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1. More than 90% of skin cancer is caused by sun exposure.

2. Each hour, one person dies from skin cancer.

3. Skin cancer accounts for more than 50% of all cancer.

4. More than one million cases of skin cancer will be diagnosed this year.

5. Skin cancer is most deadly for African American, Asian, and Latinos.

6. One in three Caucasians will be diagnosed with skin cancer sometime in their life.

7. One bed burn in childhood doubles the risk factor for melanoma later in life.

8. Men are diagnosed with skin cancer more often than women.

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Seek the shade, especially between 10 AM and 4PM.

Don’t get sunburned.

Avoid tanning and never use UV tanning beds.

Cover up with clothing, including board-brimmed hat and UV-blocking  sunglasses.

Use a broad spectrum (UVA/ UVB) sunscreen  with SPF of 15 or higher everyday. For outdoor activity, use a water - resistant, broad spectrum (UVA/UVB) sunscreen with SPF of 30 or higher.

Apply ounce (2 tbsp) of sunscreen to your entire body 30 minutes before going outside. Reapply every two hours or after swimming or much sweating.

Keep newborns out of the sun and apply sunscreen to babies over the ages of six months.

Examine your skin head-to-toe every month.

See a dermatologist at least once a year for professional skin exam.

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Fortunately, most cases of melanoma are discovered early enough that only surgery is needed to cure the disease. The five -year survival rate of people with melanoma at very early stage is 98%. That means this percentage of people are alive five years after their melanoma is diagnosed. Approximately 84% of people are diagnosed with this stage. Survival for melanoma that has spread to the nearby lymph nodes is 64%. Survival for melanoma that has spread to other parts of the body is 23%.

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Treating early stage melanomas usually includes surgery to remove the melanoma. If the melanoma is very thin it can be removed entirely during the biopsy without any further treatment. Otherwise, the surgeon will remove the cancer as well as a border of normal skin and a layer tissue under the skin.

For treating melanomas that have spread beyond the skin there are several options.

1. Surgery to remove affected lymph nodes with additional treatment before and after the surgery.

2. Chemotherapy which uses drugs to destroy cancer cells.

3. Radiation therapy that uses high- powered energy beams such as x-rays to kill cancer cells.

4. Biological therapy that is made of substances produced by the body or similar substances produced in a laboratory to boost the immune  system.

5. Targeted therapy which uses medications designed to treat advanced melanoma.

There are useful natural home remedies that can help treat skin cancer. some of these remedies include:

1. Black raspberry seed oil which it helps not only kill cancer because of its immunes properties, but it fights the tumor itself.

2. Eggplant extract which is used as a natural remedy for malignant and benign skin cancer since 1825.

3. Myrrh oil that is used to treat a wide range of the diseases for over thousands of years and fights cancer cells like skin cancer cells.

4. Frankincense oil which has been used also for centuries as a natural remedy to kill several cancers such as skin cancer.

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There isn’t a clear and exact cause of all melanomas. However, the exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or tanning lamps or beds increases the risk of developing melanoma. There are some factors that increase the risk of melanoma. They are:

1. Fair skin which has less pigment and less protection from damaging UV radiation.

2. A history of one or more severe sunburns.

3. Excessive ultraviolet (UV) light exposure.

4. living closer to the equator or at higher elevation where the sun’s rays are more direct.

5. Having many moles, more than 50, or unusual moles that tend to be larger than normal moles and have irregular borders and a mixture of colour.

6. A family history of melanoma.

7.  Weak immune system especially with people who have undergone organ transplants.

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To diagnose skin cancer skin exams by a specialist doctor should be done as the doctor does a head to toe inspection of the skin. However, the most accurate diagnosing of melanoma is with biopsy. In this procedure all or part of the suspicious mole or growth is removed, and a pathologist analyzes the sample to determine whether there is a kind of melanoma or not. Also, the doctor should determine the stage of the skin cancer by determining the thickness and spread of melanoma. Melanoma is staged by Roman numerals from I to IV. A stage I melanoma is small and has a very successful treatment rate. But a stage IV is the cancer that has spread beyond the skin to other organs such as liver and has the lower chance of full recovery.

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Skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells that occurs when unpaired DNA damage to skin cells trigger mutations or organic defects that lead the skin cells to multiply rapidly and form malignant tumours. However, Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer which develops in the cells that produce melanin, the pigment that gives the skin its colour. It can also form in the eyes and, rarely, in internal organs such as the intestines.

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Melanoma symptoms include:

1. Sores that do not heal.

2. Pigment, redness or swelling that spreads outside the border of a spot to reach the surrounding skin.

3. Itchiness or pain.

4. Change in texture or bleeding from an existing mole.

5. Blurry vision or partial loss of sight, or dark spots in the iris.

For melanoma that develops from moles the symptoms are:

1. The mole has an irregular shape.

2. The edge of the mole is irregular and not smooth.

3. The mole has uneven colour or dark spots.

4. The spot is larger than the size of a pencil eraser.

5. The spot is changing in size, shape or texture.