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A Majority of Teens Have Experienced Some Form of Cyberbullying

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A Majority of Teens Have Experienced Some Form of Cyberbullying

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Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech

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Name-calling and rumor-spreading have long been an unpleasant and challenging aspect of adolescent life. But the proliferation of smartphones and the rise of social media has transformed where, when and how bullying takes place. A new Pew Research Center survey finds that 59% of U.S. teens have personally experienced at least one of six types of abusive online behaviors.

The most common type of harassment youth encounter online is name-calling. Some 42% of teens say they have been called offensive names online or via their cellphone. Additionally, about a third (32%) of teens say someone has spread false rumors about them on the internet, while smaller shares have had someone other than a parent constantly ask where they are, who they're with or what they're doing (21%) or have been the target of physical threats online (16%).

While texting and digital messaging are a central way teens build and maintain relationships, this level of connectivity may lead to potentially troubling and nonconsensual exchanges. One-quarter of teens say they have been sent explicit images they didn't ask for, while 7% say someone has shared explicit images of them without their consent. These experiences are particularly concerning to parents. Fully 57% of parents of teens say they worry about their teen receiving or sending explicit images, including about one-quarter who say this worries them a lot, according to a separate Center survey of parents.

The vast majority of teens (90% in this case) believe online harassment is a problem that affects people their age, and 63% say this is a major problem. But majorities of young people think key groups, such as teachers, social media companies and politicians are failing at tackling this issue. By contrast, teens have a more positive assessment of the way parents are addressing cyberbullying.

These are some of the key findings from the Center's surveys of 743 teens and 1,058 parents living in the U.S. conducted March 7 to April 10, 2018. Throughout the report, "teens" refers to those ages 13 to 17, and "parents of teens" are those who are the parent or guardian of someone in that age range.

Similar shares of boys and girls have been harassed online - but girls are more likely to be the targets of online rumor-spreading or nonconsensual explicit messages

When it comes to the overall findings on the six experiences measured in this survey, teenage boys and girls are equally likely to experience cyberbullying. However, there are some differences in the specific types of harassment they encounter.

Overall, 60% of girls and 59% of boys have experienced at least one of six abusive online behaviors. While similar shares of boys and girls have encountered abuse, such as name-calling or physical threats online, other forms of cyberbullying are more prevalent among girls. Some 39% of girls say someone has spread false rumors about them online, compared with 26% of boys who say this.

Girls also are more likely than boys to report being the recipient of explicit images they did not ask for (29% vs. 20%). And being the target of these types of messages is an especially common experience for older girls: 35% of girls ages 15 to 17 say they have received unwanted explicit images, compared with about one-in-five boys in this age range and younger teens of both genders.

Online harassment does not necessarily begin and end with one specific behavior, and 40% of teens have experienced two or more of these actions. Girls are more likely than boys to have experienced several different forms of online bullying, however. Some 15% of teen girls have been the target of at least four of these online behaviors, compared with 6% of boys.

In addition to these gender differences, teens from lower-income families are more likely than those from higher-income families to encounter certain forms of online bullying. For example, 24% of teens whose household income is less than $30,000 a year say they have been the target of physical threats online, compared with 12% whose annual household income is $75,000 or more. However, teens' experiences with these issues do not statistically differ by race or ethnicity, or by their parent's level of educational attainment. (For details on experiences with online bullying by different demographic groups, see Appendix A.)

The likelihood of teens facing abusive behavior also varies by how often teens go online. Some 45% of teens say they are online almost constantly, and these constant users are more likely to face online harassment. Fully 67% of teens who are online almost constantly have been cyberbullied, compared with 53% of those who use the internet several times a day or less. These differences also extend to specific kinds of behaviors. For example, half of teens who are near-constant internet users say they have been called offensive names online, compared with about a third (36%) who use the internet less frequently.

A majority of teens think parents are doing a good job at addressing online harassment, but smaller shares think other groups are handling this issue effectively

Today, school officials, tech companies and lawmakers are looking for ways to combat cyberbullying. Some schools have implemented policies that punish students for harassing messages even when those exchanges occur off campus. Anti-bullying tools are being rolled out by social media companies, and several states have enacted laws prohibiting cyberbullying and other forms of electronic harassment. In light of these efforts, Pew Research Center asked young people to rate how key groups are responding to cyberbullying and found that teens generally are critical of the way this problem is being addressed.

Indeed, teens rate the anti-bullying efforts of five of the six groups measured in the survey more negatively than positively. Parents are the only group for which a majority of teens (59%) express a favorable view of their efforts.

Young people have an especially negative view of the way politicians are tackling the issue of cyberbullying - 79% of teens say elected officials are doing only a fair or poor job of addressing this problem. And smaller majorities have unfavorable views of how groups such as social media sites (66%), other users who witness harassment happening online (64%) or teachers (58%) are addressing harassment and cyberbullying.

Teens' views on how well each of these groups is handling this issue vary little by their own personal experiences with cyberbullying - that is, bullied teens are no more critical than their non-bullied peers. And teens across various demographic groups tend to have a similar assessment of how these groups are addressing online harassment.

About six-in-ten parents worry about their own teen getting bullied online, but most are confident they can teach their teen about acceptable online behavior

Parents believe they can provide their teen with the appropriate advice to make good online decisions. Nine-in-ten parents say they are at least somewhat confident they can teach their teen how to engage in appropriate online behavior, including 45% who say they are very confident in their ability to do so.

But even as most parents are confident they can educate their child about proper online conduct, notable shares are concerned about the types of negative experiences their teen might encounter online. Roughly six-in-ten parents say they worry at least somewhat about their teen being harassed or bullied online (59%) or sending or receiving explicit images (57%). In each case, about one-in-four parents say they worry a lot about one of these things happening to their child.

These parental concerns tend to vary by race and ethnicity, as well as by a child's gender. Among parents, whites and Hispanics are more likely than blacks to say they worry about their teen being cyberbullied. Hispanic parents also are more inclined than black parents to say they worry about their child exchanging explicit images. At the same time, parents of teen girls are somewhat more likely than those with a teenage boy to say they worry about their teen being bullied online (64% vs. 54%) or exchanging explicit images (64% vs. 51%). (For details on these parental concerns by demographic group, see Appendix A.)

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A Majority of Teens Have Experienced Some Form of Cyberbullying

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59% of U.S. teens have been bullied or harassed online, and a similar share says it's a major problem for people their age. At the same time, teens mostly think teachers, social media companies and politicians are failing at addressing this issue.

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Create at least four columns representing different aspects of the project. Each column should have a clear title and at least two posts.

❑ The Padlet as a whole should include at least one of each of these post types:

❑ Text only
❑ Link to blog post or outside website
❑ Video
❑ File upload (PDF or image)
❑ Link to Google Doc, Slideshow, or Form
❑ Voice recording

❑ Add at least one collaborator. This can be a real person or created from a “fake” account. The person should appear by name in the Padlet and not as “anonymous.”

❑ The person should create at least one original post and make at least one comment.

❑ Has an excerpt that shows up on the home page

❑ Categorized as a Tech Practice

❑ Title is Module 2 (Option B): Online Collaboration

Content The post itself should include these items:

❑ How did you like working with Padlet?

Describe any challenges or breakthroughs you had while working with the platform.

❑ Describe one way you could use a platform like Padlet in your own classroom or educational work.

❑ Describe the collaborative project represented by your Padlet. List the places where you included the required elements.

❑ Include a screenshot of your Padlet. This does not have to show all of your posts.

❑ Include a hyperlink to your Padlet. Be sure to set your Padlet to read-only access and turn off comments before you submit, so that no one who visits your Padlet can change or comment on it.

ADVANCED: Somewhere in your blog post, hyperlink the text to an outside source.

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Does it make a difference?

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Bystander Video - English (Open Captions)

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Warning Signs a Child Is Being Cyberbullied or Is Cyberbullying

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Warning Signs a Child Is Being Cyberbullied or Is Cyberbullying

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Warning Signs a Child Is Being Cyberbullied or Is Cyberbullying

A child may be involved in cyberbullying in several ways. A child can be bullied, bully others, or witness bullying. Parents, teachers, and other adults may not be aware of all the social media platforms and apps that a child is using. The more digital platforms that a child uses, the more opportunities there are for being exposed to potential cyberbullying.

Many of the warning signs that cyberbullying is occurring happen around a child's use of their device. Since children spend a lot of time on their devices, increases or decreases in use may be less noticeable. It's important to pay attention when a child exhibits sudden changes in digital and social behavior. Some of the warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying are:

Noticeable, rapid increases or decreases in device use, including texting.

A child exhibits emotional responses (laughter, anger, upset) to what is happening on their device.

A child hides their screen or device when others are near, and avoids discussion about what they are doing on their device.

Social media accounts are shut down or new ones appear.

A child starts to avoid social situations, even those that were enjoyed in the past.

A child becomes withdrawn or depressed, or loses interest in people and activities.

Preventing and Addressing Cyberbullying

Teachers, school administrators, camp, community, and faith-based staff are in unique positions to use their skills and roles to create safe environments with positive social norms. They are also in positions where they may notice children's behavior changes in group settings, like when a group or cluster of children focuses on another child, or other signs that cyberbullying may be occurring. There are things that you can do in the classroom or other group settings to address or prevent cyberbullying.

If you think a child is being cyberbullied, speak to them privately to ask about it. They may also have proof on their digital devices.

If you believe a child is being cyberbullied, speak to a parent about it. Serve as a facilitator between the child, parent, and the school if necessary.

To understand children' digital behavior and how it relates to cyberbullying, increase your digital awareness.

Develop activities that encourage self-reflection, asking children to identify and express what they think and feel, and to consider the thoughts and feelings of others. Help children develop emotional intelligence so that they can learn self-awareness and self-regulation skills and learn how to have empathy for others.

Role model,reinforce, and reward positive behavior towards others.

Encourage peer involvement in prevention strategies.

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Un niño puede verse involucrado en el ciberacoso de distintas maneras. Puede padecer acoso, acosar a otros, o ser testigo de un acoso. Es posible que los padres, maestros y otros adultos no conozcan todas las plataformas y aplicaciones de redes sociales que utiliza un niño.

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Self-advocacy means communicating on your own behalf, letting others know what you need, and taking action in a direct and respectful manner.

Being your own advocate means that you ask for what you need while respecting the needs of others.

For example, if you are at a store and a clerk ignores you, you are able to ask in a polite way to be served.

With bullying, learning self-advocacy skills is important as it helps you.

Obtain what is helpful for you

Be involved in the decision-making process

Learn to say "no" and be OK with it

Respectfully express disagreement or differing opinion

Help express your ideas to prevent any bullying you're experiencing

Advocacy and Self-Advocacy | PACERTalks About Bullying, Episode 22

What does it mean to be an advocate for yourself as well as others, and how does that relate to bullying prevention?

Speaking up for oneself, expressing needs, and taking action are essential advocacy tools for youth of all ages. When you know that there are options for regaining control or influencing a difficult situation, you gain the skills and resilience to move through the obstacles that life brings. When you actively participate in learning self-advocacy skills, you are better prepared to resolve problems and understand when a problem requires adult help. Whether it's a disagreement with a friend or a serious situation like bullying, learning advocacy can change your world.

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Self-advocacy means communicating on your own behalf, letting others know what you need, and taking action in a direct and respectful manner. Being your own advocate means that you ask for what you need while respecting the needs of others.

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Click the link for a Spanish translation

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Acoso cibernético (para Adolecentes) — versión impresa - KidsHealth

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Despite wanting to be a supportive parent to your child, you may feel like you've just had the door closed in your face and you've got it all wrong. Your relationship will be changing and starting to become more equal as they grow up and you spend more time apart. This doesn't mean you can't stay connected and provide the support they need as they go through this process of becoming a whole new person, an adult.

This can help if you:

want to understand why your child needs you to be supportive

want to learn more about ways to support your child through their teenage years.

What is supportive parenting?

Being a supportive parent means having your child's best interests at heart but also being present, involved and helpful. It includes:

actively encouraging them to do their best with school, their hobbies and interests

listening without judgment and seeking to understand their concerns and challenges

acknowledging their achievements and supporting them through mistakes and challenges

setting consistent expectations and consequences to help them to feel secure and able to predict outcomes

treating them fairly and developing a trusting relationship.

Why is having a supportive parent so important for teenagers?

The influence that you have over your child is more dependent on a trusting relationship than it is on how much authority you dish out and how many lectures you give. It may feel like they're trying to push you away, but they're actually trying to push themselves away from you to choose a direction in life, and to shape an identity for themselves as a separate, independent person.

Love, support, trust and optimism from their family make them feel safe and secure, and are powerful weapons against peer pressure, life's challenges and disappointments.

Tips and tricks for supportive parents

Your aim is to keep your child safe and to give them the foundations they need to do their best. At a minimum they need:

to know they are loved for who they are, and that you are always there to support them

an environment where basic needs such as a safe and healthy place to live, healthy food, and school supplies are made a priority

protection and support to keep themselves safe from mental and physical abuse

respect for their feelings and concerns

acknowledgement of their milestones and achievements such as birthdays or first day at school

respect for their friends, clothing, sports and music choices, and interests.

Some parents struggle to adjust to the demands that parenting their child through the teenage years brings. It's a time that can put even the strongest and most loving relationships to the test. Your child needs you at this time just as much as they have always needed you, but in a different way.

They are looking to you for support through one of the biggest changes in their life, towards adulthood and independence. You've been through it so you know how confusing and difficult it can be. Don't be afraid to share some of your own teenage experiences with your child. Tell them that you understand because it happened to you too. Talk to them about how you handled it (or didn't handle it) and what you learnt from it. Realising that everyone goes through the same struggles can be very reassuring to your child, especially if it's their parent that is telling their stories.

Your child is becoming an independent person. They need a firm foundation of values and expectations that can guide them now, and carry them into adult life. Decide what's important to your family and how you'll share those expectations and values with your child. That way they'll have the knowledge to help them navigate life on their own and make decisions that fit with what the family values.

There's no doubt that the teenage years will probably cause you some worry and frustration. There may be times when you feel as if you don't know your child, or are disappointed by some of their choices. Try to be as loving and supportive as you can through all of their trials, no matter how small they are. If you can do this, they're more likely to rely on you, share their struggles and come to you when they need help.

Be there for them in the way that you would have wanted your parent to be there for you when you were growing up.

Find out more and get some tips on how to be a supportive parent.

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Despite wanting to be a supportive parent to your child, you may feel like you've just had the door closed in your face and you've got it all wrong. Your relationship will be changing and starting to become more equal as they grow up and you spend more time apart.

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Parents, children, and school administrators can take steps to prevent cyberbullying before it starts or becomes worse. Here are practical steps to stop cyberbullying.

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How to Stop Cyberbullying: 18 Tips for Parents and Kids

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Parents, children, and school administrators can take steps to stop cyberbullying before it starts or becomes worse. Here are practical steps to prevent cyberbullying.

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Parent’s Guide to Cyberbullying - ConnectSafely

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Thanks to increased research around cyberbullying, we know more about the problem and what will help, and we’re more motivated as a society to address it.

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Technology is a wonderful tool for communicating and information sharing, but like all tools children learn to use, parents must provide supervision and set limits to ensure their children have a safe and rewarding experience. Cyberbullying is a relatively new danger, and one that can have lasting consequences. Here are some tips for internet safety and preventing cyberbullying.

Know your technology. If you allow your children to carry cell phones, have a MySpace or Facebook page, or work with other technology, learn how to use them yourself. Your children can be your teachers in showing you what they are doing online. Take an interest in your children's online world just as you would any other aspect of their lives.

Set reasonable limits. Help your children learn to make responsible decisions about using technology by establishing guidelines and exerting control when necessary. Investigate all the features of the technology they use. Cell phones with internet access should have the same guidelines and safety measures as those for household computers. Obtain information on parental controls for all the technology your children use.

Get to know your children's online friends. Making "friends" online is fast and easy, but you must help your children learn the difference between a real friend and a friendly stranger. Monitor their virtual friendships with questions you would ask about their friends in the physical world. Urge your children never to disclose any information that would reveal who they are, where they live, or where they go to school. Instruct them never to arrange to meet online-only friends in person.

Talk with your kids if you suspect they are being bullied. Changes in your child's behavior and attitudes can signal that they are being bullied at school or online. Victimized children are more likely to have difficulty sleeping, headaches, nervousness, stomach aches, and make excuses to avoid going to school. Kids are usually reluctant to tell anyone about problems with their peers, and fear losing internet privileges if they report being cyberbullied. You must ensure they feel confident that they can tell you anything and that you will help them. We must teach our children that no one has the right to hurt another person.

Help kids understand the difference between tattling and reporting. We must help children speak up when they are being victimized or witness someone else being victimized. There is a difference between tattling and reporting. Tattling is when you tell something to get someone in trouble. Reporting is getting someone help to keep them safe.

Show your children you love them and will protect them. Children who are bullied are at risk for a variety of mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, diminished self-esteem, and social withdrawal. Remind your children that they are lovable and valuable, and that it is bullies who are the ones with the personality problem.

Get involved with bullying prevention efforts in your school or district. Review your school's policies and rules against bullying, including cyberbullying. Promote parent education to provide information and training for parents on how to recognize and prevent cyberbullying.
Meline Kevorkian, EdD is the executive director of academic review at Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale-Davie, Florida, and a board member of the International Bullying Prevention Association. She is the author of 101 Facts about Bullying: What Everyone Should Know and Preventing Bullying: Helping Kids Form Positive Relationships, available here.

General section on bullying
"Protect Your Child from Cyberbullying"

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Technology is a wonderful tool for communicating and information sharing, but like all tools children learn to use, parents must provide supervision and set limits to ensure their children have a safe and rewarding experience. Cyberbullying is a relatively new danger, and one that can have lasting consequences.

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School-based efforts to prevent cyberbullying

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School-based efforts to prevent cyberbullying

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Collection of published resources

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School-based efforts to prevent cyberbullying - Semantic Scholar

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Semantic Scholar extracted view of "School-based efforts to prevent cyberbullying" by Justin W. Patchin et al.

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Often writing about your experience allows you to best overcome the challenges.

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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STEP 2: WRITE YOUR BLOG POST
Setup
 Includes a featured image
 Has an excerpt that shows up on the home page
 Categorized as a Tech Practice
 Title is Module 2 (Option B): Online Collaboration

Content
The post itself should include these items:
 How did you like working with Padlet?
Describe any challenges or breakthroughs you had while working with the platform.
 Describe one way you could use a platform like Padlet in your own classroom or educational work.
 Describe the collaborative project
represented by your Padlet. List the places where you included the required elements.
 Include a screenshot of your Padlet. This does not have to show all of your posts.
 Include a hyperlink to your Padlet. Be sure to set your Padlet to read-only access and turn off comments before you submit, so
that no one who visits your Padlet can change or comment on it.

ADVANCED: Somewhere in your blog post, hyperlink the text to an outside source.