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Sahara Desert

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Sahara Desert

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 #1 The Sahara is a desert located on the African continent. It is the largest hot desert in the world, and the third largest desert overall after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometers is comparable to the area of China or the United States.

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 #1 The Sahara is a desert located on the African continent. It is the largest hot desert in the world, and the third largest desert overall after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometers is comparable to the area of China or the United States.

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Sahara Desert

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-The Sahara desert has always been dry and arid.

- It is characterized by short to medium length humid and dry conditions.

- In the Northern Region the Sahara Desert has a dry subtropical climate. Characterized by a very cold winter season, very hot summer,annual high temperature ranges, and two rainy seasons. The average temperature is usually around 38.C(100.4 .F).The average rainfall is about 3 inches per year. The rain usually fall in August followed by August storms, which cause flash floods and transport  water to other parts of the desert.

In the Southern Region the Sahara Desert has a dry tropical climate. The average rainfall in this region is about 5 inches, with snow in higher regions. The average temperature is about 31.5 °C (88.7 °F) and in the higher elevations is about 5 °C (41 °F).

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#3 Sahara Climate Graph:( Average Temperature) 

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#3 Sahara Climate Graph:( Average Temperature) 

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-The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 20.2 °C. In December, the average temperature is 11.8 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year.

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#3 Sahara Climate Graph:( Weather By Month Sahara)

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#3 Sahara Climate Graph:( Weather By Month Sahara)

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-The least amount of rainfall occurs in October. The average in this month is 2 mm. Most precipitation falls in August, with an average of 55 mm.

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#4 Latitude: 23.4162° N, 25.6628° E Altitude:It is bounded in the east by the Red Sea and it stretches west to the Atlantic Ocean. To the north, the Sahara Desert's northern boundary is the Mediterranean Sea. 

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#4 Latitude: 23.4162° N, 25.6628° E Altitude:It is bounded in the east by the Red Sea and it stretches west to the Atlantic Ocean. To the north, the Sahara Desert's northern boundary is the Mediterranean Sea. 

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#5 Topography & Effects of Insolation in the area: 

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#5 Topography & Effects of Insolation in the area: 

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Since the amount of water and topography  changes based on location, the Sahara Desert is divided into different geographic zones. The center of the desert is considered hyper-arid and has no vegetation, while the northern and southern portions have scattered  grasslands, desert shrub and sometimes trees in areas with more moisture.

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1. Horned Viper is a large, venomous snake that found in desert habitats of Northern and Eastern Africa. The sand color of horned vipers helps them to easily camouflage with their environment. During hot day hours, horned vipers bury themselves in the desert sand with their  nostrils opened. Plus, because their bodies move sideways they can easily hide under the sand. It also protects them from the extreme desert heat. They also use this camouflage technique to catch the rodents as an ambush predator.

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The single-humped camels found in the Sahara desert can store up to 36 kg of fat. When the food is short, the camels can break down the stored fat into energy and water. Basically, they can survive long periods without food in the desert. They can also drink up to 46 liters of water in less than 15 minutes. The thick fur of camels also keeps their body cool during hot hours and provide warmth at night.

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The 6 inch long ears are what the foxes are known for. The long ears help Fennec foxes to evaporate excess body temperature. So, they can keep their body cool in extreme heat hours in the desert. Sand colored fur is another attractive feature of Fennec fox. They have fur  on the bottom of their feet also to protect them from the hot desert sand. The thick fur of Fennec foxes also keeps their body cool in hot day hours and warm during cool nights. Fennec foxes can live long period without water. Their body will consume the moisture from the food they eat. The kidneys of Fennec foxes are adapted to prevent dehydration.

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The main threat to the Sahara is no rainfall, if the Sahara gets no water then all of the small mammals and reptiles will become extinct or endangered leaving no food for the birds. Another threat to the Sahara Desert is the temperature rising, making it too hot for the animals that live there.

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They have a wide and flat hooves, so it is easy for them to walk across the sand dunes of the Sahara desert.

Like the Dorcas Gazelle they only become active during early morning and evenings and rest during the hot hours. To help them conserve body water in the harsh environment.

Their coat plays a big role in securing their body temperature. The color of their coat changes with season. It is almost white in hot summer. So the sunrays get reflected away from their body. In winter season the coat color will change to smoky gray and it keeps the body warm.

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Dorcas gazelles can withstand in extreme hot temperature of the Sahara desert. During the hot summer season, to prevent the water loss, the gazelles only become active  early in the  morning and throughout the night.

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The tree has developed long root systems, giving it access to ground water, and its small leaves prevent extra release of water into the environment through transpiration. Transpiration is when plants absorb water from the soil, flows it to all the branches and leaves to release water vapor in the atmosphere through the pores of the leaves.

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The acacia leaves will drop when faced with severe drought. This protective adaptation is called semi-deciduous. The loss of leaves prevents evaporation and slows plant growth. This conserves moisture and plant energy until rains come and then the plant can resume growth. This is also a common desert plant adaptation where they will stop growth until resources are available.

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The Thyme Tree has adapted to the hot and arid conditions of the Sahara, as it has developed a drought-tolerance and is able to grow in dry soils. This is because the Thyme is a xerophyte, which means the plants needs very little water. So it has adapted to the environment by having small leaves that absorb less light from the sun and are able to maintain a larger amount of moisture.

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The Mesquite Tree has adapted to the conditions of the Sahara by developing long root systems to draw water from deep underground. This allows the Mesquite Tree to obtain water needed to survive in the hot and dry land of the Sahara. It has very hard wood which is used in grilling food because of the special flavor produced by its smoke.

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1. African Peyote Cactus plant gives out colorful shoots and can grow up to 7 cm. It survives the harsh conditions of the Sahara by holding back water for extended periods of time, with the help of its thickly built stems. It also cuts down water loss through evaporation.