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Nariobi Vicente

Period 1

3/14/22

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DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid and is made up of nucleotides. Nucleotides are made up of phosphate, sugar and nitrogen base. The base pair rules are A=T and G=C. Bases are connected by special chemical bonds called hydrogen bonds. DNA looks like a backbone/sides of ladders that are made of phosphates and sugars.

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heavy duty ziploc bag
1 strawberry
goggles
10 mL DNA extraction buffer (soapy, salty water)
Cheesecloth
Funnel
20 mL test tube & test tube stand
Stir stick
10 mL ethanol (FREEZER)
Paper towels

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Placed the strawberry inside the ziploc bag and then smashed it. Then added the 10 mL of extraction buffer (salt & soap solution) to the bag. Next, mushed the strawberry in the bag again for 1 minute.  Assembled the filtration apparatus as shown in the diagram. Poured the strawberry slurry into the filtration apparatus & let it drip directly into the test tube up until the tube is ½ full. Slowly poured cold ethanol into the tube. Dipped the stir stick into the tube where the strawberry extract and ethanol layers come into contact with each other.

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I smashed the strawberry to break open the cells. Afterwards, I mushed the strawberry with salty/soapy solution to break up proteins & dissolve cell membranes. Next, I filtered the strawberry slurry through cheesecloth to break up proteins & dissolve cell membranes. Lastly, I added an addition of ethanol to the filtered extract so that the DNA could precipitate from the solution.

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What we did in this lab is smash the strawberry in the ziploc bag, then poured it into a tube and from then poured ethanol to extract the strawberry's DNA. What I learned about DNA is that it is not invisible to the naked eye but if gathered together it becomes visible. What I would do differently in this experiment if given another chance is breaking down the strawberry a bit more. After extracting the DNA I would observe the DNA and throw away stuff that isn't needed anymore. Two traits that are expressed in a strawberry are its size and color.

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I used an orange for the 2nd experiment. It was the same as the strawberry it wasn't easy or hard to get the DNA. If i did this experiment again i would use a cucumber because i would want to know if a cucumber would be harder to get the DNA from. Yes, doing the experiment but with a different fruit was fun because we wouldn't know if the DNA would be easier to take. The next step would probably try to get DNA from a small organism this time to see if there're similar in a way. An example would be the crust of the orange and the shape it took which would be a sphere shape.