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Why won’t you answer my question?

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(!)
“gestures take over: pursed lips, rolling eyes, animated hands, adorned by bangles of gold, jade, steel, string”
it is interesting as it shows shallow aunties/women showing off their wealth

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the fourth wall is the imaginary barrier which separates the narrative of its own characters and the audience. in fahrenheit 451 they used fourth wall as a pun or reference to the role of reality in the viewer's life. Mildred wants to install a fourth wall to complete the house as she wants to surround herself in the television world which basically just sounds like she wants to live in a fantasy. it also shows how shes disconnected from the reality. without the fourth wall, the fiction and reality can intertwine with each other.

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In these pages, we get an introduction to Mildred and her sleeping drug addiction, which implies how bad people have it in this society if they have to take 30 sleeping tablets to go to bed, while we can naturally sleep just fine. We also get an introduction to the plumbers who do a doctor's job in this society, showing how inhumane it is that people are considered as not humans, and therefore plumbers can do medical work on people. Also, it shows how much people dont care about themselves if they let these people do jobs they're not supposed to.

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it shows how the society is messed up as people need to consume sleeping pills to go to sleep and how the paramedics have to draw out blood from someones body to insert new ones which is inhumane.

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The Hound represents government control and manipulation of technology. Usually, dogs served as the rescuers for firemen. They were given the job of sniffing out the injured or weak. However, in this dystopia, the Hound has been made into a watchdog of society. Like the Furies, the Mechanical Hound has been programmed by the government to avenge and punish citizens who break society's rules. The ones who are not loyal to the rules must especially be punished, and the Hound serves as the enforcer of these rules.

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This society is actually devolving although the tech around them is evolving. As they invent stomach pumping machines and killer dogs, they also invent 3D, in-real-life TV that makes people stay at home, they make laws to burn books, one of the only sources of knowledge that the society has, and overall the minds of the people deteriorate as they start to accept the strange society they live in, and not question things anymore. Everyone just lives their lives, and that's it.

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"And there would be betting to see which the Hound would seize first."
->Implies that the firemen are not that mentally stable if they bet on animals getting killed in their free time.

"Montag touched the muzzle. The Hound growled."
->Implies that, although later Captain Beatty says that,"you have no enemies here, Guy", Montag does have an enemy among the firemen who might have set the Hound up to scare him, possibly due to someone finding out that Montag has hidden something taboo and has reported him to one of the firemen in Montag's absence.
" "Why? You got a guilty conscience about something?" Montag glanced up swiftly." Captain Beatty hit the nail on the head perfectly there. Montag does have something he's hiding.

" "I was just figuring," said Montag," what does the Hound think about down there nights?"
->Shows Montag's transition from being a fireman who didn't question his job or his life to a fireman who has now broken out of the cycle that is the monotony of everyone's habit of not questioning their strange lives and just accepting it.

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->A killing machine that the firemen set on people who try to run away if they get arrested for hiding books, which people usually do.
->Implies that there are many rebels out there if the firemen have to set the Hound off so the people getting arrested dont run away.
->Also implies that, again, this society is very far off into the future if they got mechanical dogs that can inject toxic substances. We currently have only started to tap into the industry.
->Also implies that this is a very dystopian society if they need killer dogs to keep people in check

ALSO
The Hound has 8 legs and can inject posion(ous substances) like a scorpion or spider, but a Hound is the name of a dog, although it clearly has attributes of a scorpion/spider.

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->gets more and more suspicious the further we read into the book
}"only stood thinking of the ventilator grille in the hall at home"
Montag might be hiding something taboo that, if the firemen were to find out, would set the Hound on him. Books?

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-> She clearly doesnt belong in this society as she acts                               completely different from the others,
}"and my wife thirty and you seem so much older"
->implies maybe Clarisse yearns for the past before books were taboo, as she acts like people in books; no one tastes water in real life...
-> there are times she acts matured and times where she still acts like she's a child

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The fourth wall is basically the barrier that separates the characters from the reader. When a character breaks the fourth wall, they become aware that they are imaginary.

farenheit  context  :

mildred seems to have no purpose in life other than her soap opera thingys and her television shows. This is why at the very start of the book we see Mildred attempting to take her life. (back in the first few pages we had no context so we didn’t know why)
later on, we find out that mildred has lost her memory as part of the stomach pumpers routine, where they also wipe the memory of those who tried to kill themselves.
Mildred then explains what she does in the day where she
“waits for plays to come on the wall-to-wall circuit in ten minutes.” Apparently, mildred has the script delivered to her (from the television people) and the script has a missing part that is for Mildred to “fill in”
mildred then asks montag to “we can afford to have the fourth tv installed. How long you figure before we save up and get the fourth wall torn out”

this implies that mildred was living an unreal (?) detached world and maybe that’s why she overdosed.

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In one of Mildred's dialogues, she asks Montag about breaking down the fourth wall and getting a new fourth tv installed where the wall was. In this book, the people displayed on the walls can react to Mildred, symbolising that she is part of the show on what was going on then, and she wants to have a fourth tv installed, symbolising the fourth wall between the show and her, the audience. It is referencing the definition of the fourth wall, in which the world of the show is separated from the world of the audience. When some character addresses the audience, this wall is broken, as they should be kept apart, yet the character has become aware that it is a character, which should not be possible. In this situation, Mildred has realised that she is part of the soap operas that have been going on, and wants to separate herself from it, thus putting a fourth tv down, like how she would strengthen the "fourth wall" between her and the show. That is why, when Montag realises and asks her whether the show is her family(as she constantly watches them) as a metaphor representing her watching the show so much that she becomes so familiar, at the same time, she is literally part of the show, or the family, as the characters ask her for their opinion although they are aware that they themselves are characters.

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They get along well, compared to other times when other people just ignored Clarisse
Clarisse seems to constantly open Montag's mind in different ways every time they have a chat.
She always asks deep questions, like how he got to be a fireman if he's such a nice guy, and this gets Montag to think about his life choices and in turn about the society around him
Clarisse also seems to know a lot of weird but interesting facts that Montag didn't know or forgot, which other people in the society might also have forgotten.
Their relationship is slowly starting to get better however there are still times where Clarisse accidentally annoys Montag.

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->Montag goes out to work and meets Clarisse on the way.

->A talk leaves Montag realising(once again), that maybe he's not cut out for the fireman job.

->He is falling more under Clarisse's influence, as can be seen from him starting to do what Clarisse is doing, "tasting rain"

->When he reaches the firehouse, he is interested in the Hound, "as always",  and takes another look at it.

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->" "What a shame," she said. "You're not in love with anyone."
}implies that although Montag is married, he might not love his wife, or his wife might not love him. This can be seen from, Spoilers, Mildred reports him to the firemen for holding books
}"I am very much in love!" He tried to conjure a face to fit the words, but there was no face." further proves the point that he is doubting whether he genuinely loves Mildred.

->" "And my wife thirty and you seem much older at times." " and " "You're peculiar yourself, Mr Montag. Sometimes I forget you're a fireman." " shows that both of them realise that they aren't the people from the society they live in and that their true nature doesn't really belong in the community.

->"And then, very slowly, as he walked, he tilted his head back in the rain, for just a few moments, and opened his mouth" This shows that he is getting influenced by Clarisse if he would repeat her actions, which proves that they dont belong in this society.

->" "Hello," Montag whispered, fascinated as always with the dead beast, the living beast." Yet another indicator Montag's not the regular fireman if the others just turn it on and leave it to do its thing while Montag is interested in it. Also could be foreshadowing that although it is not alive, "the dead beast", Montag is scared of it, therefore " the living beast", indicating he's hiding something, and doesnt want the Hound to find it. Books, maybe?

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->Very upfront
}"that's why i think its so strange that you're a fireman"
->another person who hasn't been brainwashed by the society

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->self aware
}"felt his body divide itself into a hotness and coldness" implies that he finally realised maybe he shouldn't be a fireman after listening to what Clarisse had to say, and felt pretty uncomfortable at the thought of dropping his fireman habits

->a pretty nice guy, according to what Clarisse said
}"You're not like the others"
}"You're one of the few who put up with me"
->this phrase also implies maybe there are others out there who are like Montag, where they also noticed they are in a strange society

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“does it have a happy ending? I don’t know, I haven’t read that far”

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"No use getting the stomach if you dont clean the blood."
Suggests that this society has the tech to pump stomachs, indicating that this is a far away future, as currently there is no tech for stomachs to be pumped.

"We get these cases 9 or 10 a night"
Suggests that in this society, drugs-or at least, sleeping drugs- are prevalent, indicating the book happens in probably a scary period of time, if people have to rely on drugs to sleep. This is proven later in the book where, spoilers, a nuke is dropped on the city that Montag lives in later on in the book.

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- possibly addicted to sleeping pills
- forgetful
=> she consumed too much of the sleeping pills in one night that the side effects hit her too much. by the next day, she forgets that she consumed the entire bottle of sleeping pills.
"The small crystal bottle of sleeping tablets which earlier today had been filled with 30 capsules and which now lay uncapped and empty" and
"Maybe you took two pills and forgot and took two more, and forgot again and took two more, and were so dopy you kept right on until you had thirty or forty of them in you."

addicted to listening to radio shows,
"Every night the waves came in and bore her off on their great tides of sound", and this has been happening for 2 years"

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Easily impressionable, as he realised he wasn't happy with his job just from a small talk with Clarisse

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1)"Montag grinned the fierce grin of all men singed and driven back by flame"
Suggests that he's not 100% mentally stable due to his job

2)"He felt she was walking in a circle about him, turning him end for end, shaking him quietly, and emptying his pockets, without once moving himself."
Suggests Clarisse has the habit of sizing people up, indicating she's not the average 17 year old pedestrian

3)"Houses have always been fireproof"
Suggests that houses are constantly burnt down, indicating that this isn't our normal society if houses have to be fireproof

4)"I heard that once a long time ago houses used to burn by accident and they needed fireman to stop the flames."
Suggests that this is a future in which firemen start fires instead of stopping them, thus highlighting the need for fireproof houses.

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fireman
who burns books
close minded
lost (pos on his mid-life crisis)

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17teen
weird
observant
talkative
actually kind of annoying
deep
she says the uncomfortable truth and makes montag question himself
straightforward

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“it was a pleasure to burn”
“kerosene is nothing but perfume to me”
‘houses have always been fireproof’
‘happy ! of all the nonsense’

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1)"seventeen and crazy" , "we're most peculiar"
2)Also observant
*" "There's dew on the grass in the morning" "
3)Deep thinker, "thoughtful"
4)Very curious person

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1) A fireman(starts fires)
* likes his job
2)considers himself a hero
*"a minstrel man" minstrel:a medieval singer or musician, especially one who sang or recited lyric or heroic poetry to a musical accompaniment for the nobility.
3)Considers Clarisse weird
4)Easily irritable, but
5)Can be calm and relaxed
6)Socially aware
*" "Kerosene," he said, because the silence had lengthened,"
7)Observant
*"had felt that a moment before his making the turn, someone was there"

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- “Its a pleasure to burn.’
- “ so many people are. Afraid of fireman.”
- “ houses have always been fireproof,”
- “ are you happy?”
- “ we are most peculiar,”

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traits
- narcissistic
- arrogant
- quite observant
- easily irritated
- crazy (thinks kerosene is perfume)

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traits
- observant
- talkative
- knows how to keep a convo going ( changes topic easily )
- insane
- nightowl
- has good memory
- psychopath
- ovethinker
- strange/weird

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Fahrenheit 451 is his message to humanity about the importance of knowledge and identity in a society that can so easily be corrupted by ignorance, censorship, and the tools designed to distract from the realities of our world. Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451.

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The firemen burn the books to show conformity.

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Clarisse McClellan is Montag’s young and highly intelligent neighbor. Clarisse helps Montag recognize his unhappiness.

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The people will call the firemen to report books in houses if anyone is caught in hiding books. The firemen are also willing to burn the books. However, there are still people who have been hiding books in their houses although they are aware of the punishment, such as Montag's friend, and sooner on, Montag himself. There are also outcasts whom wish to bring books back into the society, such as Granger.

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Montag takes great joy in his work and serves as a model of twenty-fourth-century professionalism. Reeking of cinders and ash, he enjoys dressing in his uniform, playing the role of a symphony conductor as he directs the brass nozzle toward illegal books, and smelling the kerosene that raises the temperature to the required 451 degrees Fahrenheit — the temperature at which book paper ignites.

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Captain Beatty is the most well-read and highly educated character in the book. Nevertheless, he has devoted his life to destroying books and maintaining society's ignorance. Unlike the other characters, Beatty has embraced his own guilt and chooses to utilize the knowledge that he has attained.

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5 themes in fahrenheit
- ignorance
- power
- identity
- technology
- media

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An American society in the future where books are illegal and firemen burn books to destroy them. The context for the name of the novel is that 451° Fahrenheit is the temperature at which books burn.

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fahrenheit 451 is the temperature where book - papers burn

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Fahrenheit 451 is his message to humanity about the importance of knowledge and identity in a society that can so easily be corrupted by ignorance, censorship, and the tools designed to distract from the realities of our world.

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In Fahrenheit 451, books were banned in an attempt to keep society happy, or so they were told, believing that if people did not have to form opinions for themselves, there would be less conflict, and society would be happier.

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point of Fahrenheit 451:
The central theme of Fahrenheit 451 is the conflict between freedom of thought and censorship. The society that Bradbury depicts has voluntarily given up books and reading, and by and large the people do not feel oppressed or censored.

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(?)
“where the neighbourhood wives”
what is ‘wives’ in this context? does it mean housewives?

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The message of the poem is that Singaporeans do not understand the true purpose of the void deck; that it was meant for people to get together, but Singaporeans do otherwise.

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(!)
“and old folks sit like sages” (simile)
this is interesting because it shows elders being respected by younger generation/perceiving themselves as wise beings/more knowledgeable than the young

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(!)
“fashion boasts, about stubborn sons, lazy daughters, who by some miracle or mistake” this shows favouritism towards boys due to the older generations mindset of boys being more superior than girls

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‘ laugh with diction ‘
its interesting as it is a metaphor however it is describing diction and with the use of diction in it.

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‘ after a morning at the wet market ‘

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“ in a corner, a caged birds bursts”

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“ on stone - table chessboard “

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?
“more websites on you than verses” what does it mean by more websites than verses

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“how we wallow in metaphors!” this is interesting as the poet is showing that theres a lot of metaphors in the poem and it shows a sarcastic tone

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(!!!) interesting thing

the title reminds me of the word malign.

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"Even though your titan child is now terrorising history". This is an interesting way to describe that the child is big sized and strong. It can also mean that the child is very scary.

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“ rough beast, you are neither idol nor ideal ” this is interesting as it is saying that the merlion isnt what it seems

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"Eyes louder than silence". This is an interesting way to show that its eyes is bold, loud and fierce.

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(3) !!!!! interesting thing/line
"how its sister's lips are sealed with self-knowledge and how its own jaws are clamp open in self-doubt,still surprised after all these years"

i like the contrasting imagery between the Sphinx and the Merlion.

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(?): what is circe

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(1)The message of the poem is how Singapore's past has led to the uniqueness of the Merlion's looks, in such a way that it represents Singapore.

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(2)"Brought to this land/The bounty of the seas" is an interesting way to describe people from the fishing communities fishing in singapore in the early days
"They make, they serve/they buy, they sell"is a good way for singapore's transition from a fishing community to one of the world's most busy trade centre, considering the last stanza talked about what Singapore was like before the British came in.

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describing why the merlion was built

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(3)"Adding to the Dragon, Phoenix/Garuda, Naga, those Horses of the Sun," how is this relevant to the Merlion?
""This lion of the sea/this image of themselves" How does the Merlion represent Singaporeans?
"Nothing, nothing in my days/foreshadowed this" is the author implicating something wrong with the Merlion, by the use of the word "foreshadowed"?

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"This powerful creature of land and sea"is a metaphor on how the Merlion is one of Singapore's most well-known icons,showing its power in people's knowledge of it,not actual power.

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(3) !! interesting thing
“such reminders will only scare a creature so eager to reinvent itself”
this line is very interesting to me because no one would ever think of the merlion in a different way and it would be uncanny if it were to reinvent itself into,for example,maybe another animal.

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"Their women dress and greet/ They hold the bright, the beautiful,/ Good ancestral dreams"
the words greet and dreams make up a half rhyme.

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"Good, ancestral dreams/within new visions"and"Full of what is now"is a metaphor on our ancestors dreaming  of what Singapore would look like now, compared to the fishing communities during their time.

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"Touched with power" is a personification, explaining that the government(whom have power over the city) wanted to build the Merlion to represent Singapore.

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"Despite unequal ways/together they mutate/explore the edges of harmony"is a  metaphor on Singapore's multi-nationalism, and on how Singapore's people of different races and/or religion clear the to grow together, explaining "despite unequal ways, together they mutate"

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“i kept faith with Ithaca travelled, travelled and travelled” it is a repetition. it repeats the word travelled 3 times

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some of them talk about what they feel about their roots
others talk about losing touch with their culture/roots( eg not speaking their mother tongue or doing traditional things unique to their culture) and how they hope future generations will not be like them.

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i saw many poems about singlish "conversaytion" that would NOT make ANY sense to a foreigner 💀💀 . this makes sense to the Singapore poets to write about because Singlish is part of their everyday lives. I guess they want to talk about it through their poems.

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about the war and the japanese occupation

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about the war and the japanese occupation

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there is a lot of patriotic Singapore poetry that bring up things like soldiers giving up their life, the price of freedom and condemning war.

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LKY did a lot of great things and is mentioned a lot in Singapore poetry. He made Singapore evolve from a dying nation to first world status towards the end of the 20th century so he is very significant to singapore poetry

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Some talk about the problems that people  see daily,such as  people having to work as cleaners, and because of that,others   are inconsiderate  towards them. there are poems that talk about being a taxi driver and what they experience and hear on a daily basis while they're on their break or when they're driving their customers to their destination.

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they talk about the places that  people visit,such as  Bukit Timah.

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some poems are about how the use of our own mother language is decreasing and some talks about how people nowadays are using singlish instead of english.

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some poems talks about how covid change people lifes and how people have to adapt to changes because of it. there are some that talks about the advantage and disadvantages of covid.

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some poems talk about falling out of love / breaking up. allowing the poet to be in denial and regretting the way they acted before. causing the poet wanting to restart the relationship.

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some poems talks about having to send off their children to school or to the national service. which makes it touching as the parents watch them grow up.

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there are side by side poems talking about families sending of their son to ns not expecting anything but helping to serve and protect the country and theres also the perspective of the son thinking about the worst thats going to happen while serving ns as the surgeants are going to be strict.

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there are poems which talk about how the poet feels while missing someone who isnt with them anymore and regretting things that they could have done in the past.

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merlion, esplanade, marina bay sands, gardens by the bay, jurong bird park, jurong lake garden, the floating apple store, jewel, hawker centre, Sentosa, Nlb, Singapore museum, Fullerton hotel, Raffels place, Bukit timah Hill, Singapore’s rich history, sir stamford raffels statue,  Singapore river, helix bridge, jubilee bridge, vanda miss joaquim, Singapore flyer, Singapore Science centre, Sea aquariam, Changi hospital,  Haw par villa, Chinatown, little india, kampung glam, geylang,

chili crab, chicken rice, nasi lemak, Mass rapid transit (mrt), LRT, HDB, parks, ice cream museum, New water, high level of education, ERP, Singlish, Chingay, national day parade, fines, strict laws, mr lee kuan yew, national service