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This is the city state of Ur, it had a wall around it and was on the Tigris River. The patron god was Nunna, the God of the Moon.

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Every city had a temple or a Ziggurat. In Akkadian, ziggurat means to "rise high"

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The Sumerians invented a wedge shaped writing called Cuneiform. The written language was used primarily for recording transactions.

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This mosaic art work is in three rows, at the top is the highest class of people, seated and a king. At the bottom is men completing slave labor.

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Priests were the first rulers.

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Hammurabi's code
assyrians had harsher codes

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They used clay tablets to write laws, and to document things for business and trade. They also wrote stories and told tales, which lead to much of the information we know today.

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In 1853, archaeologists uncovered the first know story, the Epic of Gilgamesh, written in the city state of Uruk in 2000 B.C. The Epic was written about the god king Gilgamesh who went on many adventures to find immortality, but realized that one cannot live forever, but ones legacy can.

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Abraham, the father of Judaism, lived in Ur, connecting the religion of Judaism to Mesopotamia

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Upper: Priests, rulers, warriors, etc
Middle: Artisans, farmers, etc
Lower: Enslaved people, captured through war

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Highest class- rulers priests, government workers, warriors

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The city-states made their own governments because it was hard to travel and trade.

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Slaves, Criminals, or people in debt that could not pay.

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Hammurabi was the first ruler to use successful codes of law, "eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth."

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The Code of Hammurabi is the first known piece of writing in the world, made up of 242 laws and punishments.

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Belief in more than one god.
ex. of gods, Adad, Amurru, Anu, Anzu,  and Apsu.

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Only special priests were able to go to the top room.

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Upper Class- scribes, government workers, priests, and kings
Middle Class- merchants, farmers, fisherman, artisans/skilled workers
Lower Class- slaves, criminals, unskilled workers

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Solomon was the third king on Israel and son of David. He built palaces but they cost high tax which caused a revolt within the city.

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Each city state had their own god.

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Only priests can go to the top of the Ziggurat.

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Artwork was most often found in tombs, caves, etc
Epic of Gilgamesh was the first written story

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Many cities created own governments and laws unique to them. Also they had defined boundaries, but searched for more

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We use their writings to figure out how they lived back then.

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Lower:slaves, unskilled workers, criminals.

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Solomon beautified the capital city of Jersulem.

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Mesopotamai was an area that was named by the greeks, it was not a real area.
Mesopotamia was in the fertile crescent wich allowed all the cites around it to thrive and make empires.
There were many city states wich governed them selves and were big targets for growing empires.
Summer was a hot spot for city states and acumulated many thanks to its vast amount of reacorses and it being close to water. It later became  an empire.
City states slowly began to become power hungry and started to form empires. Empires created brand new things like war and trading . Government and leader ship also became more important.
Nineveh was an ancient Assyrian city on the eastern bank of the tigris river.
Sargon was the ruler of A

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Jews were the first to use monotheism

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Priests kept city people calm to make the gods happy and let the gods bring rain, direction, or guidance

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Monotheism - Belief in only one god

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The sumerians used strict laws to enforce safety

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Priests were able to go to the top of the Ziggurat because they had more power than most people

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Nebuchadnezzar built the richest city in the  world

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If you lived in Sumer, you were most likely a farmer

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Judaism and Other religious leaders - Meera Shukla

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Judaism and Other religious leaders - Meera Shukla

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Judaism had people (leaders) who made mutual agreements with God (covenants) in order to keep agreements (pray for God, get

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Nebuchadnezzer was known as the best Babylon king and also bulit the hanging gardens

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Priests kept city people calm so the gods could bring direction and rain upon the people

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Many city states prayed to individual gods in hope of blessings and good harvest. They prayed at Ziggurats, and priests were the only one who could do so.

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A Canaan is and ancient home of the Hebrews.

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Very few people knew how to write, but even still, astronomy, mathematics, and studies of moon phases soured among scribes

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The Jews had a contract with God, an agreement.

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Hummurabi's code influenced systems in Greece and Rome.

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Priests were doctors and they ran schools. Priests made everyone behave how the gods wanted them to behave.

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It's a large temple. It means "to rise high."

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Religion emerged to explain their lives. Gods were responsible for community survival. Monarchs claimed support of gods

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The code of Hammurabi tried to make women and men more equal, instead of having men do all the work, and the women staying home.

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Mesopotamia had multiple gods that they worshiped making them a Polytheistic Religion

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He took Babylon fro the Chaldeans and returned 40,000 exiled Jews to Jerusalem.

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Scribes documented important dates of accomplishments

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Many city states had their own gods that they worshiped. Priests ruled city states until they became monarchies. Priests were in the highest class.

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Nineveh was the capital of the Assyrian Empire, but when the Chaldeans revolted, they burned it down

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The egyptions used writing to build the great pyramid at giza

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They used cuneiform to date records of court, marriage, contracts, businesses dealing and important events.

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Writing was created to make records and preserve stories, and very few people knew how to read or write though.

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Religions emerged to explain people's lives. Gods were responsible for community survival. Monarchs also claimed support of God's.

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The lowest class was enslaved people and criminals.

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Most people in Mesopotamia were part of the middle class.

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writing was created to make records and preserve stories

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Mesopotamia is known as "the land between the rivers" and was also the first Civilization

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Abraham was a shepherd born in Ur, Mesopotamia

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The largest groups were free people who were farmers, artisans, and craftspeople. Lowest class of society were those who were enslaved people who were usually captured in wars.

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Cities developed in river valleys with fertile land to grow crops to sustain larger populations. Trade was encouraged between cities which moved goods and ideas.

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Early law codes in Mesopotamia were very strict, an example is that if a house collapses while the owner is inside, the person who made that house would be killed. They were strict in order to keep the citizens in line and keep them productive. The first law code, Hammurabi's Code, was written in 1750 B.C.

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Cities developed in river valleys with fertile land to grow crops to sustain longer populations. Trade was encouraged between cities which moved goods and ideas. Monarchs defended the people with armies and made laws to keep order.

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Each city-state in Mesopotamia had its own God that it would worship to, based on location, but they were all polytheistic by respecting other gods' existences

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Made up of 1,200 different characters that represented physical objects, names and numbers. The Sumerians created it and used clay and sharp reed.

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Empire: A group of many different lands under one ruler.

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Religions emerged to explain their lives, and Gods were responsible for community survival.

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The majority of the people were farmers. These people were part of the middle class. The highest class was kings, priests, and other things. The priests taught people, they were doctors, and they had basically all of the jobs.

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Upper Class: Priest, Leaders
Middle Class: Farmers, Merchants, and skilled workers
Lower Class: Slaves

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Cities were formed around mesopotamia near river valleys so they could trade and grow crops

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Preists- who were part of the highest class. Were very important Ziggurats.

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Preists- who were part of the highest class. Were very important Ziggurats.

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Organized social structures led to good workforce, and stable business in Mesopotamia.

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Writing was created to make records and preserve stories

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In 5000 B.C, the ice sheets in the land the Greeks later called Mesopotamia, people started to farm the fertile land between the Tigris and Euphrates and make farming villages, and developed complex irrigation systems to help control the floods that made the land fertile. Efficient farming allowed for food surplus, which allowed people to do something other than farm, increasing the development. Population growth and specialization led to city states, and those developed social structures, writing (cuneiform) and arts, religion, and government, which created civilization. As the different cities grew, their kings created armies to expand territory and defend it. Around 2400 B.C Sargon, king of Akkad, conquered the area of Sumer and then NW, and his empire lasted 200 years, then the Amorites conquered the empire