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Remember- understanding - apply - analyze - evaluate- create

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https://thesecondprinciple.com/teaching-essentials/beyond-bloom-cognitive-taxonomy-revised/

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https://www.pearsoned.com/using-blooms-taxonomy-to-write-learning-outcomes/

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Bloom's Taxonomy: Why, How, & Top Examples

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keyword: KCAAES
1. Knowledge/Remembering
2. Comprehension/Understanding
3. Application
4. Analysis
5. Evaluation
6. Synthesis/Creating

https://www.coloradocollege.edu/other/assessment/how-to-assess-learning/learning-outcomes/blooms-revised-taxonomy.html

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https://www.academia.edu/18984550/Taksonomi_Bloom

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Taksonomi bloom mengkategorikan kemahiran dan objektif yang ingin dicapai oleh pelajar kepada 3 domain iaitu kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor. Taksonomi Bloom juga ditafsirkan sebagai pengkelasan objektif pembelajaran. ia terbahagi kepada 3 domain untuk menetukan objektif pembelajaran tersebut antaranya:

1)Domain kognitif digunakan untuk mengukur kemahiran intelektual.

2)Domain afektif digunakan untuk mengukur kemahiran generik, yang telah diterapkan kepada pelajar melalui penglibatan pelajar dalam persatuan-persatuan dan juga dalam pelbagai perbincangan secara berkumpulan seperti dalam kursus rekabentuk sistem dan sebagainya.

3)Domain psikomotor pula bertujuan mengukur kemahiran praktikal dan teknikal. Kemahiran ini diterapkan melalui proses latihan industri, ujikaji makmal dan juga lawatan teknikal.

Kemahiran kognitif merupakan domain taksonomi yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemahiran intelektual berdasarkan satu hirarki kognitif yang disusun dari aras rendah hingga ke aras tinggi iaitu aras pengetahuan, pemahaman, aplikasi, analisis, sintesis dan penilaian.Taksonomi ini diperkenalkan pada tahun 1956 oleh Benjamin S. Bloom untuk tujuan pendidikan.

1. Pengetahuan (Knowledge)
Mengingat kembali, mengenal idea, fakta asas, definisi teori, hukum, tarikh, peristiwa dan lain-lain daripada pembelajaran yang lepas.
Contoh: Nyatakan, terangkan, namakan, labelkan.

2. Pemahaman (Comprehension)
Mengubah kefahaman daripada satu bentuk kepada satu bentuk yang lain, menyatakan idea-idea utama dalam ayat sendiri, menterjemah, memberi contoh kepada konsep, menterjemah draf.
Contoh: Pilih, terangkan, tulis semula.

3. Aplikasi (Application)
Menggunakan maklumat dalam situasi yang baru, termasuk menyelesaikan masalah menggunakan prinsip, kaedah, hukum, teori, formula. Membina graf daripada data, dan lain-lain.
Contoh: Selesaikan, ramalkan, cari, kesilapan, bina alat.

4. Analisis (Analysis)
Memecahkan sesuatu yang kompleks kepada yang kecil, membezakan fakta daripada pendapat, kaitan kenal di antara bahagian, kenali struktur organisasi.
Contoh: Bezakan, pasti, pilih.

5. Sintesis (Synthesis)
Menyepadu, mencantum idea menjadi satu, usaha tersendiri, menyelesaikan masalah, membuat ramalan, membuat klasifikasi.
Contoh: Bina, hasilkan, susun, kembangkan.

6. Penilaian (Evaluation)
Membuat pertimbangan termasuk memberi rasional atas alasan dalaman atau luaran, menafsir dan mengkritik.
Contoh: Pilih, berikan alasan, kritikan, buktikan.

http://norhafizacheimalbmm3033.blogspot.com/2014/07/taksonomi-bloom.html?m=1

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Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers.

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Artikel 5: TAKSONOMI BLOOM: PERUBAHAN YANG DIPERLUKAN?

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Kamaruzaman Moidunny, PhD Institut Aminuddin Baki Sri Layang, Genting Highlands Pengenalan Bermula pada tahun 1948, di Bost...

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by TeachThought Staff

In one sentence, Bloom's Taxonomy is a hierarchical ordering of cognitive skills that can, among countless other uses, help teachers teach, and students learn.

For example, Bloom's Taxonomy can be used to:

create assessments

frame discussions

plan lessons (see 249 Bloom's Taxonomy Verbs For Critical Thinking)

evaluate the complexity of assignments

design curriculum maps

develop online courses project-based learning (often through project-based learning ideas)

self-assessment

See How To Teach With Bloom's Taxonomy for more reading.

A Brief History Of Bloom's Taxonomy Revisions

Bloom's Taxonomy was created by Benjamin Bloom in 1956, published as a kind of classification of learning outcomes and objectives that have, in the more than half-century since, been used for everything from framing digital tasks and evaluating apps to writing questions and assessments.

The original sequence of cognitive skills was Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation. The framework was revised in 2001 by Lorin Anderson and David Krathwohl, yielding the revised Bloom's Taxonomy. The most significant change to the Cognitive Domain was the removal of 'Synthesis' and the addition of 'Creation' as the highest level of Bloom's Taxonomy. And being at the highest level, the implication is that it's the most complex or demanding cognitive skill-or at least represents a kind of pinnacle for cognitive tasks.

See also 100 Bloom's Taxonomy Verbs For Critical Thinking

How Bloom's Taxonomy Is Useful For Teachers

In a separate post, we're going to cover exactly how Bloom's can be used by teachers. There are many reasons for the popularity of Bloom's Taxonomy (that likely deserve an article of their own to explore). For now, it's clear that many educators love Bloom's because, among other virtues, it gives them a way to think about their teaching-and the subsequent learning of their students.

As mentioned above, the framework can be used to create assessments, evaluate the complexity of assignments, increase the rigor of a lesson, simplify an activity to help personalize learning, design a summative assessment, plan project-based learning, frame a group discussion, and more. Because it simply provides an order for cognitive behaviors, it can be applied to almost anything. (You can see one example here-one of our teaching materials that combined Bloom's Taxonomy with common digital tasks.)

The image above visually demonstrates the levels of Bloom's Taxonomy as a spectrum rather than a hierarchy to allow for room for the 'power verbs' that can act as synonyms (and thus activity ideas) for teachers planning lessons and units.

There are six levels in Bloom's Taxonomy (the initialism RUAAEC may be useful to recall the levels).

The 6 Levels of Bloom's Taxonomy

1. The first level is to Remember.

Example activities at the Remembering level: memorize a poem, recall state capitals, remember math formulas

2. The second level is to Understand.

Example activities at the Understanding level: organize the animal kingdom based on a given framework, illustrate the difference between a rectangle and a square, summarize the plot of a simple story

3. The third level is to Apply.

Example activities at the Application level: use a formula to solve a problem, select a design to meet a purpose, reconstruct the passage of a new law through a given government/system

4. The fourth level is to Analyze.

Example activities at the Analysis level: identify the 'parts of' democracy, explain how the steps of the scientific process work together, identify why a machine isn't working

5. The fifth level is to Evaluate.

Example activities at the Evaluation level: make a judgment regarding an ethical dilemma, interpret the significance of a given law of physics, illustrate the relative value of a technological innovation in a specific setting-a tool that helps recover topsoil farming, for example.

6. The sixth and highest level is to Create.

Example activities at the Creation level: design a new solution to an 'old' problem that honors/acknowledges the previous failures, delete the least useful arguments in a persuasive essay, write a poem based on a given theme and tone

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What Is Bloom's Taxonomy? A Definition For Teachers

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Bloom's Taxonomy is a hierarchical ordering of cognitive skills that can, among countless other uses, help teachers teach and students learn.