# data[].attributes.body
1.    Stress

2.    The Stress Response System

3.    Stressful Life Events

4.    Stress and Its Impact on Health

5.     Coping with Stress

6.    Stress Management

7.    References

# data[].attributes.body
It is normal to be stressed while you are working. Stress and how to reduce is important information we need to know more about. Because work is an important, time-consuming part of our life, it can bring you joy and stress. Here is some information about stress, how it caused, what are the impacts of stress in your life and how to reduce stress.

# data[].attributes.body
Stress can be explained as a physical response of your body to make you ready for an action to get you out of the situation or danger. At this time your body tries to switch to fight or flight mode, releasing out different hormones and chemicals (adrenaline, cortisol and norepinephrine) to prepare your body to that situation. This process can make your blood to divert into muscles to control body functions such as digestion. Different hormonal changes can bring out an increase in their natural abilities, such as the release of hormones such as adrenaline, cortisol and norepinephrine, the caveman gained a rush of energy, which can prepare him to run away or fight the tiger. That heart pounding, fast breathing sensation is the adrenaline; as well as a boost of energy, it enables us to focus our attention, so we can quickly respond to the situation. That challenging point is when our body experiences stress. When we are stressed, the hormonal changes can lead to causing trouble from thinking straight. If we are stressing a lot, it can unpleasantly affect our health.
Health psychology deals with all aspects of health and Illness in a human being across his lifespan. In short health psychology study's preventing and curing illness. In regards to stress, it works on how to reducing and coping reasons of stress that may lead to disease. In short health, psychology examines the psychological and social factors that lead to the enhancement of health, the prevention and treatment of illness, and the evaluation and modification of health policies that influence health care

# data[].attributes.body
Any physical or emotional cause that can lead to stress. Stressors are divided into two more categories Physiological stressors which are caused by physical factors like cold, hot temperature, injury etc. And psychological Stressors situations, people, threats, comments etc. leads to build stress emotionally.

Stress is not always a bad thing. It is just a chemical reaction of your body to cope up with the challenge.

# data[].attributes.body
Eustress is known as the positive stress which can motivate and focus energy; it is short-term stress, it comes with the feeling of excitement and gives you to work more efficiently. For example, receiving a promotion, starting a new job, buying a house, having a child etc.
Distress

It is known as the negative stress which can cause anxiety problems; it can be a long- or short-term issue, it will make you feel unpleasant, holds down performance and creates mental and physical challenges.

For example, Death of a loved one, injury, getting abused, unemployment etc.

# data[].attributes.body
There are different types of stress: -

Acute stress is considered to be a good one. We experience this stress when we face situations like a speech or before an exam. This will help us meet them more effectively. Hence they are short-lived, after the situation the stress goes away.

But chronic stress is long-lived one and considered as a bad one. These stresses can be an outcome of childhood experiences, family problems etc. this can cause illness and affect the total emotional control of someone who is experiencing it.

# data[].attributes.body
Our body understands a situation and finds out it was a stressful situation or not. The body does it by analyzing the things which we hear and see in that situation and also using memories like what happened in that situation last time.  If it results as a stressful situation, the information is sent to the hypothalamus, and it triggers two more responses to the pituitary gland and the adrenal medulla, and they release the hormonal changes that come after the stress.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1932 Walter Cannon researched about stress and derived about fight or Flight response.

According to Cannon when someone is experiencing a threat, the body immediately responds and motivated by the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system. This response decides if they want to face it or run away. It was founded out from organisms and how they act to such situations. It is an adaptive response as it allows the body to respond quickly to the threat. But emotional and physiological functioning can be disturbed by stress and can cause harm too.

# data[].attributes.body
Han Selye (1907 – 1982) described how body response to stress situations. While thinking about a stressful event happened we can see that our heart rate increasing, sweating, feeling sick, or even get sick or tired, etc.  This is how our body reacts to stress.

Han Selye derived it into three parts, the alarm stage, resistance stage and exhaustion stage.

Alarm stage: it provides a burst of energy, and it will help to get prepared for the stress.

Resistance stage: Our body will be helped to face the situation and help to resist or adapt to the stress

Exhaustion Stage: when our body fails to overcome the stress, and he or she lacks the resource to cope it our body will deplete the energy and fails to overcome the stress.

# data[].attributes.body
Lashing out can be considered as an alternative stress response. Some people showed their stress and tried to overcome it by destroying things or changing the stress into anger. They will get dangerous and can cause harm

Another way is eating. Some people have the tenancy to eat when they are stressed out. Some people try to sleep to overcome stress.

In all these situations they are trying to forget the thoughts of stress and concentrate in some other areas.

# data[].attributes.body
Another line of stress research has focused more heavily on the psychological experiences of stress. Once such a line of investigation measures stressful life events. These range from cataclysmic events, such as the death of one’s spouse or being fired from a job and problematic events like moving to a new house etc.

# data[].attributes.body
Terrible things happen without predicting. This can bring a lot of stress with it. When someone had significant trauma, the sudden death of a loved one, witnessing an unfortunate accident can all bring us a lot of stress which sometimes we can't get over with. These stressful events can lead people to Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be derived as a mental illness that can cause sleeping problems, Re-experiencing the traumatic event and trying to avoid situations that can lead to bringing out memories of the past event. Most of us will experience such sudden stressful and sad life situations, but everyone will not go to PTSD. People have a different way of dealing with traumatic life events; when they fail, this can lead to PTSD. PTSD can be treated using medications and proper counselling.

# data[].attributes.body
Herbert Freedenberg, an American psychologist, defined burnout as consequences of severe stress and helping professionals. For example, Doctors and nurses who work with patients can get exhausted, listless and get tired fighting with that life. Burnout can be caused in stressful work life or your personal life. Getting tired and exhausted pf your life situations can be explained as a burnout. Living life for others and not considering yourself and your needs can make you tired of the life you are living, and all the stress of this can lead to emptiness. This emptiness will make you feel exhausted, sick, stop you running etc.

# data[].attributes.body
Changes are a part of our life. Changes happen for both good and bad. A significant life change can be positive or negative, can be a loss or gain, when it happened our lives won't be the same, and we can't go back to the old one. Life changes like pregnancy, birth, marriage, promotion etc. are the positive change which brings good stress. But situations like Divorce, Death of a loved one, A decrease in financial status, etc. are negative and it can influence the person very badly and changes his life forever. This will bring an intense load of stress which they can't cope up with, which can lead to a change in their life situations.

# data[].attributes.body
Small stressful events that occur in daily lives can be called daily hassles. For example, losing our house keys, being late for work, A traffic jam etc. but these stress can trigger more stress and can cause disorders like anxiety disorder etc.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
As Psychology - Daily Hassles and Uplifts

# data[].attributes.body
Stress can affect behaviours or patterns that can cause heart disease. Stress can increase blood pressure, cholesterol levels and make you addicted to smoking, overeating or oversleeping. This all leads to an increase in the risk of heart diseases.

Smoking and drinking too much alcohol is used some people to reduce stress. But this can increase the blood pressure and leads to damage their artery walls.

# data[].attributes.body
Stress can affect behaviours or patterns that can cause heart disease. Stress can increase blood pressure, cholesterol levels and make you addicted to smoking, overeating or oversleeping. This all leads to an increase in the risk of heart diseases.

Smoking and drinking too much alcohol is used some people to reduce stress. But this can increase the blood pressure and leads to damage their artery walls.

# data[].attributes.body
When we are stressed, there will many hormonal and chemical changes happening inside our body to face the stress. If we count change the response stressors, our body will undergo a constant hormonal change that can cause health issues like hypertension, diabetes and heart disease. Our brain works with our immune system which can be disturbed by any physical or emotional stress. Stress can make us cause illness or disease. Our brain sends defence signals to the endocrine system, which will then release hormones that help us to face the stress but also this process can suppress our immunity at the same time. When they release all the chemical reactions and transfers our body with cortisol that can decrease inflammation, reduces white blood cells and cells that destroy cancer (NK), which also increases tumour development and growth which all leads to increase the rate of infection and tissue damage.

# data[].attributes.body
Stress and HIV/AIDS

HIV infected people remain asymptomatic for long with the help of medication and the support of their loved ones. But some individuals are changing to the AIDs stage. Their immunity system is suppressed in this situation most of the time. Stress can be a reason for this cause as the stress suppresses their immunity. "Studies have shown that chronic stress, traumatic events, and depression can all lead to an increased viral load and decreased CD4 counts" (Grochocinski, 2010). A life of someone living with HIV is always a stressful one; they need to think about how society accepts them, medications, health issues etc. As HIV affects the immune system stress can cause a lot of harm to them.

# data[].attributes.body
HIV infected people remain asymptomatic for long with the help of medication and the support of their loved ones. But some individuals are changing to the AIDs stage. Their immunity system is suppressed in this situation most of the time. Stress can be a reason for this cause as the stress suppresses their immunity. "Studies have shown that chronic stress, traumatic events, and depression can all lead to an increased viral load and decreased CD4 counts" (Grochocinski, 2010). A life of someone living with HIV is always a stressful one; they need to think about how society accepts them, medications, health issues etc. As HIV affects the immune system stress can cause a lot of harm to them.

# data[].attributes.body
Cancer is one of the deadly diseases ever know and someone who is living with that, imagine how stressful their life is with the waiting for Waiting for a diagnosis, hearing that you have cancer, coping with treatment and side effects, being anxious about work and finances, and worrying about what the future holds can make their life stressed in all the time. Stressful events can also lead to an unhealthy life, the habit of smoking, drug usage, alcohol consumption can lead to cancer. So, stress effects and leads to cancer indirectly.

# data[].attributes.body
Somatic symptom disorder is a mental illness that can show effects on your body. A headache, Muscle pain, fatigue, stomach problems are some of the symptoms of SSD. But people will be stressed to figure out the cause. They try to treat the Symptoms, but it is caused by emotional distress. SSD is seen mainly in people with an anxiety disorder which is caused by stress

# data[].attributes.body
Everyone deals with the stress of their own. At the workplace it is normal to feel stressed. You will be stressed before a deadline when you are late or taking certain challenges. But there are ways to manage that stress, and we need to learn to control them too. Different people have their stress that differs in the way they get stressed. So, there are different ways to cope.

# data[].attributes.body
Here Stress and anxiety are seen with some symptoms which can include physical responses like tightening of stomach or breath shortness. For example, if we have a fear of the crowd, then we will try to avoid the crowd, because of this we avoid the stress of being in a crowd. In little anticipation coping will help us to find out our stress and tries to prevent it by making a plan which is something we have tried before

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Coping with Anticipatory Anxiety - 2014 PCC

# data[].attributes.body
Lazarus and Folkman suggested there are two types of coping:-
Problem-focused coping deals with the cause of stress in practical ways in which it avoids the problem that is causing the stress and reduces the stress. It focuses on reducing or preventing the stressor by problem-solving, time management and social support
Emotional focused coping deals with avoiding or reducing negative emotions leads to stress such as fear, anxiety, excitement, frustration, embarrassment and depression. Drug therapy is one of the ways to coping stress also using distraction, emotional disclosure, hope and praying, medication etc.

# data[].attributes.body
In our work life, we will face stress. It is essential to know how to manage our stress. Knowing how to handle stress can give us a positive and healthy life. This can help us to work efficiently and productively making it easier for our loved ones to live a life with happiness and wealth and us. For this, we can learn some easy ways to manage our stress.

# data[].attributes.body
By building a strong interpersonal skill can help us to be supported in times of a crisis by our loved ones, friends, family and co-workers. Social support can help us with advice, encouragement, guidance, emotional comfort, acceptance and even by financial help. So, the presence of caring people in our lives can help us to fight to reduce our stress

# data[].attributes.body
Exercise is one of the best-known ways to reduce stress. Exercise can reduce stress-causing hormones like cortisol and increase endorphins to reduce your stress and feel good. Physical activity can easily distract you from your stress and problems. Exercise can include a gym workout, working in your lawn, A walk through the park, riding a bike, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
Relaxation can easily take your stress away. When your body activates its natural relaxation responses by deep breathing meditation, regular exercise, yoga or even listening to good music can help you to overcome your stress and improve your mental health and physical health. When your relaxation response activates, it will slow down your heart rate, slower and deeper breathing, stabilizes blood pressure, relaxes your muscles and blood flow to your brain increase which will all give you more energy and helps to think clearly.

# data[].attributes.body
Meditations are connected with relaxation. In other hand meditation and relaxation is each side of a coin. When you meditate your body muscles relaxes, heart rates become normal, concentration increase and give you positive energy. Practising yoga, there are videos which can guide to meditate, etc. are some common meditation techniques.

# data[].attributes.headline
“Here are some points to reduce stress at workplace

# data[].attributes.subject
“Here are some points to reduce stress at workplace

# data[].attributes.body
·      Physical work stressors, such as noise, temperature extremes, crowding, harsh lighting should be reduced as much as possible

·      Minimize unpredictable and ambiguity in expected tasks and standards of performance. When workers know what they are expected to do and at what level, they are less stressed.

·      Involve workers as much as possible in decisions that affect their work.

·      Make jobs as enjoyable as possible.

·      Provide workers with an opportunity to develop or promote meaningful social relationships

·      Reward workers with good work rather than focusing on punishment for a poor job

·      Look for signs of stress before stress has an opportunity to do significant damage. Supervisors can watch for adverse effects, such as boredom, apathy and hostility, among workers because these affective reactions often precede more severe responses to stress, such as poor health or absenteeism.” ( Taylor, S. E. (2009). Health psychology. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.)

# data[].attributes.body
·      What Is Stress? (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.stress.org.uk/what-is-stress/

·      Stress. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://cmha.ca/documents/stress

·      Global Sources Lifestyle. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lifestyle.globalsources.com/?WT.mc_id=1003049&WT.tsrc=AdNetwork&coun

·      (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress.aspx

·      Stress and Heart Health. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/stress-and-heart-health

·      How Stress Affects the Immune System. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/how-the-mind-heals-the-body/201411/how-stress-affects-the-immune-system

·      (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.natap.org/2007/HIV/101107_02.htm

·      Stress - Canadian Cancer Society. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-journey/living-with-cancer/stress/?region=on

·      Somatoform Disorders: Symptoms, Types, and Treatment. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/somatoform-disorders-symptoms-types-treatment#1

·      (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/helpcenter/work-stress.aspx

·      Anna. (1970, January 01). Psychology class. Retrieved from http://psychologyclassaa.blogspot.com/2013/03/anticipatory-coping.html

·      McLeod, S. (1970, January 01). Saul McLeod. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/stress-management.html

·      Learning, L. (n.d.). Introduction to Psychology. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymaker-psychology/chapter/social-support-and-stress-reduction/

·      Scott, E., & Gans, S. (n.d.). 7 Ways That Exercise Can Act as a Stress Management Tool. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/how-to-relieve-stress-with-exercise-3144926

·      Relaxation Techniques. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.helpguide.org/articles/stress/relaxation-techniques-for-stress-relief.htm

·      Types Of Stressors (Eustress Vs. Distress). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.mentalhelp.net/articles/types-of-stressors-eustress-vs-distress/

·      Acute vs. chronic stress. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://humanstress.ca/stress/understand-your-stress/acute-vs-chronic-stress/

·      McLeod, S. (1970, January 01). Saul McLeod. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/stress-biology.html

·      How the Fight-or-Flight response explains stress. (n.d.). How Fight-or-flight Instincts Impact On Your Stress Levels. Retrieved from https://www.psychologistworld.com/stress/fight-or-flight-response

·      (n.d.). Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/general-adaptation-syndrome-stages-definition-examples.html

·      Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://cmha.ca/documents/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd

·      Depression: What is burnout? (2017, January 12). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279286/#i2125.symptome-5i.isburnoutamedicalcon

·      (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.journeyofhearts.org/kirstimd/change.htm

·      Taylor, S. E. (2009). Health psychology. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.