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Total war was the belief that the entire civilization, both military and normal citizens, were committed to the war. Propaganda was a large way they promoted this, instilling a strong sense of patriotism and nationalism into the people at the home coast. This led to the building of mass production factories for weapons, and the use of conscription, or compulsory recruitment, to build up the military's size.

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Trench Warfare - Series of trench systems dug into battlegrounds as a method to avoid enemy fire. Soldiers would have to live in these waterlogged holes, and many developed diseases, or a deformity named trench foot.

Poison Gas - Chlorine, phosgene, and mustard gas, all dangerous and deadly gasses that would be used to attack trenches. This led to the development of gas masks to protect soldiers from these gas attacks.

Weapon Technology - Tanks, armored vehicles with long guns attached to them developed by the British, they could traverse No Mans Land, the space between two rivaling trenches. Airplanes, large crafts with the ability to fly, gave the advantage of air attacks. These flying ships were weaponized with bombs and guns during WWI and WWII. Submarines, water crafts able to submerge underwater and be undetected during WWI, allowing for the ambushing of navies and attacks on ports. And finally, machine guns, guns prior were very slow and inefficient, but machine guns could rapidly fire out 500 rounds per minute, and they became critical to protecting one's territory on the battleground, but also made gaining territory nearly impossible.

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The mandate system was a compromise between the Allies’ wish to retain the former German and Turkish colonies. This led to further bitterness directed at the allied powers from Germany.

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The ironically named Treaty of Versailles was a signed agreement between Britain and France to harshly punish and place blame on Germany. Most notably, Germany has millions of dollars in reparations causing a dramatic inflation of Germany's currency and putting them into a time of hardships, which allowed the Nazis to take control later on, and soon caused WWII.

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Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Vittorio Orlando all had varying ideas for settling peace during the Paris Peace Conference. Wilson specifically introduced the Fourteen Points, a document outlining his ideas and principles. The main thing he proposed was the League of Nations, an organization of nations to discuss conflicts openly to avoid the same causes of the Great War. This League was in fact established, but the US Senate voted against becoming a part of it despite Woodrow being the current leader of the US.

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Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism.

Militarism - Defined as aggressive military preparedness. This includes heavy investing into the military, heavy recruitment, and mass production of weapons and ships.

Alliances - Countries would make both public and secret alliances with other countries, and when an allied state was attacked, its allies would jump in to help protect the attacked state. The two main alliances of WWI were the allied powers and the central powers, both major alliances considering one another to be sworn enemies. Allied powers included Britain, France, Russia, and Serbia, as well as other nations. The central powers consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and The Ottoman Empire. The major European nations not in either alliance group were considered neutral states, like Spain, Norway, Sweden, and more.

Imperialism - The alliance system greatly came from bitterness between nations due to global domination. The Scramble For Africa, for example, caused conflict, because once much of the continent was colonized, many nations began fighting back and forth over territory within it.

Nationalism - Defined as a feeling of great pride and loyalty to one's nation as defined by culture and common language, Nationalism was the reason for the immediate cause of WWI, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Many Serbians, like Gavrilo Princip, were displeased by the presence of Austro-Hungary, and desired a nationalistic independence from their rule.

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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne and was murdered by Gavrilo Princip. Princip was part of an organization called the "Black Hand," whose cause was to end the presence of Austro-Hungarian rule in the Balkan States.