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Tuberculosis(Not on the list, but we had enough information already so I just added this)

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Tuberculosis(Not on the list, but we had enough information already so I just added this)

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Caused by bacteria that affects the lungs. One quarter of the world's population has latent tuberculosis, which is TB, people have been infected but cannot trasmit and are not (yet) ill with the disease. Spreads via coughing 8% of TB deaths are from tobacco smoking. Treatable and curable

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Most common cause of cancerous death  Lung cancer has two main types: 1. small cell lung cancer, 2. nonsmall cell lung cancer. small cell is essentially exclusively smokers while nonsmall cell lung cancer is a group of various lung cancers.
The majority of lung cancer comes from smokers, but not all

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Bronchitis is an inflammation in the lungs that some people call a chest cold. It can be a miserable, but minor, illness that follows a viral illness like the common cold -- or may follow a more serious condition like a chronic smoker's hack. Bronchitis can also be caused by exposure to smoke, chemical irritants, or bacteria. A cough, phlegm, and feeling tired are typical symptoms of bronchitis, but these are also symptoms of other illnesses, so getting the right diagnosis and treatment is important.

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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, among both men and women. Lung cancer claims more lives each year than do colon, prostate, ovarian and breast cancers combined.

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Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs. Your lungs are two spongy organs in your chest that take in oxygen when you inhale and release carbon dioxide when you exhale.

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A new cough that doesn't go away

Coughing up blood, even a small amount

Shortness of breath

Chest pain

Hoarseness

Losing weight without trying

Bone pain

Headache

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Carcinogens are substances that cause cancer. Tobacco smoke contains many carcinogens, including tar. Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer, and cancer of the mouth, throat and oesophagus.

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Emphysema is a disease in which the thin walls of the alveoli break down.  Tar droplets condense onto the alveolar wall, making them rigid and inflexible.  Smokers are coughing a great deal to remove the mucus from their lungs and this coughing can cause the sticky, rigid tar coated alveolar wall to degenerate.
A patient with emphysema will have a greatly reduced surface area for gas exchange due to all the collapsed alveoli.  So the diffusion of oxygen into the blood would be reduced causing breathlessness and impacting health.

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If someone is affected by emphysema, the alevoli are damaged and become flattened. This decreases the surface area, and therefore, the amount of oxygen that can diffuse into the blood (gas exchange is impaired). Mucus and fluid can also fill the alveoli which reduces efficient gass exchange further. The reduced oxygen levels in the blood affect respiration in the individual so that there is less oxygen and make it hard to breath. The muscles receive less oxygen supply from the blood and cannot produce enough energy (ATP).