# data[].attributes.body
Structural racism plays a huge role in healthcare. Numerous studies have found that persons of color have substantially bad health outcomes, and that medical care worse underlying societal issues that contribute to poor health in these populations. Discriminations against patients of color restricts their access to care and lowers the quality of their care. Doctors, nurses, hospitals, and the rest of the healthcare system should provide all equal access to patients that come from a different diverse of ethnicity. A patient should be able to obtain the treatment they need regardless of their race, or cultural background.

# data[].attributes.body
The reason I chose this photo is because health equity is something that we have learned in previous Public Health classes. The focus of this term is to make it fair between everyone, so that every can be as healthy as they can. This is an ethical belief by many people and it includes removing health disparities such as social and economic obstacles. Removing these disparities will help create the equity among people. For this photo, the obstacles can be shown by height. By giving the two children something to stand on, everyone is able to view the baseball game.

# data[].attributes.body
Cultural humility is necessary in the healthcare field to provide the best quality patient care to all individuals regardless of race, gender, sexuality, religion, and etc. Practicing cultural humility involves awareness, empathy, and aids the provider in acknowledging and respecting patients' individuality. I chose this picture to represent the idea of cultural humility because the provider and patient are of different race and possibly culture, but the patient is smiling, assuming that she is satisfied with her care.

# data[].attributes.body
The reason I chose this image is because it resonates the most with myself, being a gay male and all. There is a stigma that "every gay male" will and can come in contact with HIV, so there are restrictions that prohibit gay males from donating blood. Considering the blood shortage we have in the United States and all around the world, it seems odd to refuse to take blood from a viable person, only based off of who they engage in sexual intercourse with. This to me seems to show clear signs of health inequity, because it stigmatizes gay males as only being able to have the virus, which according to recent news heterosexual people out number the number of infected individuals with HIV. Having a test to see if an individual has HIV to be able to donate blood, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, seems the most equitable in my opinion. Having more blood in hospitals can improve the overall health status of people who may need it, so restricting gay males from participating in blood donations in turn may deplete the overall health status of many individuals who may need the blood.

Photo:
https://onsexandgender.propublica.org/post/81411983652/deep-dive-gay-men-in-u-s-still-cant-donate-bood

# data[].attributes.body
Social exclusion is a long process. Social exclusion deals with the lack of resources, rights, goods and services that individuals can participate in. The individuals are unable to take action in economic, social, political, and cultural life. An example of social exclusion is inviting everyone except one person to a party, but in public health examples could be a certain ethnicity is denied the same education as the rest of the society. Social exclusion is usually by stereotypes, unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, and many other “differentiating” factors. This picture represents social exclusion because there is one person (red) excluded from the rest of the group (blue).

# data[].attributes.body
I chose this image because it shows the inequity. In the picture, there are three people of different height, even though they all get the same amount of block to stand on, their height difference still show the inequality that hidden behind. The little girl should have had the tallest block to stand on in order for her to pick the fruit. Then to the lady, she should have the second tallest block while the man, who is the tallest out of the three should get the shortest block. By doing that, it will provide the three people with same height and allow them to pick the fruit. This also applied to health inequity because it shows that giving the same benefits/treatments to all people from high to low classes will not be enough to have health equity. For that, we need to consider their status, culture, race,…to provide equality services.

# data[].attributes.body
In the health field, intersectionality is essentially composed of a variety of identifications of individuals that make up healthcare. The main 5 are race, identity, disability, sexual orientation, and nationality, but there are many more factors beyond these 5 that make up intersectionality such as religion or political affiliation and much more. All of these factors that make up an individual can affect how one is treated in the health field. Professionals have come up with these different groups to identify factors that can help them develop different programs and policies in healthcare to support those that are not getting enough attention, being treated unfairly, or are disadvantaged. Intersectionality is important to create categories to reduce barriers that disadvantaged individuals often face when being taken care of.

# data[].attributes.body
Equity in health is achieved when everyone has the opportunity to reach their full health potential. Social position, class, or any other social factor should not be a barrier to achieving this potential. I chose this photo because it shows how each person has the right bicycle based on their height or ability. This is what equity is all about.

# data[].attributes.body
I chose this image to represent health equity because I feel that it depicts each person being provided with what they need in order to achieve the same thing, which in this case is getting apples. In translation to what healthy equity means, it means that all people, despite their obstacles and differences, are provided with care that is unique to them, so that they can achieve the same level of health as everyone else. It is important that we address disparities in the health world, in order to make sure that everyone has the best possible chance of achieving peak health/well-being.

# data[].attributes.body
Systematic racism is prevalent in today's society by historical and contemporary policies, practices, and norms that are set in place by white people to allow themselves to remain white supremacy. This photo indicates a fair amount of white people and black people within a system that combats systematic racism by focusing on allowing our government positions, politicians, etc., to be as diverse and fair as we can in order to avoid any type of supremacy between any race.

# data[].attributes.body
Health inequity are the differences in health status/outcomes and the distribution of health resources between different population groups. An example of health inequity is the disproportionate number of Covid-19 cases amongst people of color, especially for hispanics. Some reasons for this inequity can be differences in employment, unequal healthcare access and unequal social safety net.

# data[].attributes.body
Intersectionality is when there are multiple components to what make up a person. These components may include gender identity, race, disability, sexual orientation, nationality, language, culture, and class. Kimberle Crenshaw is the face of intersectionality because she goes on to explain how African-American women are faced with different challenges compared to African-American men when it comes to police brutality. This just explains how African-American women are overlooked more because of their race and gender. On the other hand, African-American men are given the "upper hand" since they are males, but they are overlooked for being African-American. This may have an effect in the medical field since there may be people who may overlook certain people more because of their gender or race. This may lead to the person not getting the proper health care that they need. For example, for many years there has been this belief that POC have a higher pain tolerance, which may lead to them not being taken seriously when they are complaining of pain or discomfort.

# data[].attributes.body
Health inequity is a growing issue throughout the world, especially within the U.S. We've learned about health inequities in many public health courses and we continue to face these issues daily, whether it's at work or we witness stories on the news. Health inequity is characterized as the distribution of health resources between certain population groups and the differences in health status amongst these groups. Unfortunately, the distribution of health resources amongst population groups differ when everyone should be receiving the same access to healthcare. Health inequity can result in lower life expectancy, higher rates of mental illnesses, difficulty achieving healthcare, and preventable death. An example of an health inequity would be a minority group not receiving the same quality healthcare as opposed to a majority group. Statistically, certain ethnic groups represent higher income rates and reside in wealthier areas as other ethnic groups earn a lower income and reside in less wealthy areas. This is where health inequities begin as there is proven to be an unproportionate distribution of healthcare resources. Minority groups have the disadvantage in healthcare as opposed to the majority groups. This health inequity is shown while comparing the statistics of the health of minorities versus the health of majorities. This issue must change in order to ensure everybody receives the proper health care that is adequate to achieve optimal wellness. Health inequity is shown in almost every health matter such as vaccination availability, access to resources, and other areas within the healthcare system. We must address health inequities before this matter gets worse.

# data[].attributes.body
Cultural humility is a process in which an individual continuously makes the effort to learn, understand, and support other cultures. This is important in the health care system because medical professionals treat patients from many different backgrounds. Patients want to feel understood and heard. In order to do so, one must set aside their own beliefs and understand other beliefs that may not align with their own. This is an image of a doctor who speaks different languages and is holding different flags from around the world. This doctor supports and understands different cultures. This individual has been working on and will continue to work on their cultural humility. I chose this image because it is a great example of cultural humility as explained above.

# data[].attributes.body
Social exclusion/Marginalization are terms that describe the discrimination against another group based on several factors such as skin color, national origins, religion, wealth, and more. Social exclusion is more likely to affect groups of people who are less wealthy and have less social authority. This picture explains social exclusion because someone is represented by the figure outside of the circle. Since they are separated from the majority group and cannot break into the circle, this may affect their opportunities and services. This could include jobs, education, health resources, entertainment, and more. It is also likely in this situation that people from minorities attempt to assimilate to the majority in order to access equal treatment. Also, even within the majority, social exclusion can still exist because there will always be factors causing division. This can be seen by the different colors of the figures.

# data[].attributes.body
The distinction between equality and equity in healthcare is very important for optimal care. Equality is characterized by every person having the same exact resources and starting point. However, people have an enormous variety of characteristics, situations, and disabilities that result in true equality leading to lack of fairness. Equity is characterized by allocation of resources and assistance based on needs. For example, a young and healthy person does not need as much assistance as an old and disabled person; with a focus on equity, the old/disabled person would receive more care and resources than the young/healthy person.

# data[].attributes.body
Intersectionality is defined as the nature of social categorizations that can revolve around a person's characteristics. The image up above sets a perfectly good example of another way to separate individual groups from acknowledging everyone's own unique experiences. There are many bubbles in different shapes because of how important it is to understand a person's aspects in different modes. Creating a bubble chart similar to this will break down the categories, indicating how important it is to be towards our patients and more. If we look at an image similar to this with different labels, it will still cause others to. The overall thing patients should be looking for is how to separate the diversity that is shown to gather up data as it allows a change to occur.

# data[].attributes.body
The reason I chose this image is because this organization offers relocation services and affordable housing for low income families. They also focus on making housing for young adults because of the housing crisis that the United States is facing. They currently have projects in 20 states and in Washington D.C. People have been getting evicted from their houses due to COVID-19 and end up losing their jobs. If people don't have housing or a job, then they don't have the basic elements of safety and security, which can take a toll on their health. No job means no health insurance and people with chronic illnesses depend on their insurance to get the services they need. Opportunity is the ability to have access to things like housing, education, services, and jobs.  Many kinds of people don't have the opportunity to access these things due to discrimination, lack of awareness, social economic status, transportation, and mistrust in the system. In terms of healthcare, some parts of society will never get regular access to care and might develop lots of conditions. It is important for everyone in society to have a fair opportunity at to these benefits so they can be in good health and well being.

# data[].attributes.body
This picture represents health equity because it shows how different people have equal opportunity to use the park to get healthier. These people are different age group so they may prefer to do different types of actives at this park.They are able to use what they have. An example of this would be the two people on the bottom right corner don't have a bike, but they are walking a form of exercise. They each have their own way of improving their health and there aren't obstacles that are stopping them.

# data[].attributes.body
Intersectionality is a word that describes people who fall into a multitude of different categories that makes up who that person is. This photo represents intersectionality because it shows what a person is made up of and how it all connects to form a piece to the puzzle which is a person. Each person has different categories that represent them. Even though it helps people understand who they are, it can also affect the experiences they have in their lives. Any person can be discriminated against because of who they are, but there are some people who are at greater risk because of their beliefs or principles. Although intersectionality can have negative affects, it can also have a lot of positives. Being able to have a multitude of titles that make up a person is beautiful. It can also help people understand others who fall under different categories. Being able to learn about others is something that many people need to learn from and do. The people who work in the healthcare system should definitely be aware that intersectionality exists in order to create a safe-space for everyone they come in contact with especially patients.  In doing so, this can really change negative perceptions a person might have had in the past and can change for the better which can lead to a healthier lifestyle and choices.

# data[].attributes.body
Coined by a professor, Kimberlé Crenshaw, in 1989, intersectionality is the concept of understanding how individuals align with certain identities and characteristics that make them who they are. Looking at the picture above, it shows the major categories that can describe a person such as their ethnicity, sexual orientation, class, etc. While this concept's definition is transparent, intersectionality focuses primarily on understanding the discrimination and experiences each unique individual faces based on the category they fall under. Take for example a scenario of a black female who has crippled legs living in the poorer areas of the United States. By understanding intersectionality, we would see that this individual faces ethnic, gender, class, and disability discrimination and would find less opportunities as well as less equality living in the U.S in comparison to a white male in the middle class. Viewing the world in an intersectional lens, it would help us identify and change the systematic barriers which prevent these under privileged individuals from gaining equality.

# data[].attributes.body
Intersectionality is the idea that everyone has their own backgrounds and upbringings from their culture to their race, everyone is different. Nobody is born with the same appearance, as they have a different color or face or background to them. However, intersectionality deals with the unequal opportunities that are given to someone. I chose this image to show that even though they are all women, they are born with different skin colors or hair, or lips. Yet, they are people of a certain color and through that, they are already put at a disadvantage in society. Once they are born, they have to deal with unfairness from not only being a woman but as well as a person of color. The video that was presented in class, talks about how there are different people that are not able to understand each other's struggles. They are able to choose what they want as an identity, while certain people are born with a label on them, never having the ability to choose who they want to be.

# data[].attributes.body
A opportunity is being able to acquire goods and services, however, many are not able to receive these benefits due to discrimination and prejudice factors such as socioeconomic status, race, gender, sexual orientation, etc. The biggest concern in the United States are our high expense health coverages. On account of many Americans unable to obtain health insurance, the Affordable Care Act was developed in 2010 to provide low income families coverage. For instance, there are coverages such as Medi-cal, Obamacare, Medicaid, etc. Underprivileged families have to proceed by going through an eligibility verifying process to be able to have access to affordable healthcare. Although, the approach was to improve health equity, these programs may be flawed. To illustrate. there are limited providers that will accept low cost insurance. In turn, patients may not be able to get full health assistance or turn to a second opinion. It is crucial for the community to continue to rebuild and repair our healthcare system that allows for true health equity and a safe place that we deserve.

# data[].attributes.body
Cultural humility is one of the most important aspects in healthcare that often gets overlooked. Cultural humility is ones lifelong process in starting to not only learn about other cultures, but to accept their beliefs. It is important for the healthcare worker that is providing care to be able to understand and support the patients personal preferences and beliefs, even if it is something the healthcare provider may not practice or believe in. I chose this picture to represent cultural humility because it shows that regardless of our ethnicity, traditions, etc, we are still people who want to be understood, and treated appropriately.

# data[].attributes.body
Structural racism has affected the health outcomes of many people of color. There has been a lot of research that has shown the bad health outcomes for people of color compared to non people of color. People of color face access, barriers, and quality of care problems within the healthcare felid. The racism within in the system has made it hard for people of color to receive the treatment that they need in order to be healthy.I think that this picture does a good job shining light on the fact that racism alone is a public health crisis because it is and it needs to be treated like one especially when people health is at risk.

# data[].attributes.body
In practicing cultural humility a person should continuously engage in self-critique, self-reflection, and continue to be lifelong learners. A person should be able to take an other-oriented view regarding what cultural identity is MOST important to another, not themselves. It continues to be an important part of health equity. The reason I chose this picture is because it clearly identifies two different races, they are engaging in conversation and the nurse should be practicing cultural humility and being other-oriented; recognizing that the person she is talking to might have a different culture and beliefs that are different from her own.

# data[].attributes.body
Cultural humility is understanding the complexity of identities. It is a way to genuinely understand another person's identity related to race, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, education, and social needs. It also involves having awareness in yourself that there are people with different backgrounds but are open to learning and helping others. In healthcare, having cultural humility is important because all patients have health needs and it is our job to be educated and open to health-related beliefs, practices, and cultural values. The reason that I chose this photo is because I see that the doctor and nurse are having a conversation with an older person of color. The doctor is taking notes about their conversation and is listening to the patient. The nurse is also important because the patient looks comfortable that there is a woman of color who is caring for her health.

# data[].attributes.body
Social Exclusion is basically discrimination against people of color, based on religion, culture, race, income class, or based on the region they may have been in. This picture explains social exclusion because mostly everybody is one color and there is only one body that is red. The red one is laying down. The red one is the one who is excluded. This can affect them socially and personally, when they try to meet people, or if they are trying to get a job. It can be hard for them to do those types of things since they are considered "different" from the others.

# data[].attributes.body
I chose this image because Planned Parenthood is an organization that offers several health services at low or no cost. The term opportunity refers to access to goods, services, and the benefits of participating in society. Those who seek service at Planned Parenthood often encounter obstacles of finance, location, fear, or mistrust. For instance, Planned Parenthood allows women the opportunity to seek an abortion. Women may not be able to afford an abortion or are ashamed to get one at their primary care provider.

# data[].attributes.body
I chose this image since health equity is a situation where the best possible health is provided to society. The objective is to give every people the right to attain the best possible health. It is possible to attain if the areas of bottlenecks in the process are identified and steps are taken to remove them. Actually, disparity exists in income. Many people cannot have sufficient income to maintain good health. Proper arrangements should be made so that they can get the opportunity to maintain good health. Thus charitable or low-cost hospitals should be established. Proper health care insurance should be issued to them at the cost of society. Health care equity is financially feasible also where people with good health can work more efficiently and effectively. People of the society will be financially better off and it will improve their standard of living. Thus much of the problems in the path of health equity will be solved.

# data[].attributes.body
Social exclusion remains a prevalent process that affects one's opportunities and accessibilities. Within the field of Public Health, social exclusion can be experienced as an inability to access resources, services, or even their own rights. Varying factors, specifically race, have been a crucial component in one's experience of social exclusion. As a result, those with different backgrounds, cultures, or skin are not given the same opportunities for equal healthcare rights. The picture above symbolizes the majority of individuals excluding the minority because of a difference in head shape. Although healthcare has evolved to overcome these injustices, social exclusion still exists and continues to affect people today.

# data[].attributes.body
Social exclusion defines a situation where certain individuals in society are not allowed equal chances to receive opportunities available to others. Such opportunities might be their way to a better living and healthier conditions. The picture above shows a person being left out. I thought this picture was the best example of a visual for social exclusion. An example is when a residential building in a decent neighborhood does not have an elevator, but only stairs. The contractors who built this structure denied most of the disabled individuals from having a chance to move into this building and made it available to individuals who can climb stairs. It also refers to individuals who are not allowed to speak their mind and have their voice heard on laws, regulations, and other issues as related to communities they reside. They can also be denied certain services that are available to other communities, such as receiving clean water, decent public education, and adequate health care services. To get rid of all forms of social exclusion, we must establish communities that are more tolerable and more inclusive. We must make sure that all members of our societies are treated equally and have access to all opportunities available to others.

# data[].attributes.body
Cultural Humility is the act of realizing, evaluating, and accepting the biases and misunderstandings one possesses. In order to eliminate all the misunderstandings, prejudices, and racist biases one may have about different cultural groups, we must all recognize that we all possess our own toxic ideologies about people. Anyone can learn and practice cultural humility, this should not be limited to medical practitioners and professionals but rather to everyone in this world. This image assists people in engaging in self-evaluations and correcting toxic ideologies to eliminate the process of creating biases, which would help with clearing and opening one's mind to becoming educated about different cultures, identities, and ways to personally understand other people.

# data[].attributes.body
Social exclusion can be described as a situation where not everyone has equal access to opportunities and resources. It can be seen as the situation where a certain group of people may feel isolated or not welcomed. This is something often seen in society as there are many barriers between people that society has constructed. The construction that society has placed between wealth, class, race, and other dividers of people has created a stronger sense of social exclusion. In the image it shows how the fish that is a different color than the rest is not welcomed. He is excluded from being with them and can not be around the other fish. This is a good example of social exclusion as many times people only want to be with the same type of people as them. For example wealthy people only want to surround themselves with wealthy people. They exclude others who do not fit this category and do not give equal opportunities to anyone that does not fit in their social environment. This is one example of social exclusion.

# data[].attributes.body
Structural racism also known as institutionalized racism has been around since the beginning of this nations creation. The symbols of American democracy – opportunity, freedom, and prosperity – have been largely reserved for white people through the intentional exclusion and oppression of people of color. The deep racial and ethnic inequities that exist today are a direct result of structural racism: the historical and contemporary policies, practices, and norms that create and maintain white supremacy. One easily distinguishable example of this is the fact that African-American men were not given the right to vote until  1870. During this time the 15th amendment was ratified to prohibit states from denying a male citizen the right to vote based on “race, color or previous condition of servitude."

# data[].attributes.body
I chose this image because it is available to everyone 24/7. There are many people who do not have anyone that can help them or feel like they do not have any other way out of their suffering and commit suicide. The national suicide prevention lifeline offers individuals the opportunity to seek help and continue their lives. They look to help individuals who are in a mental crisis and gives them in a sense the opportunity of life

# data[].attributes.body
I choose this picture because mobile health screenings health create equity. This is because mobile health screenings, help those who do not have access to transportation or near by services. Not to mention, may times these services are free of cost for individuals of low income. This type of service make things more fair because those without transportation or with low income now have the same ability to receive health services/screenings as those who do have transportation or money to pay for these types of screenings.

# data[].attributes.body
Health inequities are differences in health status or in the distribution of health resources between different population groups. I choose this image to emphasize the differences a population group may endure like gender, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, disability, and where they live. These inequities are shown in almost every healthcare case within our healthcare system.

# data[].attributes.body
Throughout the history of the United States there has always been issues of intentional exclusion towards people of color. There are several policies and practices within the country that create and maintain white supremacy alive. Structural racism consists of different stereotypes that are disadvantages to those of ethnic minority groups. We can see structural racism affecting our society immensely, such as high poverty levels within black communities or higher death rates from Covid-19 within people of color; or simply the fact that blacks make up about 40% of prison population.

# data[].attributes.body
I chose this image of CSUF's student wellness center because it is available to all CSUF students. Most universities offer a wellness/health center to their students. The health center provides students in need of any health care either for free or at a low cost. Having this is as an opportunity is great especially for those who lack healthcare coverage. The wellness center offers many different types of care from physical care to mental health. Additionally, having the wellness center gives students the opportunity to be less afraid of seeking care whenever they need. - Maritza Vargas

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
I chose this image to define health equity because health equity is giving everyone the opportunity to receive equal treatment.

# data[].attributes.body
Health equity when everyone has a fair and just opportunity to attain full health potential. This means to problems to health such as poverty, discrimination, and their consequences such as powerlessness, housing, health care, education, and lack of access to good paying jobs. The difference between health equality is that it assumes everyone benefits from the same support meaning, it is equal treatment. Health equity means that everyone gets the support they need. It means there is a fair and just distribution of resources and opportunities need to achieve well-being.