the spread of disease by overseeing sanitation

Disinfected instruments with hot water

Soldiers tended to live longer than civilians