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-Europe was peaceful but soon in 1900's it would help propel the continent into civil war
Rise of Nationalism:
-Known as deep devotion to one's nation
-Several sources led to rivalry among European nations
-There was a big demand for independence
Imperialism and Militarism:
-Military experts stressed importance of being organized and easily mobile
-Both set up for war
Militarism:
-The policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war

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-Russia starts to move army toward Russia-Austria border
Nations take Sides:
-Germany and Austria on one side and were known as central powers
-Great Britain, France, and Russia Were known as Allies
-Millions of soldiers happily went to battle thinking it would be short
Central Powers:
-Consisted of Austria, Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire
Allies:
-Great Britain, France, Russia, Japan, and Italy

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-Looked beyond Europe for a stalemate
The Gallipoli Campaign:
-Allies believed they could take Constantinople, defeat the Turks, and establish a supply line to Russia
-Began in 1915 and was known as Gallipoli Campaign
-In December, the allies gave up the campaign and began to evacuate
Battles in Africa and Asia:
-Germany's colonial possessions came under assault and Japanese quickly overran German outposts in China
-Fighting troops and laborers fought and died on battlefield
-Some volunteered but most were forced to fight
America Joins the Fight:
-The focus of the war shifted to the high seas in 1917
-This lead to unrestricted submarine warfare and there were threats of submarines sinking ships
-German agreed to stop this but later resorted back to it
unrestricted submarine warfare:
-The Germans created this policy but agreed to stop but broke there promise
-US declared war on Germany

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-Meeting's major decisions were hammered out by group known as big four
Woodrow Wilson:
-United States representative
Georges Clemenceau:
-Representative of France
Wilson's Plan for Peace:
-Fourteen points, peace proposals was made while war was still raising
-Guiding idea behind these points were self-determination
Fourteen Points:
-outlined plan for achieving a just and lasting peace
self-determination:
-Allowing people to decide for themselves under what government they wished to live
The Versailles Treaty:
-Britain and France did not agree to Wilson's vision of peace because they were concerned on security and wanted to strip Germany of war-making power
-Led to heated arguments between the nation's leaders
-Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations were created
Treaty of Versailles:
-A compromise between the Nations
League of Nations:
-Was to be an international association whose goal was to keep peace

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-Led to creation of several military alliances
Bismarck Forges Early Pacts:
-Freely used war to unify Germany
-Declared  Germany to be "satisfied power"
-Germany, Australia, and Italy made triple alliance
Triple Alliance:
-Between Germany, Australia, and
Italy
Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace:
-Foreign policy changed, new leader did not want to share power with anyone
-formed defensive military alliance
-Triple Entente was created
Kaiser Wilhelm II:
-Selfish ruler of Germany
Triple Entente:
-the name of Britain and France alliance

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-The war turned into a bloody and long stalemate or deadlock in 1914
Western Front:
-Deadlocked region in Northern France
The Conflict Grinds Along:
-Germany created Schliefen plan that called for attacking and defeating France in west ad rushing to east to fight Russia
-Seemed like just that would happen, after four days of fighting they retreated
-War on the Western front settled into stalemate
Schliefen Plan:
-A battle strategy Germany had developed
War in the Trenches:
-Early 1915, armies on Western front dug trenches to protect themselves
-Life in the trenches was miserable
-Space between the trenches was called "no man's land"
Trench Warfare:
-soldiers fought each other from trenches in this warfare

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-Europe had lost more men in battle than in all other wars of previous three centuries
Governments Wage Total War:
-World war one soon became a total war
-Every able bodied citizen was put to work
-Rationing began and people could only buy a certain amount of an item
total war:
-Means that countries devoted all resources to war efforts
rationing:
-Foods were in short supply so government only allowed a certain amount of goods to be sold
propoganda:
-One-sided information designed to persuade , to keep up morale and support for the war
Women and the War:
-Total war caused government to turn to women for help like never before
-Women built tanks and munitions, plowed fields, paved streets, and ran hospitals
-Though women went back to staying away from working after war, it changed peoples view on what women were capable of

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-These agreements created feelings of bitterness and betrayal among nations
The Creation of New Nations:
-1919 and 1920, Western powers signed separate peace treaties with each of the other defeated nations
-Ottoman Turks were forced to give up almost all former empire and only kept land now known as Turkey
-Russia left war early so suffered land losses as well
"A Peace Built on Quicksand"
-Treaty of Versailles did very little to build everlasting peace and was rejected by dominant nation
-Some countries felt betrayed and cheated by the peace settlements
-A little more than two decades, the treaties legacy of bitterness would help plunge world into another catastrophic war

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-Balkans were known as the "power keg" of Europe
A Restless Region:
-Although Balkans were declining, some had succeeded in breaking away
-Wanted to extend borders but Australia would take over Balkans
A Shot Rings Throughout Europe:
-The Black Hand was a secret society committed to ridding Bosnia of Austrian rule
-Austria didn't want to negotiate and chose to go to war causing fragile Europe to collapse into armed conflict

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-Both sides sent millions of men to this front
Eastern Front:
-A stretch of battlefield on the German and Russian border
Early Fighting:
-Germans crushed invading Russian army and drove it into full retreat
-Russia fought better against Austria but were defeated by them
Russia Struggles:
-Always short on supplies and only had one asset, numbers

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-Events in Russia gave Germany a victory on the Eastern front giving them new hope
Russia Withdraws:
-In 1917 Russia had shortages of food, supplies and men causing them to refuse to keep fighting in the war
-Truce treaty was created and Russia and Germany signed it
The Central Powers Collapse:
-Russia's withdrawal allowed Germany to send nearly all forces to Western front
-Germany had weak army and declared itself a republic
armistice:
-Agreement to stop fighting
-German and French signed it

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-Many new weapons were created during world war one
Summarize the new weapons that developed during the course of WWI: New weapons that developed during the course of WWI were rifles, machine guns, flamethrowers, mortars, artillery, poison gas, tanks, aircraft, and submarines

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-Involved new technology and left a landscape of death and destruction
-Both sides of world had paid a tremendous price after war
General Notes:
-World War One caused generations to be wiped out with disease, starvation, and slaughter
-Allies won the war